Monga mphira kupanga isoprene

Pali ambiri wapadera mphira achilengedwe, ndi wina wa tonnage ndi imatengedwa isoprene mphira. Makampani umabala zosiyanasiyana mitundu ya mankhwala ndi katundu osiyana, ndi maganizo catalysts zimene ntchito - lifiyamu, zovuta, ndi zina zotero.

Kodi mphira

Ndi kupanga isoprene labala, stereoregulyaren ndi kulandira icho mu polymerization wa isoprene, anaikidwa sing'anga wa zosungunulira inert ndi chothandizira zovuta. Izi zachitika Mwachitsanzo, Masewerera a Ski-3. Polymerization wa isoprene mu njira ayenera kukhala mosalekeza, chifukwa chaichi pali mabatire anayi - polymerizers asanu amene utakhazikika brine.

The monomer mu osakaniza anaikira kwa khumi - peresenti fifitini, ndiye kutembenuka adzakhala yokwera nainte-faifi, ndipo omaliza kwa maola awiri kapena atatu pa kutentha kwa ziro kwa khumi madigiri Celsius. Ngati kuli kofunika kupeza mkulu isoprene labala, muyenera chiyero cha reagents ntchito polymerization, ndi digiri yapamwamba kwambiri.

Olimba ndi Kuyanika

Kuteteza polima kwa makutidwe ndi okosijeni, m'pofunika ziziyenda osakaniza kudzera neozona phenylenediamine ndi zimene ziyenera adalowa polima monga njira ndi amadzimadzi kapena kuyimitsidwa. Kupeza isoprene mphira ku polima monga crumb ndi, polima ayenera wothira nthunzi ndipo madzi ndi kufotokozanso zina zomwe kuteteza agglomeration (clumping). Pambuyo pa zimenezi n'kofunika kuyendetsa pa zosungunulira. Tsopano tili kugwira njira decontamination nyenyeswa wosiyana madzi ndi kuyanika mu makina hobbing ndi dryers lamba. Kumapeto kwa ndondomekoyi kupeza isoprene mphira tinganene kuti monga kulembedwa.

Tsopano tili pa zomera basi briquetting opanikizika. Brand Masewerera a Ski-3 - ndi kupanga isoprene labala, amene amapangidwa mu zidutswa za pogwiritsa makumi atatu lililonse. The preform ndi atakulungidwa mu filimu polyethylene ndi kuikidwa mu thumba zinayi wosanjikiza pepala. filimu ili yabwino ndithu kukonzedwa imodzi ndi nkhani, chomwe ndi mphira isoprene, katundu ndi kwathunthu kusakaniza kutentha zimathandiza polyethylene iodzafewa ndipo kusakaniza ndi zambiri mu chosakanizira cha.

kapangidwe

Aliyense mphira amene ali malonda zilipo, ali khalidwe yake ndi wapadera katundu yambiri. Mu ena rubbers wabwino mawotchi mphamvu, pamene ena - mankhwala kukana ndi mpweya chotchinga katundu, wachitatu saopa kusintha kutentha ndi zina zotero. Katundu wa munthu rubbers kupanga kuposa zachilengedwe m'njira zambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri. Only elasticity wa mphira zachilengedwe silinakwaniritsidwe kuposa, ndipo chuma chofunika kwambiri kuti zinthu monga matayala ndege kapena galimoto.

Pa ntchito, nthawi zonse ndi kupsyinjika lingamutsatire - ndi nkhawa ndiponso psinjika, zomwe zimabweretsa intermolecular mikangano, kutentha ndi imfa ya khalidwe. Ndiko, ndi apamwamba a elasticity wa mphira, ndi durability la mankhwala. Ndi chifukwa chake mphira zachilengedwe sanabadwe anatuluka nkhanizi, ndi kuti ntchito yopanga matayala ndi heavy-ntchito mkulu-liwiro ndege ndi magalimoto. Natural mphira - isoprene polima, nchifukwa chake ngati ntchito yaikulu asayansi ntchito kukhala analogue a zachilengedwe mphira isoprene.

chilinganizo

Resources mphira zachilengedwe kupanga bwinobwino. Normal opangidwa ku mphira chikhalidwe ali chilinganizo C ₅ H _8, monga kunapezeka, izo mwamtheradi zofanana maselo opangidwa isoprene kuti amapangidwa ndi Kutentha mphira, mu mankhwala a kuwonongeka ake. kumakhala kovuta kupeza mokwanira momwe angagulidwe. A mphira isoprene akamagwira polymerization anachita, ndipo pano izo ziri zofunika kumanga pa zotani. Polymerization amapezeka kwambiri: nCH ₂ = C (CH ₃₎ - CH = CH ₂ ----> (-CH ₂ - C (CH ₃₎ = CH - CH ₂₎ N.

The njira kwambiri zingamuthandize akadali ndondomeko ya othandizira dehydrogenation wa isopentane, amene anamasulidwa mpweya wa mafuta. Nkhani kuyambira kwa yokonza isoprene akhoza pentane: CH ₃ -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH _3, chifukwa ndi Kutentha ndi catalysts nawonso anatembenukira kwa isopentane. Pali njira polymerization zimene anachita kubala isoprene mphira kumangidwira kuti mphira analandira, ofanana kwambiri dongosolo ku zachilengedwe, motero kukhala ndi katundu kwambiri.

isoprene

Isoprene ndi hydrocarbon unsaturated a mndandanda diene. Ndi loopsali colorless madzi. A fungo chosiyana kwambiri. Isoprene mphira - monomer zachilengedwe monga ena mamolekyulu ake adalowa zina zambiri mankhwala achilengedwe - isoprenoids, terpenoids ndi zina zotero. The sungunuka organic solvents. Ndi Mowa, mwachitsanzo, akhoza kusakaniza mu chiŵerengero iliyonse. Koma madzi amasungunula bwino.

Koma ndipamene mosavuta ndi structural unit wa mphira isoprene ndi polymerization, chifukwa amene analandira isoprene jombo ndi gutta percha. Isoprene iwonso kulowa anasiyana mu copolymerization lapansi. Makampani, ndi yofunika, kuyambira kumachitika kudzera kaphatikizidwe rubbers, kukonzekera mankhwala komanso ngakhale ena zinthu odoriferous. Mu dziko lathu, kupanga labala kupanga isoprene kusiyana kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo pafupifupi twente-foro peresenti ya ulimi padziko lonse.

nkhani

Origin isoprene chinapezeka 1860 godu pyrolysis wa mphira achilengedwe. pyrolysis - ndi ikukhudzana (mkulu kutentha), kukula kwa mankhwala ambiri zochita kupanga ndi organic mu zikhalidwe za kuperewera kwa mpweya. Kenako anapanga nyali isoprene - magetsi, ndi koyilo mkangano, amene thermally linakwiriridwa mu turpentine Laboratories mafuta.

Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse anabweretsa kufunika kwakukulu isoprene rubbers, isoprene choncho anaphunzira kuti padziko lonse mafakitale ndi pyrolysis limonene. Komabe, isoprene anali okwera mtengo kwambiri kwa kuŵeta wa mphira kupanga. zinthu zinasintha pamene anapezeka njira yopangira izo kwa mafuta. Ndiye ife anachuluka zatsopano polymerization isoprene.

Udindo mu chuma

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pokonzekera kupanga mankhwala monga mphira isoprene, - kusankha lamanja la malo, chifukwa m'pofunika kupulumutsa timene kulekana _kwa C ₅ kopita wa makampani akuluakulu kuti kuchititsa akulimbana. Kufunika chiwiri kwa yaikulu - kusunga mu malo mapulani yobwezeretsanso ndi hydrocarbon sanaphedwe C ₅ nusu.

Ndi nineties oyambirira zaka mazana makumi awiri, Europe Western opangidwa za eyite-faifi zikwi matani diene _5, amene matani makumi anayi chikwi dimerized cyclopentadiene ndi matani zikwi makumi atatu - isoprene. Ena - zikwi khumi ndi zisanu matani - anali piperylenes. Patapita zaka khumi, buku lonse kupanga isoprene kuchuluka matani mazana asanu ndi zikwi makumi asanu pa chaka.

katundu

M'mikhalidwe muyezo isoprene, monga zanenedwa - ndi loopsali, colorless madzi, mu madzi pafupifupi insoluble, koma osokonezeka mu chiŵerengero aliyense ndi ethyl mowa, ndi miyeso yolinganizira, benzene, acetone. Isoprene amatha kupanga zosakaniza azeotropic ndi osiyanasiyana mankhwala osiyana organic. Mukamakambirana deta spectroscopic maphunziro zikuonekeratu kuti madigiri ngakhale pa makumi asanu Celsius ambiri a tinthu isoprene amatenga khola m-Trans-conformation peresenti khumi okha a mamolekyulu ali mu m-CIS conformation. Pakati limati izi wofanana ndi kusiyana mphamvu ya 6.3 KJ.

The katundu mankhwala ndi isoprene monga mmene conjugate diene amene amalowa zochita M'MALO, Komanso, chelation, cyclization telomerization. Yogwira zochita ndi electrophiles ndi dienophiles.

ntchito

Chochuluka isoprene, amene amapangidwa pa nthawiyo, ntchito mu kaphatikizidwe wa mphira isoprene, ofanana mu kapangidwe ndi katundu wa mphira achilengedwe. Izo ntchito makamaka bwino kwa kupanga matayala. More mankhwala alipo ena polymerization isoprene - polyisoprene kuti amagwiritsa kwambiri zochepa, popeza ali katundu wa gutta-percha. Kwa izo anapangidwa Mwachitsanzo, kutchinjiriza kwa mawaya ndi mipira gofu. Isoprene mphira ntchito yopanga mitundu yonse ya mankhwala labala, pamene mitundu achilengedwe ndipo ena rubbers kupanga.

Mwachitsanzo, kuchepetsa stickiness anawonjezera methylstyrene-butadiene rubbers, kupatula bwino kutopa kupirira, ngati mapindikidwe angapo. Nitrites akuwonjezeka kukana Mpweya umene ndi kukana kukalamba kutenthetsa. Choncho, kutsatira mndandanda wa katundu luso rubbers isoprene mwangwiro zimapezeka ntchito malamba conveyor, kapena hoses suction, ndi moyang'ana migodi makina, mu kupanga nsapato, mankhwala ndi zina.

Zoopsa Environmental

Isoprene mosavuta kuyaka moto ndi uyatsa. Mu woipa mkulu mu thupi kungayambitse ziwalo ndi imfa. Izi makamaka limapezeka pa machulukitsidwe mumlengalenga, ndipo potero amapita ku kagayidwe a dongosolo kupuma pamene isoprene ndi kutembenukira ku epoxides ndi diols.

Mkulu ndende amati mamiligalamu makumi pa mita kiyubiki - ndi malire mlingo. magawanidwe ka isoprene mu mlengalenga zikhoza kukhala pa munthu anakhudzidwa chomwa mankhwalawa, chifukwa mkwiyo wa m'maso, khungu, kapepala kupuma ndipo zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana mucous.

zamoyo

asayansi amakono apeza kuti nthunzi isoprene anamasulidwa mu mlengalenga pafupifupi onse zomera. The padziko lonse buku phytogenic isoprene ayesedwa mu pafupifupi ^_(180-450). December ¹⁰ magalamu mpweya pa chaka. Zimenezi inapita patsogolo ngati kutentha mpweya pafupi madigiri makumi atatu Celsius, ndipo ngati ndi mkulu mwamphamvu cheza dzuwa pamene dzuwa ladzala kwathunthu. Isoprene biosynthesis imathetsa fosmidomycin ndi kugwirizana angapo a statins. Kodi zomera kuchita izi - si bwino. Mwina isoprene limawapatsa bata owonjezera kutenthedwa. Komanso, ndi kwakukulu okwaniritsa njira akhoza kuteteza zomera ndi zamoyo yogwira mpweya, ndi Mpweya umene kukhudzana.

Komanso, asayansi amanena kuti isoprene kaphatikizidwe chimatichimwitsa zonse amathera NADPH ndi ATP mamolekyulu kuti mwayamba kugwa zomera pa dzuwa. Choncho, kudzipatula isoprene amateteza kuwonongeka photooxidative ndi perevosstanovleniya ngati zounikira kwambiri. The sangathe mu izi limagwirira chitetezo angakhale mpweya umene atamupopa ndi amenewa amavutika ndi ndondomeko ya photosynthesis, yaikulu pa Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa isoprene. Zomera, asayansi sanaletse ndipo tinapeza kuti thupi komanso kubala chimasanduka diene, isoprene, ndi mwa iwo ambiri.