Moni Wa Mayi wa Mulungu (chithunzi)

Chikhalidwe cha Chikhristu cha Chiroma cha Russia ndi chachikulu kwambiri. Makoma okongola ndi makedara, omwe ali pamwamba pa mizinda yambiri yamakono, amachitira umboni za mabungwe akale a chipembedzo cha Orthodox. Pambuyo poyesera mayesero ovuta a mbiriyakale, zolemba zachikhristu zinayima ndikusunga phindu lawo kufikira lero, kukondweretsa kukongola kwawo kosaneneka kwa anthu ambiri achipembedzo ndi alendo.

Mipingo yambiri ya Orthodox inamangidwa ndi makolo athu pofuna kulemekeza zozizwa zina zauzimu zozizwitsa zomwe zinakhudza mbiri ya mbiri ya dziko.

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zachikhristu zokongola kwambiri za chikhalidwe cha masiku ano ndi Mzinda wa Mzinda wa Moscow Donskoy, chizindikiro cha Amayi a Mulungu omwe adayambira maziko a ulemu waukulu.

Malo a amonke

Malo okongola a nyumbazi ali pa Donskoy square wa likulu la Russia, osati pafupi ndi siteshoni ya metro "Shabalovskaya".

Gawo lomwe likulamulidwa ndi parishi ya monasist limagwirizanitsa mipingo yambiri ya Orthodox: Alexander Svirsky, George Wopambana, Michael Wamkulu, kachisi wa chipatala, akuluakulu akuluakulu aang'ono a Don Don wa Amayi a Mulungu, John Climacus, John Chrysostom, Tikhon wa Moscow ndi chipata cha Tikhvin chizindikiro cha Amayi a Mulungu.

Chofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya Don Don Icon ya Amayi a Mulungu

Nyumba ya Don inamangidwa polemekeza Theotokos. Ndi chithunzi chabwino kwambiri cha Don wa Mayi wa Mulungu yemwe ndi kachisi yemwe anapulumutsa Moscow ku nkhondo ya asilikali a Crimea ku Tatar mu ulamuliro wa Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich. Mu 1591, adani asanamenyane nawo, msonkhano unachitikira kuzungulira mzindawu ndi chizindikiro ichi, tsiku lotsatira asilikali a Russia anagonjetsa.

Chozizwitsa cha chithunzi cha Namwaliyo chikufotokozedwanso mu zochitika zakale zoyambirira. Kotero, mu 1552, Ivan the Terrible anapempherera kuti apempherere nkhondo ya Kazan.

Olemba mbiri ambiri amagwirizana ndi chithunzi ngakhale kupambana kwa Don Cossacks mu nkhondo ya Kulikovo mu 1380. Anali kumapeto kwa nkhondo imene Don of the Mother of God anabweretsedwa kwa asilikari ochokera mumzinda wa Sirotin, woperekedwa kwa kalonga wa Moscow Dmitry Ivanovich. Ndi amene adadalitsa asilikali ake kuti apambane.

Zosangalatsa

Zakale zoyambirira za zozizwitsa zodabwitsa zamasiku ano zimasungidwa mu Gallery Gallery ya Tretyakov.

Chithunzi cha Don cha amayi a Mulungu chiwiri. Maso a Amayi akuwonetsedwa ndi Yesu mu Chikhalidwe cha Chikondi.

Ndipo kumbali ina - Kutengera kwa Namwali.

Wolemba woona wa mafano oyera ndi wotsatira wa Theophanes the Greek. Ndipo ambiri amaganiza kuti chithunzichi ndi ntchito za mbuye wapamwamba kwambiri.

Chithunzi cha Don cha amayi a Mulungu sizisonyezero chabe za kupambana nkhondo, komanso ali ndi malo ochiritsira matenda ambiri, choncho amadziwika pakati pa zozizwitsa zodabwitsa.

Popeza chithunzi choyambirira chinapangidwa mndandanda wazinthu zambiri, zomwe zimawoneka bwino kwambiri kuposa zoyambirira. Chithunzi cha Don cha amayi a Mulungu (chithunzi pansipa) chikuwonetsedwa pa chikhalidwe cha golide, chofotokozedwa ndi kufunikira kwa fano ili kwa okhulupirira.

M'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chiwiri, kwa chithunzi chodabwitsa, mphoto yamtengo wapatali inapangidwira, imene idabvala. Koma ulemerero wokongola kwambiri unalandidwa ndi asilikali a Napoleon mu 1812.

Mbiri yakalekale ya amonke

Ntchito yomanga kachisiyo imakhala ndi zaka 1591 mpaka 1593. Anayamba ndi kumanga kampingo wamkulu. Mpingo wa Donskoy Chiwonetsero cha Amayi a Mulungu sichinali bwino, mawonekedwe ake anali ofanana ndi mipingo yosavuta ya nthawi imeneyo.

Panthawi ya ulamuliro wa Catherine ndiye ntchito yomanga kachisi watsopano ndi kumanganso nyumba zakale, kuzungulira nyumbayi mpanda wokongola kwambiri unayambira. Parishishi ya tchalitchi inayamba, yomwe inali ndi gawo lalikulu, kumene anali kugwira ntchito yolima. Ndilo zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri lomwe liri lovomerezeka kwambiri popanga chikhulupiliro chachikhristu, chimene mfumukazi adaiona bwino, panthawi yomwe ulamulirowo unkawoneka kuti ndi wolemera kwambiri ndipo unali wofunikira kwambiri mu mbiri yakale ndi ndale ya dzikoli.

Panthawi ya nkhondo ndi Napoleon, Kachisi wokongola kwambiri wa Donskoy Icon ya Mayi wa Mulungu anafunkhidwa ndi a French. Koma, ngakhale izi, makoma ake adapulumuka, moyo wa monastic mmenemo unali wotentha mpaka 1920. Pambuyo pake, poyamba nthawi yotsutsana ndi chipembedzo, nyumba ya amonke inatsekedwa kupembedza, zolemba zonse zofunika zidatumizidwa ku archive, ndipo nyumbayo inagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza zotsutsa zachipembedzo.

M'zaka za m'ma 90s mpingo unasamutsidwa kumayambiriro kwa Patriarchate wa Moscow ndipo tsopano ukugwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi ntchito yake ya Orthodox. Mpaka lero, chizindikiro cha Don cha amayi a Mulungu makamaka chimapembedzedwa pamaso pa Mulungu mu nyumba ya amonkeyi, yomangidwa mwa ulemu wake.

Zomangamanga zokongola

Kachisi wa Donskoy Chiwonetsero cha Amayi a Mulungu ali ndi mpanda wokongola wokhala ndi baroque ndi matabwa okongola ndi nsanja khumi ndi ziwiri zomwe zikuwonetsera chuma cha nyumba ya amonke. Great Don Cathedral ikuphedwa mu Chiyukireniya kalembedwe, kamvekedwe kanyumba kamene kamapangidwira pa zisankho zosagwirizana ndi zomangamanga. Koma tchalitchi chachikulucho ndi nyengo ya Mulunguunov, yomwe imadziwika ndi kukwera kwa dome la nyumbayo pazokomnik.

Zinyumba zonse za nyumbayi zinamangidwa pang'onopang'ono ndipo zimaphimba mbiri kuyambira mu 1591 mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka makumi awiri.

Chikhalidwe chachikristu cha amonke

Mfundo zazikulu zopatulika za kachisi ndi: Chithunzi cha Don cha Amayi a Mulungu ndi zolemba za St. Tikhon, Patriarch wa All Russia, omwe anapezeka mu 1992, pamene moto unazimitsidwa pambuyo pa chiwonongeko cha nyumba ya amonke.

Cholinga chamakono cha kachisi

Chifukwa cha maonekedwe achikhristu otere, okhulupirira a Orthodox samayiwala zozizwitsa za chizindikirocho kwa zaka mazana ambiri, kupembedza. Mu tchalitchi chachikulu chomwe chimakhazikitsidwa mu pemphero lake lolemekezeka nthawi zonse zimamveka, chizindikiro cha Don cha amayi a Mulungu ndi chizindikiro cha Mulungu cha mtendere pa dziko la Russia, chomwe lero chimatha kuteteza, kuchiritsa ndi kupereka mphamvu pazinthu zotsutsa zolinga zoipa.

Masiku ano, malo auzimu ndi maphunziro akukula m'madera a nyumba za amonke, ndikuphatikizapo ntchito zachikhristu monga Sande sukulu, gulu la achinyamata odzipereka, Donskoy club kwa okhulupirika, Orthodox maphunziro akuluakulu, ndi malo achikhristu omwe amapanga maulendo okawona malo Chigawo cha nyumba za amonke, kuphatikizapo maulendo akupita ku Russia ndi ku Ulaya.