Maso mbali: kodi kusiyana wamba?

Mu zamoyo wa nyama zina amaoneka zida chipangizo ndithu kuwala. Ndithu zikuphatikizapo diso mbali. Zinapangidwa tizilombo ndiponso nkhanu, ena arthropods ndi invertebrates. Kodi osiyana ndi maso yosavuta mbali, ali mbali yake yaikulu chiyani? Timanena za mu zinthu masiku ano.

maso mbali

Dongosolo kuwala, kuyang'ana, pamene palibe diso limodzi. Ndipo zolandilira onse amaphatikiza retinula yaing'ono (s), n'kupanga wosanjikiza otukukira kunja munali palibe mathero zambiri mitsempha. Choncho, diso lopangidwa ndi kuchuluka mayunitsi payekha - ommatidium, merging mu akukhudzidwira dongosolo view.

Maso mbali chibadidwe kwa Mwachitsanzo, tizilombo, wosiyana binocular (chibadidwe kuphatikizapo munthu) osauka tanthauzo la mfundo zabwino. Koma amatha kusiyanitsa pakati pa oscillation kuwala (300 Hz) pamene anthu kuchepetsa mwayi - 50 Hz. Kakhungu wa mtundu uwu akadali diso lili dongosolo tubular. Polingalira za maso ichi m'zigawozigawo alibe makhalidwe a refraction monga patali zokha kapena patali, sichiri kuti mfundo malawi.

Ena mbali ya kapangidwe ndi masomphenya

Ambiri tizilombo ziwalo masomphenya zimakhala mbali yaikulu ya mutu, ndi mfundo chete. Mwachitsanzo, mu diso mbali atombolombo zigwirizana particles 30,000, kupanga dongosolo zovuta. Agulugufe - 17,000 ommatidia, ntchentche - 4000, ku njuchi - 5. Chiwerengero wotsikitsitsa particles a mmisiri wa nyerere - zidutswa 100.

Binocular kapena mbali?

The yoyamba view zimathandiza kuona buku la zinthu, mfundo awo ang'ono, kuwunika mtunda zinthu ndi makonzedwe awo, poyerekezera ndi mzake. Komabe, stereopsis anthu okha mopendekeka ndi madigiri 45. Ngati mukufuna mwachidule kokwanira kwambiri za kayendedwe mwana wa diso kumapitiriza mlingo reflex (kapena ife mutu wake padziko olamulira a). maso pawiri mu mawonekedwe a hemispheres ndi ommatidia tiyeni mukuona zenizeni ozungulira kuchokera kumbali zonse, popanda kusuntha maso anu kapena mutu. Ndipo fano limene akudutsa ndi diso, mofanana ndi jigsaw chithunzi: ndi structural unit wa chinthu limodzi adazindikira mwa diso, ndi limodzi ali ndi udindo kwa kukonzanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa cithunzithunzi zonse.

mitundu

Ommatidia Mbali anatomical, chifukwa yosiyana ndi katundu wawo kuwala (mwachitsanzo, osiyana tizilombo). Asayansi chimatanthauza zitatu mbali:

1. Apposition. Osiyanasiyana pawiri maso ndi tizilombo masana. The pigment opanda katundu mandala nawo mbali - particles kuti ali pafupi. Ndipo zolandilira diso likhoza kuona kuwala kuchokera olamulira imodzimodzi ndi ommatidium lapansi.
2. Optikosuperpozitsionnye. Osiyanasiyana pawiri maso ndi ena nkhanu, komanso tizilombo nocturnal ndipo crepuscular. The pigment ali diso, alternately cholekanitsa ommatidia zikusuntha, amene kumawonjezera tilinazo ziwalo masomphenya pa zinthu otsika kuwala.
3. Neyrosuperpozitsionnye. ommatidia zosiyanasiyana mwachidule chizindikiro akubwera kuchokera mfundo imodzi mu mlengalenga.

Mwa njira, mitundu ina tizilombo ndi mtundu losakanizika matupi mbali, ndi ambiri koma tiganizire, palinso maso yosavuta. Choncho, ntchentche Mwachitsanzo, mbali ya mutu imakonzedwa wophatikizidwa akuluakulu mbali lalikulu ndithu. Ndipo pamwamba pa mutu, pali maso atatu yosavuta, pogwira ntchito wothandiza. Bungwe lomweli ndi matupi a njuchi - kuti zinthu zonse maso asanu!

Ena maso nkhanu pawiri ngati atakhala pa makina outgrowths-mapesi.

Ndipo ena achule ndi nsomba alinso ndi zina (parietal) Diso lomwe chimasiyanitsa kuwala, koma makutu nkhani. Retin tichipeza yekha maselo maselo.

Modern chitukuko sayansi

Posachedwapa, faceted maso - ndi phunziro la ndi kusirira kwa masikolala. Pajatu matupi lingaliro, chifukwa cha dongosolo wapachiyambi, kupereka pansi zoyambitsidwa sayansi ndi explorations mu dziko la Optics ano. Ubwino waukulu - mudziwe yotakata danga, chitukuko cha veneers yokumba, ntchito makamaka kakang'ono, yaying'ono, kachitidwe covert anaziika.