M'nyanja - ndichiyani? Chotchinga, m'madzi matanthwe

Iwo amatchedwa oases pa nyanja, ndipo palibe m'dzikoli kupikisana nawo kukongola. Iwo - chinthu chamtengo wapatali maloto aliyense wokonda kusambira pansi pamadzi, ndi zambiri - kunyumba ambiri nsomba ... M'nkhaniyi, ife kukambirana wina wa zolengedwa zodabwitsa kwambiri za chilengedwe - pa miyala ya.

Meaning ndi tanthauzo

M'nyanja - ndichiyani? Ndi mawu Dutch "m'madzi" likumasuliridwa kuti "nthiti". Poyamba, mawu amenewa ntchito malo ndi oceanographers kutanthauza yopapatiza miyala mtunda, woopsawo kwa kutumiza. Today am'nyanja otchedwa matanthwe-algal makamaka maphunziro pansi pa nyanja. Akhale masanjidwe zosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe, ndi malo osiyana Mbali. Koma "zomangira" chifukwa am'nyanja akhoza kutumikira osati miyala yamtengo wapatali.

Mitundu am'nyanja

Malinga ndi dongosolo la chilengedwe ali miyala, iwo anawagawa mitundu yambiri.

Mwachitsanzo, m'madzi miyala anapanga chifukwa chiwonongeko cha gombe miyala kapena pansi. Izi chodabwitsa zachilengedwe zingaoneke gombe la Canada. M'madera ena a Scotland madzi akupezeka miyala ndi nyongolotsi chubu. Komabe nthawi zina "" Nthano ya chozizwitsa cha chilengedwe ndi nkhono ndi bryozoans. Nthawi zina mukhoza inadza chotchinga m'madzi udzu nyanja. Nthawi zina maziko chilengedwe chake ndi thonje. m'madzi ichi, motero, wotchedwa chinkhupule, ndipo ngati "Musiyeni" wa cyanobacteria, mapangidwe otchedwa zinazake. Ndipo potsiriza, umatchedwa am'nyanja yokumba, ndizo zotsatira za ntchito anthu.

Koma onse zinthuzo mu chikhalidwe n'zochepa kwambiri. Ambiri am'nyanja pulanetiyo - mankhwala a moyo matanthwe.

Miyala am'nyanja - ndichiyani?

M'madzi kapena pang'ono inali pamwamba pa miyala mapangidwe, zomwe zitsulo mfundo tizilombo ting'onoting'ono njuchi ndipo anasankha algae mitundu otchedwa am'nyanja.

Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono ndi gulu la invertebrates m'madzi. Iwo amakhala mu madzi ochepa ofunda a kotentha. Pamene njuchi ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono matanthwe kufa, komabe kwambiri mafupa. Ndipo kuchokera pamwamba kuthetsa ana a womwalirayo, omwe pamapeto pake kudzaza "ochepa" mtembo wake. Ndi zina zotero, malonda infinitum. Iwo likukhalira kuti m'madzi matanthwe - palibe kanthu ngati misa wambiri, wopangidwa mwa ambiri tizilombo ting'onoting'ono moyo ndi akufa.

Komabe, aliyense matanthwe abwino monga kumanga mfundo m'madzi, ndi yekhayo amene akhoza kuyamwa kashiamu carbonate madzi nyanja. kashiamu kuti ndi udindo mapangidwe mafupa a. Ndiyeno iwowa, nayenso, ndiye wobwezera maziko formations matanthwe.

Akatswiri a sayansi amanena kuti luso kuyamwa kashiamu ndi udindo unicellular algae alipo mu thupi la polyp lapansi. Ngati chinthu ichi palibe, ndi matanthwe sadzatha nawo chilengedwe cha m'madzi a.

Ngale akhoza kukhala zosiyanasiyana akalumikidzidwa zapamwamba, monga kasinthidwe popangidwa ndi iwo. Koma kukula kwa zimphona weniweni kukula pa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri. Ndipo nthawi zina zosamvetsetseka "zingwe" angabweretse pansi am'nyanja nyanja, amene ali ovuta n'komwe. Iwo okha ayenera kuona ndi maso ake.

Kodi "lapansi" miyala ndi matanthwe

Photos Tingaone nkhani. Imodzi mwa mbali ya moti matanthwe ndi thermophilic awo. Iwo - kapangidwe zosalimba, madzi ozizira ndi amenewa mkulu kapena otsika, komanso kuchepa kwa dzuwa zimathandiza kuti chiwonongeko mofulumira. Choncho, bwaloli chachikulu okhalamo iwo kusankha ofunda ndi omasuka nyanja kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, amene anasonkhana pafupifupi 45% ya dziko "chopereka". 18% am'nyanja "moyo" mu Pacific, 17% - mu Indian, 14% - mu Atlantic, ndipo 6% - pa Nyanja Yofiira.

Koma pali kuchotserapo. Maphunziro kudziwika njuchi am'nyanja amene amakhala madzi ozizira. Iwo atabalalika padziko lonse ndipo zimayambitsa m'madzi akuya (za kilometre a). Ichi ndi chinthu china mbali awo zimasiyanitsa, chifukwa miyala sangakhale ndi vuto "yozizira kusambira", amasankha kukhala moyo osaya. Malo okwana nkhokwe ya chodabwitsa awa maofesi m'madzi a dziko ndi za miliyoni 27 makilomita lalikulu.

Chiwerengero cha Miyala Castle

M'chipululu oases am'nyanja m'madzi matanthwe amatchedwa ayi, koma chifukwa m'matangadza olemera nsomba zokhala ndi "Nyumbayi wokongola". Anabwerera kuno, kumene, osati kukongola kwa chilengedwe, ndi chakudya zokoma mu mawonekedwe a tizilombo ting'onoting'ono. Choncho, nyumba akadali nsomba ndi chakudya.

Aliyense wa m'madzi pali mazana a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba. Iwo amakhala ang'onoang'ono ndi yowala kwambiri. Red, chakupha wachikasu, zobiriwira, wofiirira, wakuda ... nthawi zonse melteshenie awa "nyali" padziko thupi m'madzi amalenga chithunzi yosatheka kuneneka.

Chidwi ndi mamba. Kwa zikwi 20 nsomba Bony pafupifupi hafu ya dziko amakhala moti matanthwe. Kuwonjezera nsomba lili nambala yaikulu mphutsi, molluscs, thonje, nkhanu ndi algae.

Mitundu ya moti matanthwe

Malinga malo kusiyanitsa mitundu yambiri yaikulu ya moti matanthwe:

• M'mphepete mwa nyanja (kapena fringing) am'nyanja alalikire chilumba mphete ndipo ili mu madzi ochepa. Iwo akuyimira yopapatiza bwalo limene limayamba komanso limatha pagombe kutali, mu madzi.
• am'nyanja chotchinga zambiri sangamuthandize mwanyanja ndi wosiyana izo ndi maganizo kwambiri.
• M'madzi m'madzi kwathunthu zobisika pansi pa madzi. Palibe uchastochek ake pamwamba pa nyanja. masanjidwe amatchedwa zilumba zimenezi zili.

Yaikulu chotchinga m'madzi mu dziko

Yotchuka kwambiri ndi chachikulu chotchinga m'madzi mu dziko imatengedwa kuti ndi Australia. Iwo lili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa madera ozungulira Africa izi, ndipo akutambasula pamodzi Queensland, kuphimba pafupifupi 435 makilomita lalikulu. Pa malo ngati amenewa moti ankatha zombo za mayiko onse padziko lapansi, ndipo komabe chikhalebe malo dziko laling'ono.

Izi chisokonezeko chachikulu cha ngale zokongola anayamba kupanga zaka 18 miliyoni zapitazo, ndipo umenewu nthawi yaitali kuti kukula sikunachitekepo kuti tisangalatse konse ambiri okonda pamadzi. The Great Barrier Reef wapangidwa lalikulu zambiri ndi zazing'ono, mu mawonekedwe a zilumba wapadera. Iwo Tingaone ngakhale malo!

chuma Miyala ya ku Nyanja Yofiira

Siyense wapaulendo angakwanitse kupita ku amasirira m'madzi mu Australia. Koma pali zina zazikulu - Egypt. Red Sea osaneneka chuma ndi chidwi chifukwa mamiliyoni alendo amakopeka chaka.

moti matanthwe ku Egypt yodziwika ndi kuchuluka awo ndi matsenga pinki ndi mitundu buluu. Komanso, iwo ndi maginito moyo m'madzi. Amira pansi, mukhoza kuona kuti nyumba zokongola zamoyo, komanso nambala yaikulu nsomba osowa. Dolphins zosewera mu osaya, ndi gombe kwenikweni chosaneneka akamba kupumula. Nawonso, monga malo kuno pobwezera "kuitana kwa matanthwe a."

M'nkhaniyi, ife ndife osiyana kukula ndi mawonekedwe miyala kuti am'nyanja amenewa ndi chiyani chithumwa awo. Anafotokoza mitundu awo onse. Amasirira m'madzi, zithunzi zomwe ife azipereka, komanso n'zotheka m'nkhani ino. Apanso ife kukumbutsa kuti mitundu matanthwe ndi ambiri. Choncho, pamene ikuchitika pa miyala, mu 90% milandu ndi chifukwa matanthwe chabe. Mungathe kuona zithunzi, ichi ndi pamaso moona zedi. Lero, moti matanthwe amaonedwa kukhala pafupifupi cimodzi za zozizwa za mdziko.