Shark - ndi nsomba kapena nyama? Dzina la nsombazo. Katran - chithunzi

ogwirira nsomba, woopsa ndi mwamakani okhala pa nyanja, ndi wodziwika nyama wamkulu - Shark. Choncho amaganiza, ndipo akukhulupirira ndi anthu mamiliyoni ambiri, akumapeza kudziwa za timeneti lapadera Hollywood yonthunthumilitsa-mantha nkhani. Ife tikuyang'ana pa zimene tikudziwa timeneti chodabwitsa kuti anaonekera kale kwambiri kuposa m'mitundu yonse ya dzikoli ndipo mwangwiro ndinazolowera moyo wamakono. Kodi Nsombayo? Izi ndi nsomba kapena nyama?

nsomba chodabwitsa

Zonse za sayansi ndi mainsaikulopediya amanena kuti nsombazo - .. Cartilaginous nsomba, mwachitsanzo mu thupi iwo alibiretu minofu fupa kuti ndi mochititsa osiyana ndi anzawo ano malo okhala. Pamodzi ndi pakalibe chimakwirira gill ndi mbali structural la m'miyeso, chichereŵechereŵe Ostyak amasonyeza mtundu wosazindikira a bungwe, koma pa chiyambi chake wakale: amadziwika kuti zaka 400 miliyoni zapitazo, nsomba izi tidapita nyanja dziko. Ngakhale izi, Nsombayi ndi imodzi mwa mitundu zotsogola nsomba zolusa nyanja. Kwa nthawi yaitali kusinthasintha kwa chilengedwe zikusintha, iwo ali mwangwiro ndinazolowera ndipo tsopano mogwirizana ndi nsomba amakono Bony ndi nyama za m'madzi, si wolephera iwo kaya liwiro kapena dexterity kapena luso kusaka. Mndandanda wa nsombazi mitundu yoposa 400, kumalo ozizira amasiyana madzi abwino kwambiri, sadzachitanso kukula kwa 17-20 cm, kwa Giant - Shaki, chachikulu 20-mita Mipikisano matani nyama.

An kusiyana zofunika ku nsomba Bony ali ndi mmene kubereka. Mitundu ina kwa nsombazo - viviparous, ie, kubereka moyo wamng'ono ... Ena kuikira mazira, kutetezedwa ndi diso lakuda. Si onse zinsinsi za miyoyo yawo lotseguka: pali mitundu zinsinsi kubalana a ana amene adakali chosamvetsetseka. Choncho, nthawi zambiri funso n'lakuti: "? Shark - ndi nsomba kapena nyama"

Features mtundu

Cartilaginous mafupa ndi kupanda fupa - mbali yaikulu ya ubale wa nsomba ku gulu la ziweto, bungwe achikale. Koma, monga tanenera pamwambapa, izi samaletsa nsombazi anthu pafupifupi nyanja zonse za padziko lapansi, kalekale ulemerero wa chilombo kwambiri mwamakani ndipo oopsa. Komanso chikhalidwe watenga chisamaliro kuteteza ziweto lodabwitsa. Ndi zovuta kupeza kanthu kena koti kuteteza, kuposa lonse, amene ali ndi nsombazi. Ili pa mutu mchira, zowawa, izo akufanana bafuta ❖ kuyanika, koma si kofunika dzanja ndi zosiyana - kuchokera mchira mutu: vopyutsya mano lakuthwa mu khungu. Coarse sandpaper poyerekeza ndi chitetezo langwiro - ndi kukomoka chofanana.

Taonani mamba chipangizo. Aliyense lonse ali okonzeka ndi yaing'ono cartilaginous nsomba AD rearward kwenikweni. Top TACHIMATA wosanjikiza kukwera enamel yokhalitsa, ndipo maziko ake kuwonjezera spliced ndi khungu la nsomba. The outgrowth wa M'mimbamo ili lili Mitsempha ndi nthambi mitsempha. Ukulu Mamba thupi la nsomba zosiyana: mutu ndi yaikulu, pakamwa nsombazi spines, angapo losandulizika, salinso otetezeka chifukwa cha khungu ndi kukhala lakuthwa ndi woopsa kwambiri kuukira chida - mano zazikulu.

Chida chachikulu

Pamene mamba kusinthidwa, mano nsombazi imakonzedwa mu movutikira okhwima mu mizere angapo. Pa moyo wa mano chilombo kukula zonse, ndi kumva kuwawa mzere umodzi kumera latsopano ili kuya patsekeke. Kutumikira mano nsombazi kuti kutafuna chakudya. Kuchita izi, iye sangathe. cholinga chawo chachikulu - kugwira nyama, ulikolowole zidutswa, kumeza popanda chopinga. mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsombazo mawonekedwe osiyana mano, amene malinga ndi peculiarities wa moyo. Pansi kudya nkhanu zikakhala ndi chipolopolo wolimba ndi mano lathyathyathya ribbed pamwamba angathe wosweka laimu chitetezo. Nsomba ogwirira Mano yaitali lakuthwa chithunzithunzi kusuntha kupanga kapena lonse ndi m'mphepete serrated, anafuna kukhadzula nyama zikuluzikulu nsembe. Mu nsombazo planktonic muyenera kulipira dzino pali pang'ono, iwo ndi mitundu awa ochepa, sadzachitanso kufika 3-5 mm.

Mbali ina ya nsomba cartilaginous - palibe gill chimakwirira. ntchito yawo ndi ankaimba ndi 5-7 slits gill imakhala kuseri kwa mutu, kuchuluka amene anatsimikiza ndi maganizo a nsombazo, ndi kukhalapo kwa ofala. Komabe, zonse nsomba ogwirira awa, kutsatira mpweya kwa madzi anadutsa makutu ake. Pamaso pa dongosolo kupuma, khalidwe madzi, amapereka yankho zochuluka ku funso lakuti: "Shark - ndi nsomba kapena nyama?"

Amazing luso: kununkhiza, elektroretseptorny zida ndi dongosolo la mzere lateral

Kuti Musaone kuthekera kwa nsombazo kununkhiza zosatheka. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa kachitidwe zotsogola zofunika kwenikweni. Zatsopano asonyeza osati mkulu kudziwa fungo la nsomba, ndi zodabwitsa kwambiri. Shark aigwire kafungo ka magazi, sitimadzipereka mu madzi mu chiwerengero cha 1: 1,000,000, ndipo mosalekeza amagwiritsa tanthauzo la fungo pamene kufufuza kupanga kapena kuswana zibwenzi mu kuswana nyengo. Mu tanthauzo la chinthu, mwina kupatula kwambiri fungo, zokhudza komanso ziwalo zina ndi machitidwe kumva, kulawa masamba ndi mzere lateral, yomwe ili pamwamba pa thupi nsomba, luso kuzindikira onse negligibly ofooka makina kayendedwe, ndi laling'ono oscillations otsika-pafupipafupi m'madzi ndipo amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri nyama, kulankhulana ndi anzake ndi lathu.

Kwatsala unproven mfundo za sayansi za luso la zolusa analanda zofukiza, anagawira pa mlengalenga, anachititsa ofufuza Khalidwe lachirendo la nsombazo woyera. Nthawi zambiri iye amanyamula nkhope pamwamba padziko madzi, monga ngati Kukoka.

Zatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi luso lapadera kudziwa nsombazi wovulalayo kayendedwe ake analengedwa ndi minofu kupuma ndipo mtima, minda magetsi ndi voteji negligible. Yaitali ananena za kusamuka a mitundu ina pa mtunda mokwanira yaitali mu mzere wolunjika anawulula kuti n'zotheka kuonetsa mu maginito ya Earth.

pamaso

Wapadera zomera ndi kamodzinso anatsindika dongosolo makamaka kwa diso, atetezedwe ku zikuchitika onse kunja ndi kwambiri zithunzi acuity. Features wa chipangizo thupi la nsombazi zilipo kuphethira atumwi, anatembenuka ndi diso akhungu pa nthawi ya kuukira woberedwa, motero kuteteza kuti zisaonongeke. Mu chilungamo, tisaiwale kuti si mitundu yonse ndi zikope. Awa anthu pa kuukira wovulalayo falitsani maso awo.

Komanso, nsombazo diso ali wapadera wosanjikiza chimawala oyenerera kumbuyo diso, timapitiriza tilinazo thupi ili ndi zayamba kuwonjezeka zithunzi acuity m'kuunika otsika. Masiku ano, sikutanthauza umboni chakuti masomphenya Mitundu ina ya nsomba chimaposa cha munthu.

kubalana kwa nsombazo

Mosiyana nsomba kwambiri fupa ndipo zimenezi zimachititsa kuti apange mamiliyoni mazira, kubalana a mtundu wawo mu nsombazo akulimbana kwambiri khalidwe osati kuchuluka. mbali khalidwe la cartilaginous nsomba - umuna mkati, ndipo wamba ovoviviparity viviparity kwambiri kwambiri yafupika imfa mbadwa kulola kuonetsetsa mlingo mkulu kupulumuka ndi kubereka m'munsi.

Malinga mitundu, nsombazo akhoza kukhala egglayers, viviparous ndi ovoviviparous. Dzira-kuika pafupifupi theka la mitundu yonse. Pambuyo umuna, akazi mkati kutchera mazira, zakudya zomanga thupi TACHIMATA wosanjikiza kutetezedwa ndi chipolopolo zolimba pamwamba pa izo, kuteteza nkhani zisaonongeke kunja ndi ludzu. dzira ndi kotunga yaikulu kwambiri zakudya, zilibe youma pa kutukula wa mwana wosabadwayo, kumene tisaiwale yaitali ndithu. Tinganene, nthawi yomweyo mochedwerapo pang'ono mazira 1 mpaka 12. yekha ndi nsombazi kumalo ozizira wadziunjikira mazira 500 kutalika 8 masentimita Kukula wozengereza Ndisanaumbidwe kuposa malipira palokha - Nsombayo yaing'ono aswa mwangwiro ndinazolowera moyo ndi chosiyana ndi kukula kwake wamkulu yekha ..

Ovoviviparity chosiyana mbali ndi aswa mazira ndi umuna kukhala mu oviduct mayi wamng'ono kwa nthawi yaitali, pokhala kuti anabadwa ndi anayamba mwangwiro ndinazolowera kuli palokha. Information pa mawu wotengera mbewu mitundu ovoviviparous ayenera zikhulupiriro. Malinga ndi ena, nthawi imeneyi ranges kuchokera miyezi ingapo zaka ziwiri, monga spiny dogfish, mbiri pakati inakhala onse.

M'mimba pa nthawi yomweyo moyo zobala mitundu akhoza kukula kwa 30-80 mazira. Kaya mtundu wa nsombazi ndi njira kubalana, ndi kubalana wa zonse wolemekezeka ochepa, koma angathe ana palokha wamoyo.

zomera nsombazi

Ambiri a nsomba amafalitsidwa nyanja ndi nyanja, tikukhala mu ndime madzi kuchokera pamwamba kuti akuya makilomita awiri, ndipo anawagawira monga ogwirira weniweni. Koma m'banja, pali kuchotserapo: megamouth, basking, chinsomba ndi mitundu ena angapo Nsombayi ndi fyuluta feeders, kudya zomera, nsomba yaing'ono ndi nyamayi.

Gululi yaikulu chinsomba ndi basking nsombazo, kufika kutalika 20 ndi 15 mamita. Pamene nsomba planktonic, iwo ikuyenda pang'onopang'ono, pakamwa kutsegula pakati pa masango zomera kuthetsa madzi kudzera m'maenje gill ndi wapadera zokhudzana-mbale, imathandiza buku yaikulu madzi ndi yopezera izo kwa zamoyo zonse lalikulu kuposa 2 mm.

Ndi za akusewera mitundu planktonic mauthenga kwenikweni. Choncho, ndi zosadziwika yaitali ndi moyo wa basking nsombazi. Whale - dzira-kuika. Mazira anayakira akafika kukula chidwi kwambiri: kutalika kungakhale 0,7 m, m'lifupi - 0.4 mamita Ngakhale kukula yaikulu, zomera nsomba nsombazi zithunzi ali m'nkhani ino, si aukali ndipo wochedwa ..

Dziko la nsombazo ndi chidwi ndi osiyanasiyana. Ena a iwo ali pansi amoyo ndi chakudya pa nkhanu ndi invertebrates, monga mphaka wamng'ono, kukula kwa zosaposa 1 mita m'litali. Chandamale mitundu ndi spiny dogfish, spiny dogfish, chithunzi chimene anaperekanso nkhaniyi.

spiny dogfish nsomba

Katran, ndi kwafalikira mitundu yekha mu Nyanja Black. Izi nsombazi nyanja kwambiri ozizira wachikondi ndipo sakuvomereza madzi ofunda. Mwina izi akufotokoza mfundo yakuti Black Sea spiny dogfish kawirikawiri ukufika 1 mita m'litali, pamene mu Nyanja North kukula kwa nsomba ndi 1.5-2 m. The spiny dogfish pafupifupi saukitsidwa pamwamba pa madzi ndi siyabwino pagombe. Iwo amakhala pa akuya okwanira, chokhumudwitsa mu shoals lalikulu. Katrana kudya invertebrates benthic ndi nsomba pansi - fulonda, whiting, bwinobwino nyama pa shoals wa anchovy.

Kodi chidwi n'chakuti spiny dogfish - ovoviviparous nsomba, amene mimba kumatenga nthawi amazipanga yaitali - mpaka zaka 2. Akulyata anabadwa okonzeka kwambiri akadzakula chilombo. Kuwerengedwa kwa anthu, motetezeka ndi wanzeru, iwo kukula kwa akula popanda mavuto ambiri. Nsombayi izi m'nyanja ndi otetezeka kwa anthu. Iwo konse kusambira pafupi kusamba lapansi. Zosaneneka dongosolo nzeru kwambiri kuphunzira fungo ndi kuona pang'ono pafupipafupi oscillation amathandiza katranov kupewa yokambirana ndi anthu. Nkhosa nsomba pafupi ndi gombe mu yophukira mochedwa. Kenako nsomba nyengo akuyamba. Chachiwiri dzina nsombazo - spiny - anapatsidwa katranov sikunapite pachabe. nsomba amakamba kwambiri za mavuto chochokera trawl lapansi. Icho chiribe chabe mamba phokoso, komanso spikes lakuthwa pamaso zipsepse dorsal, amene ali m'munsi mwa zopangitsa njoka. Mu nawo inu mukhoza kutenga gawo la poizoni, ngakhale oopsa, koma kubweretsa ena mavuto. The mowolowa manja kudzadzipeza katrana Atlantic nyanja ndi zina n'kotheka andipeze 20,000 nsomba imodzi anaona.

Spiny dogfish - osati zokoma nsomba, ndi wofatsa kwambiri ndipo ndithudi zothandiza. M'manja angathe wabwino kuphika nyama katrana likukhalira ku zakudya ndi zazikulu, wathanzi ndi zokoma. ulamuliro wosasintha mu yokonza nyama nsombazi ndi kuvomerezedwa magazi kukhetsa yomweyo pambuyo nsomba anagwira. Ndi wamkulu ndende ya ammonia. Ngati mulibe kuchotsa mankhwala magazi uwonongedwe. Ubwino wa mbale ngati n'chakuti pali mafupa mu mnofu wawo, chifukwa nsomba - chichereŵechereŵe.

Ofunika komanso khungu katranov. Okhakhala katundu katranov zikopa nthawizonse akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabwana a m'mafakitale ambiri: kwa akalipentala, cabinetmakers ndi amisiri kuti furriers.

kambuku nsombazi

Kwathunthu kulungamitsa mbiri ya mvula yamabingu otentha nyanja, nyalugwe nsombazi, kutsatira woyera chiwerengero cha kuukira olembedwa pa anthu, kwambiri kuposa mu kuchuluka amafa pambuyo misonkhano. Dzina nsombazi amaonetsera mbali ake akunja. Kambuku nsombazi (nyalugwe kapena nyanja), otchedwa chifukwa cha mdima magulu mtanda pa imvi, bulauni kapena Kamaoneka-imvi maziko a thupi kuti zokha. Mukukonda madzi ochepa nsombazo izi kawirikawiri akutsikira m'munsimu mamita 300, madzi ozizira chiyani kukopa iwo. Apadera kukula nsomba - mamita 7-8 m'litali ndi akulemera pafupi matani ndi - ndi kuika mu angapo mitundu ikuluikulu. The mawonekedwe streamlined cha thupi ndi mutu waukulu, yosamveka ikhale pamphuno ndi 5 gill slits ndi pakamwa lalikulu ndi pakamwa okonzeka ndi 280-300 lathyathyathya skrebkoobraznymi serrated mano, ndi bwino anayamba chapamwamba Lobe wa chipsyepsye caudal - ichi ndi chithunzi chosakwanira nsomba zoopsa.

Nyanja Tigers atamangirira anasankha malo, iwo samakonda kupita kunja malawi awo. Kukhala mdani yekhayo, nyalugwe nsombazo zina kwenda gulu, ngati chakudya chokwanira. Koma nthawi zina apolisi m'dera lawo yekha.

The zakudya cha adani amenewa kupanga pinnipeds nyama, anamgumiwa, nsomba, waterfowl ndi mamembala ngakhale ang'onoang'ono a mtundu wawo. Iwo omnivorous kuti zili M'mimba zawo, nkhani ya zinthu zimene zili kutali ndi chakudya organic, kudabwa ofufuza. Pa wokwera nsombazo wake omnivorous nyalugwe kuwanena "miimba nyanja." Koma koposa zogwirizana iwo ndi luso kupotokola m'mimba mwa pakamwa Muzitsuka mu madzi, zimene zimathandiza kuchotsa zinthu indigestible kwathunthu monga zitini, zikwama, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinyalala.

Izi nsombazi woopsa wa ovoviviparous, analera ana awo miyezi 14-16 ndi Kubala zinyalala kwa nsombazo 80, mpaka mita theka lililonse.

Great woyera nsombazi

Mwapadera lalikulu aukali chilombo - White Shark kapena karharodon, wautali ndi mwamphamvu atagwira ulamuliro chisoni chiwerengero cha kuukira anthu, opezeka mu madzi pamwamba pa nyanja onse a Dziko Lapansi, koma kozizira, mutsogolerane ndi wofatsa ndi ofunda nyengo. Mu madzi ozizira si anandipeza ndipo sakhala madzi mchere kapena brackish. Mwachitsanzo, mu Nyanja Black sizimawoneka karharodon. Kwambiri mwachidziwikire mukumane ndi nsombazo woyera waukulu pa gombe la California pafupi ndi cisumbu Mexico wa Guadeloupe, mu Mediterranean ndi Nyanja Adriatic, pa gombe la New Zealand, kumene iwo angakhoze kusambira m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Nyanja, kumene owonjezera zimapezeka mikango nyanja kapena zisindikizo, ankakonda kwambiri ogwirira izi. Kwa nthawi yaitali amakhulupirira kuti zonse m'mphepete mwa nyanja kuli nsombazo woyera, komabe anasonyeza kuti nsomba amasamukira ku gombe la California ku M'madera a zitunda za African, inkayenda kwa chaka oposa 20 zikwi makilomita.

Lalikulu ano chilombo kwambiri (ena toyesa kufika kutalika mamita pa 10 ndi thupi la tonnes mpaka 3.5), woyera nsombazi si nsembe mwayi uliwonse yothawira. Dzinali umenewu mtundu chofunika mbali m'mimba - kuwala kapena kuzimitsa-woyera. The dorsal mbali ya mitundu mdima: imvi, Kamaoneka. Mofanana ndi mitundu yonse kwa nsombazo, woyera palibe kuwira mpweya, limene limafotokoza kayendedwe zonse nsomba.

Chakudya limakhudza nkani kuposa mlongo nyalugwe ake. Small nsombazi wakudya nsomba sing'anga-kakulidwe, nyama. Ndithu karharodony kusakasaka zisindikizo, anamgumiwa, chinsomba ndi mamembala ang'onoang'ono a mitundu. Akuluakulu Sizilowana ndi ana kapena kudwala chinsomba, nthawi zambiri pamene akukwaniritsa kuukira kwambiri mwatsatanetsatane amayendayenda, amene yekha akutsimikiza pamaso pa luso lawo aluntha. Izi nsombazi oopsa kale anasonyeza kuti amphamvu kwambiri kupanga chilichonse.

A pang'ono ndi yodziwika za kubereka ana. Ngati mitundu ndi ovoviviparous ndi gestation wa miyezi 11, kenako pali ana 1-2 ndinazolowera ufulu. Masiku ano, anthu nsombazo woyera mofulumira kucheperachepera, kuzungulira dziko palibe zoposa 3,500 zidutswa. Species kutchulidwa Red Book.

Nsombayi m'nyanja - chowonetsedwa chidwi ndi kufumbwa nthawi yomweyo. Iwo amatha ndi kusangalala, ndipo agwera mu mantha. Amene anaona osati zithunzi lalikulu la nsombazo, komanso gulu la alenje woyera panokha, sadzaiwala ichi konse. Ndipotu, ngakhale zojambula nsomba zolusa chimwemwe m'maganizo. World nsombazo - chodabwitsa, wosangalatsa ndi woopsa. Zakale ndi zamakono cholengedwa chiwawa chilombo azikhala mu nyama wapadera Atchule, mobwerezabwereza kulenga funso: "Shark - ndi nsomba kapena nyama?"