Momordica: kulima ndi kusamalira panyumba, zithunzi

Zosowa ndi zapadera monga maginito Chimakopa wamaluwa, alimi ndi alimi. Chinanazi, kokonati, lalanje ndi mandimu mitengo - zonsezi wakhala paliponse m'nyumba zathu ndi nyumba. Koma, khulupirira Ine, dziko la zomera simutopa potidabwitsa ife. Samalani mpesa otentha ndi dzina zachilendo "Momordica". Kukula mu nyumba ya zosowa N'kutheka zoona, ndipo mukhoza kupeza zipatso chodabwitsa ndi edible. Werengani nkhani imene mukufuna ichi.

mtundu

Mutu wakuti "Momordica" amaphatikizidwa ndi mtundu wa zomera a Cucurbitaceae banja ndi zikuphatikizapo za 20 mitundu. Onsewo ndi osatha ndi pachaka otentha mpesa womera mu Nkhalango ya Australia, Africa ndi Asia. Nakulitsa ndipo ankagwiritsa ntchito ankaona mitundu iwiri: Momordica charantia ndi Cochin China.

Momordica charantia

Wapachaka mpesa mbadwa kwa nkhalango zotentha za Asia. Izo nakulitsa lonse m'madera nyengo otentha. Chomera akula mamita 4 m'litali, ali 5 amaganiza wakuda tsinde ndi cirri yosavuta grooves kotenga. Masamba mawonekedwe kukongoletsa, adzakhale kwambiri kuligaŵa pa kutalika petiole cm 1 mpaka 7, maluwa chikasu, ndi zisanu petal. zosiyanasiyana zipatso ndi akhakula pamwamba, njerewere ndi makwinya - ndi chinachake chimene ofunika momordica. kunyumba Kukula kwa mbewu n'zotheka ndi chilengedwe cha zinthu ziwiri zikuluzikulu - kuyatsa wabwino ndi kutentha.

zipatso kulawa zowawa. Kuchotsa izo, iwo madzi okhaokha kwa maola ochepa mu mchere madzi. Kenako, masamba mphodza, yophika ndi zam'chitini. Iwo ali ndi makhalidwe apadera. Mwachitsanzo, beta-carotene mu Momordica 2 maulendo burokoli.

Momordica Cochin China

Mu Vietnam, limatchedwanso "mbedza". Pachaka kukwera zomera ndi masamba atatu osiyana ndi lalikulu zipatso ellipsoid mawonekedwe. Ndi mwakhama ntchito mankhwala kum'maŵa chifukwa zili mkulu wa zinthu zosiyanasiyana: carotene, glycosides, lycopene, sapotoksina, tocopherol, n'kofunika mafuta zidulo. Ndi nthawi 15 more beta-carotene kuposa kaloti wamba. Iwo M'madera kum'mwera pa ndime ndi view m'mbuyomu.

momordika kukula chofanana ku zachilengedwe, zinthu zambiri mosavuta kulengedwanso mu chipinda, pa khonde, pa bwalo, mu inali, ndipo ngakhale pansi lotseguka (m'madera kum'mwera). Kuwonjezera ubwino zipatso, inunso kupeza zosangalatsa zokongoletsa ku mpesa wokongola masamba lalikulu ndi maluwa onunkhira.

Kukula zomera zosowa si monga zovuta monga Zingaoneke koyamba, makina ulimi mu nkhani iyi ndi zofanana kwambiri ndi wachibale wake pafupi - ndi dzungu ndi zukini. Pakali pano, pali mfundo zingapo zimene muyenera tcheru.

chithandizo mbewu

Quality kubzala zinthu amapanga odalirika - izi ndi pamene tiyenera kuyamba, mwinamwake akhoza kukula pambuyo kudikira nthawi yaitali osati momordica. Kulima ndi kusamalira kunyumba akuyamba ndi kukonzekera ndi seeding. Amasiyana kukula mokwanira lalikulu (1.1-1.5 masentimita m'litali ndi 1 cm mulifupu) ndi wandiweyani wandiweyani chipolopolo. Fomu mbewu ploskookrugloy m'mbali losongoka ndi pamalo akhakula. Kuti zimere bwino imafunika scarification, i.e. kuonongeka okhwima kunja chipolopolo umakaniko. Pakuti ichi nib mbewu pakani sandpaper, kotero kuti madzi atagonjetsa mkati mofulumira ndipo momasuka anatsegula.

Ndiye, zilowerere nkhani kubzala ofiirira yankho la permanganate potaziyamu kwa maola 3-4. Izi osati ukuchiza, komanso kumapangitsa munthu kumera ndi chitukuko. Pambuyo kukonzekera lonyowa (yabwino ntchito chidebe ndi chivindikiro, monga, mwachitsanzo, keke) utuchi ndi malo mwa iwo mbewu atakulungidwa mu nsalu. Kutenga malo otentha (+24 ... + 25 ° C) mpaka kumera. zinthu izi zimathandiza kuti pafupifupi 100% kumera. Momordica (kulima ndi kukonza tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane hereinafter) hatches m'njira zosiyanasiyana, koma pafupifupi masiku 2-3.

kukula mbande

Pamene mbewu zimaswa, nthawi yomweyo ayenera atsanulidwe osakaniza okonzeka nthaka. Ndi bwino ntchito miphika osiyana ndi awiri a za 10 cm. Lembani ndi dothi ku sitolo (mungagwiritse ntchito yapadera kubzala) kapena chisanadze anakonza paokha. Kuti mix izi mogwirizana 1: 1: 1: 0,5 pepala lapansi, peat, humus ndi mchenga motero. akuya seeding -. 1.5 masentimita The chisanadze kutsanulira nthaka, anawaika m'mphepete, ndiye kuwaza panthaka youma. Top miphika pafupi pulasitiki ndi kuika mu malo otentha. Kudzatenga masiku 3-4 kuti momordica utakula. Kukula ndi kusamalira mbewu mu mosavuta m'tsogolo.

nthaka ayenera anakhalabe mu boma yonyowa, koma kudzaza. Chipinda chitukuko wathunthu kukhala pa kutentha osachepera +20 ° C. Nthawi (2 nthawi mwezi) mbande ukala ndi njira ya mchere ndi mankhwala organic nayenso. Musaiwale kuti pa kukula kwa feteleza mitengo ntchito mipesa zinthu chipinda muyenera kuwerengera malinga ndi buku la chikomokere zadothi. Tsatirani mlingo ndendende, mukatero ungapsereze mizu.

Momordica: kulima ndi kusamalira kunyumba

Change kwa mphika mmera akulimbikitsidwa nthawi akafika msinkhu wa masentimita 25. Konzani mphamvu zazikulu ndi kumuika Momordica. Nthawi yomweyo kusamalira malo okhazikika iye mu nyumba kapena pa khonde. Dziwani kuti chomera salola mthunzi, koma dzuwa ndi kuwala. Konzani trellis ndi kuthandiza mipesa. Ndi chitukuko moyenera komanso kukula kwa Mwachitsanzo limodzi angathe kuluka polbalkona osachepera.

Ngati cholinga chanu - kupeza mbewu, ndiye thicken korona sayenera. Kwa mlingo wa masentimita 50 kuchotsa mphukira onse mbali, kenako kusiya tsinde waukulu 2-3. Mwamsanga pamene iwo anayamba kukhazikitsa zipatso, nsonga ayenera prischipnut (by fanizo kulima dzungu pa). Maluwa pa mpesa ndi amuna ndi akazi, choncho mapangidwe n'kuwasanganiza pamafunika kubereketsa zomera. M'mikhalidwe zachilengedwe, ntchito imeneyi imagwiridwa nyerere mungu yokumba ayenera anasamutsidwa ndi burashi. Kuthirira m'masiku otentha ndi wowolowa manja tsiku, pa tsiku mitambo - akamavutika.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

Ndi nkhaka ndi ngakhale mavwende momordica (kulima ndi kukonza chithunzi cha lemba) ndi ofanana nawo m'njira zambiri. Kuphatikizapo kukhudzana ndi matenda ena ndi tizirombo, akuti: powdery cinoni, zowola woyera, bakiteriya choipitsa ndi nsabwe. Chifukwa nthawi zambiri mpweya kouma. zomera dziko - ndi kotentha, pamene kutentha yozungulira pamodzi mumlengalenga chinyezi mkulu. Choncho, zomera ndi sprayed nthawi zonse usiku kapena m'mamawa, kuvala khonde la chidebe ndi madzi, amene pang'onopang'ono adzakhala asamasanduke nthunzi. Chifukwa china - ndi alili kutentha kukuletsa, yesetsani kukhala ndi tsiku pafupifupi phindu +20 ... + 25 ° C, kutentha m'munsimu 10 ° C kwa momordika zayamba zimawononga.

Mankhwala processing ntchito mofanana nkhaka: "topazi", "Quadris", "EDC", "Tiovit ndege" ndi ena.

Kololani ndi ntchito zake

Momordica, kulima ndi kusamalira omwe si choncho zovuta amapereka chodabwitsa zipatso monga mwa mawonekedwe ndi mtundu, ndi kukoma. Sungani awo analimbikitsa masiku 8-10 pambuyo zikamera, pa nthawi imeneyi mulibe kuwawa khalidwe. Komanso kumapangitsa mapangidwe zina za mazira. zipatso zambiri imafoola chomera. Kololani zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa nzeru zake - kuphika, mphodza, nkhaka. mwakonda kukoma osiyana, koma pali lingaliro limenelo limatikumbutsa zosowa marrows masamba.

Zipatso ankagwiritsa ntchito makamaka mankhwala Sino-Chitibeta wowerengeka kuchitira osiyanasiyana matenda: matenda a mtima, zilonda, zilonda, matenda a shuga, kuchepetsa mafuta m'thupi ndi zina zotero ..

Momordica: kulima ndi kusamalira Urals ndi

Funso ngati n'zotheka kukula ngati zosowa mu zone pakati ndi Urals, si zachilendo kwambiri. Poganizira njira pamwambapa amafotokozedwa kunyumba, ndiye, mfundo, ndi zogwirizana zone iliyonse nyengo, anapereka kufalikira kutentha ndi kuwala. Komabe, monga mchitidwe ndipo zinachitikira alimi, Momordica mu Urals akhoza chakula zakutchire kapena greenhouses.

Ndi ntchito yokhayo mmera njira. Zomera lotseguka pansi ookedwa pa mtunda wa 50-70 masentimita Chrixitu pamene anakhazikitsa usiku ofunda (osachepera 15 ... + 17 ° C). chisamaliro Komanso kumafuna kwambiri kumasula, zingwe kwa trellis ndi wokhazikika kutsirira zambiri.