"Mphalasa" - dongosolo odana ndi chida. ATGM "Kornet-EM". ATGM "Kornet-E"

Kuyambira ndi First World nkhondo, akasinja mwamsanga anakhala weniweni mutu oyenda. Poyamba, ngakhale pamene okonzeka ndi zida wosazindikira, iwo sali ayenera kusiya asilikali. Koma ngakhale pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, pamene zingatanthauze, pali regimental zida zankhondo ndi PTR (wotsutsa-thanki mfuti), akasinja akadali kuwauza malamulo chinkhoswe.

Koma kenako 1943, zomwe zinali zodzaza ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zochepa zokha pamene akatswiri a Nazi Germany anakhoza kulenga ogwira mtima kokha, komanso chida yabwino kwambiri, Faust katiriji. Ndi pamaziko a RPG-2 odziwika unakhazikitsidwa pambuyo pa nkhondo, anakhala Zikatero, ndiye kholo la onse lodziwika bwino ndi RPG-7.

Koma nthawi zonse "nkhondo zida projectile" ndipo sanaganize kuti asiye. Panali zida gulu, amene nthawi zambiri ndi Launcher grenade sizinali choncho zovuta kwambiri kuti ndisiye. Komanso kale ikuchitika zatsopano pa chilengedwe cha wamphamvu, yogwira dongosolo chitetezo, amene athandizidwa ndi MBT dziko lonse yachibadwa. Kunali koyenera kutsutsa nyumba yatsopanoyi.

Zitsulo ngati kunyamula antitank oyenda maofesi. Pa maonekedwe a gawo lawo ntchito zikufanana kwambiri ndi grenade lomwelo, ndizo basi Ufumuyo "chitoliro" ndi thandizo wapadera, amene yakwera njira zobwezedwa malangizo ndi ulamuliro. Monga projectile si ntchito roketi-injini grenade, ndi zonse odana thanki mzinga, ngakhale ang'ono.

Today ife ndikufuna kuti ndikuuzeni inu za "mphalasa". Antitank chida dongosolo la chitsanzo ichi kwa nthawi yaitali ataima pa mikono ya asilikali athu ndi theoretically angathandize tigonjetse zonse mwamakono MBT angathe mdani.

Start chitukuko

Chirichonse chimene sichinali zinthu kwambiri zaka 90, koma ulemu wa gunsmiths zoweta (Tula Design Bureau), ntchito wayamba pa zankhondo yatsopano. Kale mu 1994, woyamba zitsulo zovuta ndi asilikali a asilikali athu. Mu chilungamo tisaiwale kuti ntchito wayamba si kuchokera zikande: maziko ntchito antitank dongosolo "reflex", umene panthawi imeneyo akhoza kuikidwa pa akasinja zonse zoweta ndi mfuti kudziletsa injini "nyamayi-S" ndi "nyamayi-Sd ".

Koma onse amene analipo pa nthawi ya zoweta odana ndi dongosolo anali mmodzi drawback yofunika kwambiri. Ndi za njira zopewera kapena yikidwa mawaya, pamene asilikali anali kuthamangira kwa coils kapena ndi mphamvu wailesi, zomwe tikhoza kuletsedwa mdani zikutanthauza kuti wakhala jamming.

"Mbali Management" wa ATGM latsopano

Kodi pali kusiyana pakati pa "mphalasa" n'chiyani? Antitank dongosolo mzinga wa mtundu uwu anali okonzeka ndi machitidwe kulamulira, zofanana ndi zimene anagwiritsa ntchito ku makampani ndege. Choyamba, pa unsembe yokha yakwera kwambiri wamphamvu laser emitter, amene bwino likusonyeza cholinga. Kamangidwe ka yotsirizira pali photodetector, lomwe limagwira mtanda anasonyeza. chida homing dongosolo amatanthauzira deta ndipo amatha finely kusintha ndege Inde.

Onani kuti m'badwo wotsiriza ATGM ndipo anali wina vuto: yolondola kumenya pafupifupi 90% amadalira Luso la woyendetsa ndi dzanja lake odekha. Msilikali ankafunikira kwenikweni m'manja kuti akwanitse kusintha kwa chida, ankakhalira chimamangidwa pa cholinga. Kuchita izi, ntchito joystick. Talingalirani kuti mdani makina pa nthawi ino si kuima mu malo ndipo mwachangu akuyendetsa, kuyesera kubisa woyendetsa kwa onse alipo zida: ofunika pang'ono kovuta kukokera chala chanu - onse, roketi anachoka chandamale.

Mawaya zambiri ong'ambika, pokhala munkachitika shrapnel kapena zipolopolo, ndi ku banal kutsimikiza mastication zawo zinali zosatheka. pa kasamalidwe mpweya zambiri pa njirayo, kumenyedwa.

Chotero zopindika ndipo anali kwathunthu wopanda "mphalasa". Antitank dongosolo chida azikapanga okha ali ndi wokonzeka ndi "wochenjera" mizinga, amene safuna kunyamula dzanja. Kumene, ndi theoretically kuonetsa ndi laser mtengo ndi dissipate, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi smokescreen. Koma, ikusonyeza Zochita izi zimatenga nthawi ndi nthawi. Liwiro la roketi ndege ndi chotero kuti ngakhale pa mamita 100-300 pa cholinga cha ndondomeko yake yeniyeni adzataika, ndi munition kuphimba mtunda ili ngati nthawi yochepa kuti thanki adani komabe kwina.

Choncho zovuta "mphalasa" ndi chida kwambiri odalirika kuti amalola kuti atiyankha kugunda mdani magalimoto oti muli nazo zida zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

mavuto Kodi ataliika patsogolo okonza?

Popeza m'ma 80s, pafupifupi akasinja a mphamvu Western anamalizidwa zazikulu dongosolo chitetezo, ndipo chotero pamaso Tula anali "kumodzi" Ntchito kuonetsetsa chinkhoswe odalirika ngati kutetezedwa ndi luso. N'zosadabwitsa kuti olemera chida "mphalasa" 9M133 yomweyo zokuzira ndi tandem warhead. mchitidwe wake woyamba disabling DZ, n'zothandiza ntchito zake, ndipo kokha gawo lachiwiri mwachindunji kugunda thanki zida.

Mwa njira, chifukwa cha mamangidwe roketi wakhala chidwi kwambiri. Choncho mlandu chokhala kusungidwa mu mchira gawo galimoto - pakati, ndi mlandu chachikulu - mu mphuno. Control machitidwe ali mu gawo kumbuyo.

ntchito sagwirizana nazo

Komabe, Suli kutali ena akasinja ikhoza kuwononga "mphalasa". Antitank chida dongosolo akhoza ntchito njira sagwirizana nazo.

chakuti zosiyanasiyana machitidwe odana thanki kukukhala osiyanasiyana kuyambira nthawi yawo mukutengera asilikali kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira wothandiza ndi amene mdani mwamsanga kusuta kuchokera bunker zokhalamo. Choncho, pankhondo ya Falklands mu 1982, paratroopers British zambiri anatenga mipanda yolimba kwambiri m'madera kupondereza kukana kwawo, mothandizidwa ndi kachitidwe kawo odana thanki.

mphamvu zathu wapadera ntchito "Fagot", dushmans anagogoda m'mapanga awo ndi asilikali Russian ntchito chida ichi pa chachiwiri Chechen kampeni. Kunapezeka kuti "Fagot" zothandiza kwambiri pamene kukonza nyumba. Mwachidule, zaposachedwapa, zitsanzo zimenezi akhala akukuchitirani kwambiri.

Chinthu chofunika chokha kuganizira kuti chida ATGM - munitions osati thermobaric, choncho ndi mdani moyo amakakamiza tanthauzo lake sikuti kuyambitsa zotsatira ankafuna. Tula, poona nkhondowo zinachitikira asilikali Soviet ndi Russian, makamaka "mphalasa" analenga roketi, wokonzeka monga anachita warhead thermobaric. Chotero projectile kumenya danga chatsekedwa kwa bunker mipanda yolimba kwambiri, kwenikweni akugwera zonse akukhala mkati chifukwa kufinya dontho lakuthwa kunachitika kuphulika lapansi.

Mwachidule, chida "mphalasa" - kwenikweni Mipikisano cholinga chida chimene chingaletse kwambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito mu nthambi onse ankhondo.

Western Baibulo

M'dziko zambiri yogwira azimuth okwana kukana machitidwe odana thanki, kulamulira omwe akusowa woyendetsa aluso. Pakati kumadzulo ATGM ndi American "nthungo" ndipo Israeli "spikes." mawu awo amatsatira mfundo za "moto ndi kuiwala". Akukhulupirira kuti maofesi amenewa a m'badwo wachitatu. Wathu zovuta "mphalasa", ndi njira, amatanthauza wachiwiri.

Bomba zipolopolo kwa dongosolo lolunjika osati pa laser mtengo ndi injini kutentha wochokera chandamale, komanso fano Buku zida mdani, amene anapatsa kukumbukira.

The vuto lalikulu la "nthungo" ndi mtengo kwambiri mkulu wa zipolopolo. chida chimodzi mosavuta ndalama madola 120-130 zikwi. Izi ndi chidutswa chimodzi! Si mayiko onse amene angakwanitse akonzekeretse asilikali awo ndi machitidwe oterewa odana thanki, ngakhale nyota awo undoubted. Choncho, mu India si kale analengeza ntchito pa machitidwe kudziletsa injini odana thanki (zochokera BMP), amene ndi zida chimodzi chokha "nthungo." Choncho, mtengo wa galimotoyo ndi ambiri zovuta nkhondowo ofanana. Komabe, ATRA ngakhale ofunika pang'ono zodula.

Mosiyana, mu Syria chomwecho zinkakoperedwa mabanga zamanja zochokera ATGM "Kornet-E", wokwera pa ubiquitous BMP-1/2. Popeza chakuti yokha zovuta ndi roketi ndalama za 30 madola zikwi, mtengo kwambiri m'munsi kuposa mtengo wa galimotoyo, zomwe zimachititsa yopanga madongosolo otero chuma yotheka.

Komanso, pali machitidwe Western mbadwo wachitatu ndi vuto lina. Tisonyeza zimenezo mwa osiyanasiyana ang'onoang'ono ogwira. Choncho, chida "nthungo" akhoza theoretically kuuluka mwachindunji mamita 4700, koma mbali ya homing yekha ogwira pa ranges mpaka mamita 2500. Ikani madongosolo otero pa galimotoyo lalikulu BMP chabe phindu: bola ngati makina adzakhala anasankha thanki, nthawi kugunda nthawi angapo (kuphatikizapo mivi yake).

Pali mavuto aakulu zinthu m'tawuni nkhondo. Choncho, mu 2003, ku America amalimbikitsa akasinja onse aku Iraq ndi magalimoto oyenda kumenyana popanda mavuto. Koma izo zinali chabe m'madera lotseguka. Zinali kunja kwa mzinda kwa malipoti "nthungo" mu zida. Ndipo chifukwa Achimereka (ndipo kenako Aisrayeli) kuti zida zake lachitatu m'badwo maofesi Buku.

chisankho Russian

Posachedwa Tula kwambiri akweza "mphalasa": ATRA anali "wochenjera" chandamale kutsatira dongosolo. Izo zikuwoneka ntchito zake motere: woyendetsa oyamba zowoneka kudziwa chandamale, amatumiza mbali ake ATRA, n'kukaziika mbendera. Pambuyo chida kukhazikitsa yekha zochokera mu mlengalenga, napempha palibe alowererepo anthu mu ndondomekoyi. Chifukwa, "mphalasa" - machitidwe odana akasinja, amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngakhale kuti thupilo mosungika Helicopters mdani.

Ngati mukuganiza kuti "nthungo" ndi mamita ake 4.5 zikwi ngwadidi, chitukuko zoweta pankhaniyi, onse wapadera. Choncho, anapereka kupeza mabomba latsopano mothandizidwa ndi "mphalasa" akhoza gwetsa thanki pa mtunda wa mamita asanu ndi zikwi khumi. Mwina kumenya chandamale zonse mkulu mu uthunthu wa ntchito zotheka.

ena zosintha

Panopa magulu athu modernized kwathunthu Baibulo la zovuta pansi pa chizindikiro "D", pamene akulankhula "Kornet-EM" kwa katundu. Ambiri, si zambiri kusiyana pakati pa aliyense wa iwo. Tikumbukenso kuti basi mu ziwiri zapitazo, waukulu ankafika zida chifukwa zovuta uyu anakhala galimoto "Amabereka". Komanso, Airborne tsopano kulandira wapadera odana thanki chida zovuta "mphalasa" imene yaikidwa pa galimotoyo wa BTR-D. Kodi wina pali zosintha?

Amene amatanthawuza index "E"?

ATRA woyamba chinaonetsedwa mu 1994, ndipo ntchito dzina "Kornet-E". Ndi chiyani icho? Mu nkhani iyi, index limasonyeza Baibulo katundu. Kusiyanitsa izo kwa munthu amene amaima mu utumiki wa mphamvu dziko zida kochepa, yafupika ndi mawu ndi siginecha pa mayunitsi ulamuliro, anachita mu English (kapena, malinga ndi zofuna za makasitomala).

Ndichachidziwikire kuti ndi antitank chida zovuta "Kornet-E" nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu zosiyanasiyana "mawanga otentha" padziko lonse. Pali zifukwa losavuta: ndi wotsika mtengo kwambiri yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo angathe molondola kumenya pafupifupi mitundu yonse alipo magalimoto oti muli nazo zida ".

"Brigandine" Baibulo

Oddly zokwanira, koma zovuta izi tsopano ankamuona ngati zingamuthandize kwambiri "enaake" kwa "Carapace" dongosolo. Takambirana kale za zifukwa: mizinga latsopano n'zosavuta kuti atsitse osati drone wa mdani, koma ngakhale gunships ndege. Pankhaniyi, mtundu wa "kudalirana" njira: dongosolo wamphamvu kudziwika "zida" kuzindikira, kenako odana ndi chida dongosolo "mphalasa" adzautaya. Oddly zokwanira, koma chombo Launch ATGM pali wina downed UAVs, pamene kwa chiwonongeko cha izo kwa mfuti basi, "zida" amafuna pa mazana osachepera a zipolopolo.

Kumene, zolinga zimenezi zingakhale ndi 100% Mwina anawononga mivi odana ndi ndege, ndizo basi mtengo ndi kuti kuwombera uyu adzakhala zinthu zamtengo wapatali kwambiri. Komanso, drones panopa mosavuta kunyenga ndi laser malangizo dongosolo la "zida", pamene losavuta roketi ATGM potsatira chandamale kutsatira zithunzi, popanda kufunika laser chiwalitsiro ake.

Mwachindunji kuwononga mipherezero mpweya analengedwa antitank chida dongosolo "mphalasa-D", koma chifukwa chaichi n'zotheka ntchito zina ATRA banja ili.

Pakali pano izo zikuwoneka zingamuthandize kwambiri ndi lingaliro la khazikitsa zombo zovuta kulondera ndipo ngalawa za Bulu la Chitaganya cha Russia (iyi si lingaliro, wamakono ngati ali). Choncho zaka 20 zokha, kukula kwa Tula amisiri zachoka "zotsogola" kukutanthauza kuwonongedwa magalimoto oti muli nazo zida kuti zovuta Mipikisano zida zimene zingawononge mipherezero pansi, mu mlengalenga ndi pa nyanja.

"Emka"

Koma zingamuthandize kwambiri kwa "misa msika" akadali chikuwoneka chimodzimodzi "Kornet-EM", wokwera pa galimotoyo a "Amabereka". chitukuko anali woyamba anasonyeza pa MAKS-2011. Wapadera m'dziko dongosolo apo.

Pankhaniyi, zovuta ndi zida za yomweyo 16, theka la limene lili mu muli kumatenda ndi wokonzeka ntchito nkhondo. Ananyoza zotheka kuwombera pa cholinga, nthawi yomweyo pamene thanki "ntchito" zida awiri. Kuthekera kwa kuwombera mitundu yonse ya munitions zimene zakhalako kuti zithandize chida ichi. A mwayi waukulu, umene uli odana ndi chida zovuta "Kornet-EM", ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mu kupanga galimotoyo kupezeka ndi zipangizo kwambiri kuchepetsa ndalama zake poyerekezera zitsanzo Western.

specifications Basic

The osachepera kuwombera mtunda - mamita 150. Zolemba - makilomita 10. Machitidwe a pachikhalidwe ndi makina kwathunthu, zamagetsi "kudzaza" zimatetezedwa ku jamming zotheka ndi mdani. Ndi imodzi akhoza kukwaniritsa ndi moto zolinga ziwiri. gawo chokhala Mwina mkatikati mpaka 1300 mamilimita homogenous zitsulo zida. Kuphulika buku la chida ukugwira mlandu ndi kuphulika, ofanana ndi makilogalamu 7 TNT. Zovuta kusintha kuyenda kwa nkhondowo amatenga masekondi asanu okha.

Chiwembu loyamba "moto ndi kuiwala" chimenechi chidza- mu mbiri ya ulimi zoweta manja. Chifukwa kuwonongedwa pafupifupi anthu chida kulamulira ndondomeko anatha pafupifupi 100 kuwonjezeka% mu Mwina polasa pa ulendo oyamba. Tikumbukenso kuti zaka zovuta "Kornet-E" kuwirikiza kawiri pa makhalidwe koipa. Kuthekera zipangizo basi chandamale kutsatira komanso chothandiza kuti boma psycho-maganizo a ndodo, amene amatha kuyang'ana pa kayendetsedwe ka makina ndi kuika mizere ya mthunzi.

Mfundo zovuta izi zikhoza wokwera kutali chimodzi chokha "Amabereka". Choncho, antitank chida dongosolo amagwiritsa mphalasa galimotoyo BMP-3, ndi chimake izi (chifukwa malo abwino) unsembe akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mu zinthu kwambiri m'tauni nkhondo. Kodi amphamvu katundu kubala galimotoyo galimoto?

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa launchers, misa ATRA "mphalasa-EM" zingasiyane matani 0,8 kwa 1.2, ndi galimotoyo chomwecho "Amabereka" (dzina limene anaitenga ku APCs) ali pafupifupi opanda phindu. Muli eni zopangidwa cholimba pulasitiki. The chitsimikizo nthawi kusungiramo mivi popanda kuchititsa macheke chizolowezi cha osachepera zaka khumi.

zovuta

Choyamba, zovuta zikuphatikizapo mwachindunji galimotoyo zashuga okonzeka ndi diso ndi zipangizo zina. Monga ife tanena kale, makampani chitetezo chathu kuti udindo umenewu nthawi zambiri zimaika galimoto "Amabereka". Features cha zovuta mu nkhani iyi komanso chakuti zikuwoneka patali ndi kukhala monga yeniyeni machitidwe odana thanki, ndipo ngati SUV zonse monga mivi zobisika mu thupi lake. Mu nkhani ya owononga kuti chidebe amatenga malo ake pa galimotoyo masekondi asanu ndi awiri.

Mizinga, nomenclature awo angakhale osiyana - kuchokera zida odana thanki mwachindunji mitundu mkulu-kuphulika, zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi asilikali mdani nkhondo m'tawuni. Iwo ndi osiyanasiyana bwino makilomita teni. Akuti kuti Mgwilizano wa chida akhoza kugunda oyenda, zobisika kuseri kwa zipupa simenti, chiwerengero makulidwe a limene chimachititsa za atatu mamita.

Antitank mivi. Akuti chanzeru kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito iwo pa ranges wa makilomita mpaka eyiti. Malowedwe gawo lawo chokhala ndi za 1100-1300 mamilimita homogeneous zida. Mfundo zimene zinkachitika athe kugwiritsa ntchito nchito ya "mphalasa" kuthana ndi mitundu yonse MBT NATO, ngakhale kutenga nkhani chakuti pali chizolowezi kuonjezera makulidwe a zida mazunzo. Pomaliza, mu zida ingakhale monga zipolopolo termobricheskie kuti n'cholinga kuwononga ogwira mdani, amene zimatetezedwa ndi makoma a bunker lapansi.

Launcher ndi anayi kutetezedwa Launch chidebe. Teleteplovizionnym okonzeka ndi zowoneka chitsulo. Limagwiritsa ntchito lachitatu m'badwo matenthedwe imager. Chifukwa chomasuka mawerengedwe ntchito ndi makamera TV ndi kusamvana okwezeka kwambiri atsogolere chizindikiritso cha magalimoto mdani ndi nyumba zozitetezera. Palinso anamanga- laser rangefinder, kulola molondola kudziwa mtunda chandamale.

zolakwa

Iwo umachita zina zoipa zoweta "mphalasa"? Antitank chida system (chithunzi ali mu pepala) chimasiyana ndi mpikisano yachilendo thupi kwambiri (50 makilogalamu). Komanso chiwerengero cha zosintha adakali ntchito malangizo a laser mtengo kwambiri limatchula omenyana wotanganidwa malo. Komabe, chifukwa cha yotsirizira kuti kuipidwa "Kornet-EM" ndi wokwera pa galimotoyo wa ndi mkulu-liwiro "Amabereka" kuti amalola kuti mofulumira kusintha malo mfundo mfuti.

Komanso, akatswiri ena amati 47 okha% zotsatira kuyambitsa malowedwe a zida. Deta yotere, makamaka akhala zopezera nthawi ya nkhondo Lebanon ndi Israel mu 2006.

Koma pali deta zina. Choncho, US silikhali Dipatimenti monyinyirika, anakakamizika kuvomereza mfundo za pakutayika MBT "Abrams" mu Iraq (as 2012). atolankhani British tchulani chitsanzo cha M'nkhani ya, pamene yopapatiza msewu "Abrams" kwenikweni odzaza ndi projectiles wa RPG-7, lomwe naye vuto lililonse. Koma ananyoza limodzi lokha la "mphalasa" kwathunthu wolemala akasinja, kupha adalira. makina, monga mboni, pomwepo zinagwira moto.