Hetman Daniel (Danilo) Mtumwi

Danilo Mtumwi - wolemba ndale, woimira banja lotchuka la Cossack, anabadwira ku Poltava m'mudzi wa Velikie Sorochintsy. Mu 1683 adatengera kwa bambo ake, Cossack Pavel Okhrimovich, mkulu wa apolisi wa Mirgorod, yemwe sanatumikirepo wina aliyense, kufika ku gulu la hetman.

Akatswiri pankhani za usilikali

Hetman Danilo Mtumwi, yemwe mbiri yake makamaka imaphatikizapo kupambana kwake, anali nthumwi wanzeru ndi katswiri pa zankhondo. Mu 1689, monga gulu la asilikali okwana 40,000 a Cossack, adagwira nawo ntchito yomenyera Perekop motsutsana ndi Crimean Tatars, mu 1693 ndi 1696 adatsutsa Khanate ya Crimea. Mu 1697, adadziwika kwambiri ndi nkhondo ya ku Russia yotsutsana ndi a ku Turkey, kuyambira 1700 mpaka 1706 adamenyana ndi a Swedeni, pokhala ndi asilikali ake a Cossack zinthu zambiri zopambana: kugonjetsedwa kwa ankhondo a General Shlippenbach ndi kumasulidwa kwa Warsaw kwa adani.

Ukraine ndi yodziimira komanso yaulere

Danilo Mtumwi, pokhala munthu wamkulu wa dziko la Ukraine ndi a maganizo monga Ivan Mazepa, adagwira ntchito mwakhama potsatira ndondomeko ya omalizirayi, akuyenda momasuka mu 1708 ndi gulu lake Mirgorod kumbali yake. Zoona, kwa kanthawi kochepa ... Mtumwiyu analota kumasula Ukraine kuchokera ku Moscow ndikudalira mgwirizano ndi Sweden. Ndi malingaliro awa, adatembenukira ku Ivan Mazepa, koma, atatsimikizika kuti sitingakwanitse kukhazikitsa ndondomekoyi, adachoka kwa iye, anayamba kugwirizana kwambiri ndi akuluakulu a boma la Moscow ndikuthandizana nawo. Mu 1711, Danilo analoŵerera m'kalatayi ya Prut ya Peter I monga chidziwitso cha Chiyukireniya chikulankhulira, ndipo mu 1722, mtsogoleri wa Cossack omwe anali ndi amuna 10,000 m'gulu la asilikali a Russian, adalimbikitsa dziko la Persia.

Pambuyo pake, Danilo Mtumwi adagwa maganizo ake ndi Pavel Polubotok - mtsogoleri, ndipo pamodzi ndi iye adafuna kuthetseratu ufulu wa boma wa Ukraine womwe unakhazikitsidwa ndi a Malorossiysk collegium. Anapitirizabe kutsutsa malamulo a Russia ku Ukraine ngakhale atagwidwa ndi anzake.

Danilo Mtumwi: biography. Kusankhidwa kwa Hetman

Mu 1727, ku Bungwe Lalikulu, Mtumwi adasankhidwa. Ngakhale kuti anali ndi zaka 70, hetman watsopanoyo anagwira ntchito mwakhama kuwonetsa zauzimu ndi zandale zomwe zinkachitika m'dzikomo pambuyo pa ntchito za Msonkhano Wachigawo cha Russian. Ndipo ngakhale kuti mlangizi wa Moscow a Naumov analipo ku Ukraine, ndipo mwana wa Danilo Apostol anali ku Russia ngati chitetezo chotheka kuti bambo ake, Danilo Apostol, akanatha kupusitsa Moscow (chithunzi chomwe mukuchiona mu nkhani ino) mu 1728 mwachidwi anapita ku St. Petersburg. Kusintha kwa ulamuliro (imfa ya Petro I, kuikidwa pampando wachifumu wa Peter II) sikunasiye Danilo Apostol chifukwa cha kukonda dziko lake, ndipo patsiku lachiwiri la ulamuliro wa Peter II, adafunsira kuti kubwezeretsedwe ufulu ndi ufulu ku Ukraine malinga ndi mgwirizano wa 1654 womaliza pakati pa mfumu ndi Bogdan Khmelnitsky. Chotsatira cha ulendo uwu chinali chilolezo cha mfumu:

• Pa kusankha kosankha kwa hetman;
• Kutumizidwa kwa Hetman kuchokera pansi pa ulamuliro wa Senate wa mtsogoleri pansi pa ulamuliro wa Ministry of Foreign Affairs;
• Kuchepetsa chiŵerengero cha asilikali a Russian ku gawo la Ukraine;
• Kulemba misonkho, kuwerengedwa ndi Malorossiysk collegium.

Komanso, tsar inathetsa mgwirizano wochita malonda okhaokha ndi Russia ndi kugulitsa katundu kwa kokha kupyolera pa mayiko a Russia.

Mfundo zomveka za Ukraine

Motero, kubwerera kwapadera kwa tsar wa ku Ukraine za ufulu wake ndi ufulu wake kunali mtundu wamakono othawirapo komanso njira yowonetsera kusintha kwa ndale. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, monga momwe mfumu ya Roma ikuyendera molimbika mtima koteroko, Danilo Mtumwi, omwe amatchedwa kuti Resolute adakhazikitsidwa, omwe, pokhala mtundu wa malamulo a Hetmanate, adawononga ufulu wandale komanso mphamvu za boma la Left Bank Ukraine. Malinga ndi iwo, mchimweneyo analibe ufulu wolankhula zokambirana ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi akuluakulu akuluakulu a boma. Izi zinali ndi mphamvu ya Russian Tsar yekha. Pofuna kulamulira ndalama za hetman, zida za osungirako awiri adayambitsidwa, imodzi mwa iyo inali nthumwi ya mbali ya Russia, yachiwiri inali Chiyukireniya. Misonkho ya katundu wotumizidwa ku Ukraine iyenera kutumizidwa ku chuma cha mfumu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chiopsezo chachikulu ku Ukraine chinapitiriza.

Mayendedwe a Hetman Kulimbitsa Moyo ku Ukraine

Pozindikira kusayesayesa kwa kuyesa kulimbitsa zoyamba za Hetmanate, Danilo Apostol (chithunzi chake chikufotokozedwa m'munsimu) anaikapo ntchito yake pakukonza kusintha kwa moyo ndi zachuma ku Ukraine.

Potsata zokonza milandu, hetman anagogomezera kufunika kosunga "milandu yakale" yomwe imatsimikiziridwa momveka bwino pakupanga chisankho ndi oweruza osankhidwa ndi anthu. Kuti izi zitheke, mu 1731, Chidziwitso cha Malamulo chinaperekedwa, chomwe chinapereka chiwerengero cha oweruza omwe anali oweruza ku General Court (6 anthu: atatu a Ukrainians ndi a Russia), ndipo purezidenti wa khoti anali hetman mwiniwake.

Pa ntchito yonse ya Danilo Mtumwi, udindo wa hetman ukuwonetsa bwino kutsogolo, kuphatikizapo moyo wochuluka. Mtsogoleri wodziwika bwino, hetman anali panthaŵi imodzimodzi wogulitsa bwino bizinesi-wokonza bungwe, wogulitsa mafakitale, wogulitsa malonda, ndi wamalonda yemwe ankadziwa kuwerengera ndalama.

Udindo wa mchimake pa ntchito yomanganso chuma

Monga mbuye wochenjera, mchimwene Danilo Apostol anachita chidwi kwambiri ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa chuma cha ku Ukraine, koma zomwe anazichita m'dera lino zinali zosavuta. Makampaniwa ndi mabungwe akuluakulu ndi manufactories anali mbali yaikulu m'manja mwa akuluakulu a boma la Russia. Danila Apostol anateteza zofuna za Chiyukireniya malonda, potsindika kuti kuthetsa chisankho cha Petro I. Chifukwa chake, mu 1728, adasonkhanitsa nthumwi kuchokera ku gulu la amalonda ku Glukhov ndipo adafunsa boma la Russia kuti lichotse chilolezo chogulitsira katundu wa Chiyukireniya - tirigu, ulusi, sera, chikopa ndi zinthu zina.

Kuyambira mu 1729 mpaka 1731, mtsogoleri wa dziko lonse ndi kuyika malipiro a nthaka anali atatopa, Danila Apostol adayambitsa kafukufuku wadzaoneni, kufufuza mosamalitsa kwa malowa kunayambika ndipo madera ambiri omwe analipo sanabwezeretsedwe. Kufufuzidwaku kunachokera pa zolembedwa zomwe zikukhalapo ndi umboni wa anthu omwe moyo wawo umaperekedwa mwaufulu kwa mayiko awo.

Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti chiwerengero cha a Russia ku ulamuliro wa Hetman chinachepetsedwa. Iwo analetsedwa kugula malo ku Ukraine, ndipo chikhumbo chawo chochoka m'dziko chinalimbikitsidwa ndi kuthandizidwa ndi ndalama. Chiwerengero cha maulamuliro a ku Russia ku Ukraine anali ochepa okha.

Pansi pa mphamvu ya a hetman, a Zaporozhiya adabwerera, akukakamizidwa kuchokera ku 1708 kuti akakhale m'dera la Crimean Khanate. Komanso mu 1734 analoledwa kupanga Novaya Sich pamtsinje wa Podpolnaya.

Hetman Danilo Mtumwi nayenso anayamba kuthetsa mavuto a zachuma ku Ukraine, atavomereza bajeti yakeyi palimodzi la rubles 144,000 pachaka. Chigawo chachikulu cha msonkho chinali msonkho wotsatsa kunja kwa zipangizo zochokera ku Ukraine, ndipo ndalamazo zinagawanika pakati pa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake, kawirikawiri ndi kubwereka zida zankhondo.

Danilo Mtumwi: gawo mu mbiri ya Ukraine

Ulamuliro wa Danilo Mtumwi udatha zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi theka, chaka chatha iye adamva zowawa. Koma izi, ngakhale zopinga zonse za boma la Russia, sizinamuletse kuti apitirize kulimbikira mwamphamvu ufulu wa Ukraine ndi kubwezeretsa ufulu wa anthu a Chiyukireniya. Pansi pa Danilo Mtumwi, moyo, ngakhale pang'onopang'ono, unasinthidwa: kutuluka kwa anthu akumidzi kwa Dnieper kunachepa ndipo chiwerengero cha anthu othawa kwawo anabwerera ku Left Bank chinawonjezeka.

Hetman Danilo Mtumwi adamwalira pa January 17, 1734, kuchokera ku stroke ndipo anaikidwa m'mudzi wa Sorochintsy (womwe tsopano ndi Great Sorochintsy wa Myrhorod m'chigawo cha Poltava) mu tchalitchi cha Kusinthika kwa Ambuye komwe kunakhazikitsidwa mwa njira zake.

Pomaliza

Wolemekezeka wa munthu uyu, yemwe sanadzipusitse ndi bodza, adakhala momveka bwino mumdima wa Chiyukireniya; Iye anachita zonse zotheka kuteteza ufulu wa boma wa anthu a Chiyukireniya kuchokera ku mphamvu za kunja, ndipo mwazidzidzidzi anatha kukhala nawo njira yodziphatikizira kwathunthu kwa Hetmanate mu dongosolo la Ufumu wa Russia.