Mphamvu za nyukiliya: mbiri ndi modernity

Kuyambira 1970, dziko la Pangano pa Non-kuchuluka kwa zida (pangano limene anapangana lija), chomwe chimayimira mphamvu ya nyukiliya ndi nthawi kuchuluka kwa udindo awo pankhani zida zawo alipo. Malinga ndi pangano lawo, udindo wa limati nyukiliya chida alandira US, Britain, France, China ndi USSR (tsopano ku Russia, m'malo a). Ndi m'mayikowa mayeso mabomba kunachitika mpaka 1967, kotero iwo mwalamulo kulowa "club nyukiliya."

Pangano pangano limene anapangana lija limene limapatsa mphamvu ya nyukiliya osati zivute zitani, Sizilowana zida zawo kapena luso lake kupanga mayiko amene si, yandilimbikitsa kapena atsogolere kupanga zida choterechi.

Mukhoza kugawana ndi kuthandizana, koma ntchito mtendere mphamvu bomba la nyukiliya.

Mgwirizanowo limanena kuti ngati vuto nyukiliya adzakhala chinaperekedwa pa dziko, yomwe alibe zida zotere, iyo idzaima pa chitetezo chake mphamvu zina nyukiliya ku dziko, malinga hayala UN.

Pangano pangano limene anapangana lija nawo m'mayiko oposa 170, ndipo mozama kalekale.

Ndipotu, lero zida za nyukiliya lakonzedwa ndi kuyesedwa ngakhale mu Pakistan, Iran, India, South Africa ndi Korea North, koma mwalamulo, mayiko sali m'gulu chiwerengero cha nyukiliya.

Pakistan ndi India pafupifupi imodzi imachitika mayesero awo. Izi zinachitika mu 1998.

Poyamba, Korea North anasaina pangano pangano limene anapangana lija, koma mu 2003 mwalamulo ananena lokha lopanda maudindo a mgwirizano umenewu. Mu 2006, Korea North anapanga mayeso ake choyamba kuphulika m'madera awo.

Mwa maiko amene ali ndi zida za nyukiliya, ambiri zimachitika Israel. Koma akuluakulu a dziko sanayambe anatsimikizira kapena wosakana kuti anachititsa maphunziro chitukuko amenewa ndi kuyezetsa.

Mu 2006, mphamvu za nyukiliya, wodzilemekeza ndi wophunzira. Purezidenti wa Iran ali mwalamulo analengeza kuti luso yopanga kupangika mokwanira zasayansi ya mafuta nyukiliya.

Pa gawo la mayiko atatu Union (Ukraine, Kazakhstan ndi Belarus) nayenso mivi ndi zokwana, amene akhalabe umwini zawo pambuyo azingokhala dziko. Koma mu 1992 iwo anasaina Protocol Lisbon pa malire ndi kuchepetsa zida njira n'kumachita kuchotsa zida zotere. Kazakhstan, Belarus ndi Ukraine agwirizana limati membala pangano limene anapangana lija ndipo tsopano mwalamulo ankaona kuti mphamvu si nyukiliya.

Mu Republic of South Africa wakhalanso analenga zida za nyukiliya ndi kumulondolera mayesero ake ku nyanja ya Indian Ocean mu 1979. Komabe, patangopita nthawi yochepa pulogalamuyi chitukuko zidzatsekedwa, ndipo kuyambira 1991 South Africa movomerezeka pangano limene anapangana lija Pangano.

Tsopano dziko pali gulu osiyana mayiko, zomwe theoretically angathe mwamantha ndi zida za nyukiliya, koma chifukwa zankhondo ndiponso zandale, amaona zosayenera. Akatswiri amanena kuti States zimenezi, ena m'mayiko South America (Brazil, Argentina), Korea South, Egypt, Libya ndi ena.

Otchedwa "zobisika" mphamvu za nyukiliya, ngati n'koyenera, kusinthana kupanga ake kwa kupanga zida mwachilungamo msanga, ntchito luso wapawiri-ntchito.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, anthu padziko lonse watero kuchepetsa wa arsenals awo, pamene kupanga izo ano. Koma nkhani ya 19,000 alipo pa dziko lapansi lero zida za nyukiliya 4400 amakhala mu mkhalidwe tcheru mkulu.

Kuchepa voooruzheniya nkhokwe zimagwiritsa chifukwa kuchepetsa m'matangadza a nkhondowo Russia ndi US, komanso chifukwa cha utalembedwa-kutali nkhondo achikale. Komabe, ndi mkulu limati nyukiliya, India ndi Pakistan kupitiriza kulengeza analamula mapulogalamu latsopano zida chitukuko. Iwo likukhalira kuti, sikuti m'mawu, palibe maiko ena sali okonzeka kwathunthu kusiya ntchito zida za nyukiliya.