Wotchuka otchuka nzika za Bashkortostan

Lembani "otchuka wa Republic of Bashkortostan". Pakati pawo - oimira zolembalemba, loimba, zojambulajambula zilandiridwenso. otchuka a Bashkortostan anasonyeza yokha m'madera ambiri zaluso. Ife amati inu kuzidziwa kwambiri. Limadzitsegula mndandanda Mazhit Gafuri.

Mazhit Gafuri

Zaka za moyo wa anayambitsa Bashkir ndi Chitata mabuku, komanso wolemba ndakatulo mitundu Bashkortostan - 1880 - 1934 zaka. Mu ntchito ake chimasonyeza waukulu mavuto mu Tatarstan ndi Bashkortostan wachitatu zoyambirira za m'ma 20.

Mazhit Gafuri - mwana wa mphunzitsi wa m'mudzi Zilim-Karanovo. Mu zaka 13, akapanda mayi ndi bambo amayamba kuyendayenda kukafunafuna ntchito mu Urals. A kwambiri pa iye unyamata wake zilandiridwenso akyns nyimbo Chikazaki, nthano ndi nkhani za anthu mbadwa ndi Chikazaki.

njira kulenga

ndakatulo yake yoyamba, yakuti "Shakidram ishan" Mazhit Gafuri analenga m'nyengo yozizira 1901-1902. M'chigawo choyamba inafalitsidwa mu Orenburg mu 1904. Pa nthawi yomweyo monga bukhu lapadera ku Kazan anafalitsa nkhani loyamba woyambitsa "Moyo unachitika mu umphawi." Gafuri amachita imodzi monga wolemba ndi wolemba ndakatulo, lisanathe njira kulenga uku akugwira ntchito ku Mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mumadziwika ndakatulo ya wolemba ichi pa njanji Siberia, lomwe chikondwerero zaka patsogolo, ndipo pali mutu wa backwardness wa chitukuko European wa East, umbuli ndi kuponderezedwa Bashkirs ndi Chitata poyerekeza ndi Russian.

Kukwera kwa 1905 wolemba asatambira ndi mtima onse odzipereka kwa iye mu chaka chomwecho "Vesi Chimwemwe", akuitana nthawi ino "dzuwa ufulu."

Mwa mabuku ena a wolemba ndi cholemba buku "osauka" (1907), zomwe zinasonyeza moyo wa m'tawuni osauka chiyembekezo, "Ana" (1907), komanso ndakatulo 1908-1909 ( "olemera", "Munthu wachuma ndi wantchito "" pepani "," wopemphapempha "), zomwe anadzudzula lochitira ya chuma chawo. Atakhala pakati Bashkirs mu 1909, anafalitsa "Zayatulyak ndi Hyuhylu" yadzaoneni. Mu 1927 inatha amene wakhala nkhani wotchuka "manyazi" ( "Chernolikie") - mmodzi wa ntchito zake zabwino, amene ankaimira tsoka zonse za kapolo udindo wa akazi a kumidzi. Pali wolemba ili ndi nkhani ana angapo akuti: "mtumiki", "Wild Goose", "Lost Aktyrnak" ndi ena.

Mustai Karim

Timathandiza mndandanda wa "otchuka a Bashkortostan." Kenako wolemba, amene Ndikufuna ndikuuzeni inu - izo Mustai Karim, ndakatulo. Iye anabadwa mu 1919, chaonekera banja lake munthu wachiwiri, amene amadziwa kuwerenga ndi kulemba. Woyamba anali mchimwene wake. Pamene nkhondo inayamba, wolemba ndakatulo tsogolo anali anamaliza maphunziro awo Institute Pedagogical, mphamvu ya Literature, ndipo nthawi yomweyo anapita kutsogolo. Kwa utumiki, iye analemba ndakatulo, ngakhale anakafika ku chipatala anavulala kwambiri. Pambuyo kusintha Mustai Karim anali mtolankhani manyuzipepala zosiyanasiyana kutsogolo-mzere, tsiku lomaliza kukhala kutsogolo. ndakatulo asilikali anam'bweretsera kutchuka weniweni.

Kaperekedwe zilandiridwenso

Mustai Karim zilandiridwenso amatipatsa Bashkiria - analemba zambiri za dziko lakwawo. Mu ndakatulo yake yatsopano ndi yamoyo meadows osiyanasiyana ndipo olimapo dziko, nyanja, mitsinje ndi mapiri.

Wolemba ndakatulo pamakhala mafunso akuluakulu. Monga munthu atakhala ndi moyo? Yankho tingalipeze mu ndakatulo Mustai Karim "Akatero amayamba moyo."

Mu 1957, iye analemba sewero lanthabwala "The atigwira mtsikana", zonse nthabwala wowerengeka. Komabe, mtundu wanyimbo tsoka pafupi ntchito yake. Peru a woyambitsa wa "Dziko Aigul" (1967) - ndi chikondi sewero, matsoka "Salavat" (1971) ndi wodzipereka ena mfundo yaikulu - kufunafuna tanthauzo anthu a moyo yokha.

"Chimwemwe nyumba yathu" lofunika kwambiri mwa mabuku ena zoyenera za ubwana asilikali. Iye ndi yowala kwambiri, limafotokoza nkhani ya ubwenzi ana awiri ndipo anthu a dziko lalikulu.

The zilandiridwenso a ndakatulo iyi, wodzazidwa ndi chikondi kwa Mama ndi anthu a m'derali, kudzikonza anthu abwino.

Gaziz Salikhovich Al'mukhametov

Mndandanda wa "otchuka a Bashkortostan" Inde, zikuphatikizapo Gaziza Salikhovich Almuhametova. moyo wa munthuyu (1895-1937) anali ofanana feat. Ife azipereka kwa inu ntchito ya wolemba ili m'gulu mndandanda wa "otchuka a Bashkortostan." Photos onani pamwamba.

Gaziz Almukhametov anabadwa mu banja osauka a antchitowo munda. Tsiku lina, pamodzi ndi mchimwene wake wamkulu, iye anapita mu ntchito anachoka mu Tashkent. Mu mnyamata dziko lina kwenikweni angamachite dziko lakwawo, ndipo transmits zitsanzo izi mu nyimbo mumaikonda kuti ankadziwa kwambiri kuyambira ali mwana. Kuimba Gaziza amasangalala wa Chitata ndi Bashkirs, amene anayamba kumuitanira konsati mu Tashkent m'mapaki.

Chinawonjezeka kutchuka

Patapita zaka zingapo kutchuka kwake sakhudzidwa ngakhale Central Asia, kufika Bashkortostan, Tatarstan ndi Siberia. Wotsatira unali ulendo ku Siberia, dera Volga, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan. mnyamata uyu, amene anali kale m'gulu mndandanda wa "anthu odziwika a Bashkortostan", osakhutira yekha ntchito konsati, momveka bwino chidwi ndi Chitata ndi Bashkir nyimbo wowerengeka, nthano zawo ndi mbiri. Iye amatenga iwo ndi masitolo, pang'ono ndi pang'ono kukhala folklorist.

Kenako ali ndi chidwi ndi lingaliro kulenga zochokera Bashkir ndi Chitata wowerengeka nyimbo za zisudzo ndi amachita iyo (sewero la "Saniya"). kuyamba unachitikira ku Kazan mu 1925. Iwo Pambuyo wina, "Eshse".

Kenako Gaziz Salihovic kufufuza matalente kwa sewero la situdiyo, pokhala awathandize bwinobwino oimba ambiri, oimba ndi Oimba, kenako anawonjezera kuti mndandanda "umunthu chabwino cha Bashkortostan."

Mu 1933 iye anatulutsa buku pa mavuto a maphunziro nyimbo.

Ahmad Lutfullin

Zoona, wodzipereka, omveka luso la wojambula ichi, anabadwa mu 1928, Umapeza chizindikiro dziko. Izi ndi zoona osati kwa Bashkir chiyambi, komanso mwa ubwenzi kwa anthu ndi dziko la anthu.

Chionetsero loyamba la ntchito zake unachitikira mu 1957, m'chilimwe, ku malo enaake mzinda Ufa. Ngakhale ena, zinadziwika kuti munthu uyu ali makings onse kuwonjezera mndandanda m'tsogolo "anthu odziwika a Republic of Bashkortostan". Ndipo atolankhani, ndi omvera anatenga kutentha chionetsero. Ngakhale ntchito zake oyambirira Tingaone chilakolako kulenga zabwino kufala makhalidwe a anthu a Bashkiria (a chuma cha mtendere wamumtima, kukongola, lingaliro la ulemu la fuko) chithunzi zithunzi.

ntchito yabwino

Mu 1968, wolemba m'gulu mndandanda wa "anthu odziwika Bashkortostan", analemba imodzi mwa ntchito zake bwino - "Golden Yophukira" chithunzi, kusinkhasinkha, chosonyeza wachikulire banja.

kupambana kwakukulu chithunzi Lutfullina "Zitatu Women" (1969), lomwe ophatikizapo kukongola abwino ndi chiyero cha khalidwe la dziko. Chiwembu: akazi atatu Bashkir kanyumba kumwa tiyi mu zovala dziko.

Wojambula akupereka mitunda ndi, makamaka, "wakale nyumba yomaliza m'mudzi", anamanga pa osiyanitsa.

Rauf Ahmetovich Murtazin

Ife kumaliza mndandanda wa "otchuka a Bashkortostan" zambiri odnm dzina. The zilandiridwenso munthu (zaka moyo - 1910-1994) ndi mbali yofunika ya chikhalidwe cha Bashkortostan, makamaka nyimbo. Iye nyimbo, nyimbo ndi nthetemya, popanda zomwe n'zovuta kulingalira Bashkir nyimbo. Dongosolo lonse ntchito zinapatsira mu Rauf Akhmetovich mphamvu ndi chidaliro.

The zilandiridwenso wa wolemba - khama, okhazikika ndi mabuku.

Iye anabadwa mu 1910, ndipo zaka 9 Patapita makolo anatenga malungo, ndi Rauf amasiye, anatenga pa maphunziro a m'bale wa bambo ake. M'banja, ife tinakonda zilandiridwenso nyimbo, ndi changu mnyamata akulimbikitsidwa. Iye analembetsa ku koleji nyimbo mu 1926. Pakutha pa chaka chachitatu, iye anapita kutsogolera mkuwa bandi mu Baymaksky District. Apa Analenga nyimbo masewero monga "Galiyabanu", "Sakmar", "Karagul".

Kenako, mu Moscow, monga wophunzira pa Conservatory, iye walemba ambiri malangizo ndi amapilira nyimbo pakati pawo - vayolini komanso cello zipinda zazikulu zokhala, nyimbo wowerengeka processing, m'nyimbo m'Chiarabu "Chikondi", "Tosca", "Mu mtsinje." Nkhondo itatha, iye nawo chitetezo cha likulu Russian, ndi zoipa ndiwobvulazidwa. Nditamaliza maphunziro ake linasokonekera Anapitiriza. Adalenga sewero la "Azat".

Mu 1950, Rauf Akhmetovich analemba nyimbo ya filimu "Soviet Bashkiria". Mu 1952, iye analenga Maapatimenti "pa Sabantui".

Palimodzi, zinalembedwa ntchito oposa mazana awiri, 170 romances ndi nyimbo.

Scale ndi okhwima adzalandira nthetemya woyamba ndi wolemba lino, B zazing'ono. Mu izo, ankafuna kulankhula za mmene akumvera ndiponso malingaliro okhudzana ndi mbiri ya dziko lakwawo. Komanso, wolemba Murtazin linalembedwa nthetemya zina zisanu ndi ziwiri, ogwirizana nkhaniyi. Mu anaimba wa chilengedwe chokongola akulankhula mbiri ya mtunduwo, amapereka zina zachidule za moyo wake.

The malangizo ndi choral music, nthetemya anawulula mphamvu ndi kukongola kwa anthu Bashkir, choncho pali kufuna kudziwa komanso kukonda Yehova.

Awa ndi otchuka wa Republic of Bashkortostan. Ife kutchulidwa okha ojambula zithunzi waukulu kudziwa ndi zilandiridwenso. Koma mndandanda akhoza anapitiriza si anthu onse odziwika Bashkortostan. M'mphepete mwa ichi, monga momwe mukuonera, ali wolemera kwambiri talente. Mayina a otchuka a Bashkortostan pa kumva osati dziko lino komanso kunja.