Mkulu-liwiro Railway ku Moscow ku Beijing: zomangamanga, chiwembu, kapangidwe ndi malo pa mapu

Posachedwapa mkulu-liwiro sitima Moscow-Beijing akulumikiza maiko awiri China ndi Russia. The mtengo kuyambirira cha polojekiti ndi lofanana thililiyoni 1.5 n'chokwana, kapena madola mabiliyoni 242. The okwana kutalika kwa msewu ndi wofanana 7 bude zikwi makilomita. Travel nthawi ina kuti wina adzakhala masiku 2, ndiponso pa mseu wopita yokha adzaikidwa kudzera m'dera la Kazakhstan.

Osachepera nthawi panjira

Lero, China amagwira kupereka umisiri ake nzeru pomanga mlingo njanji lonse. Imodzi mwa ntchito imeneyi ayenera kukhala mkulu-liwiro sitima ku Moscow ku Beijing. Uthenga ambiri padziko lonse mofulumira kwambiri, makamaka mukamawerenga Gona ndi utakhazikika pakati pa America, Europe ndi Russia molumikizana ndi mikangano mu kum'mawa kwa Ukraine komanso kuyesetsa Russian kuti achire kugwa chigulu cha msika mafuta lonse. Mu October 2014, pakati pa Corporation "Chinese njanji» (China Railway Yomanga Corporation) ndi Utumiki wa Transport, sitima ndi State Komiti ya Development China ndi Commission Kusintha zinasaina Memorandum Luntha m'munda wa njanji mkulu-liwiro. Cholinga cha bukuli anali kukula kwa ntchito ya mtundu mkulu-liwiro la Eurasian zoyendera kulowera, amene dongosolo adzaphatikizapo msewu Moscow-Kazan.

Mbiri ya lingaliro

Mkulu-liwiro sitima mzere Moscow-Beijing pa mlingo wa malingaliro zinalili ndithu nthawi yaitali. polojekiti ayenera kukhala njira kwa anthu amene safuna kuyenda mpweya. Choka maganizo pa mlingo wa ntchito panopa zinachitika ndi maziko a kutsegula kwa zogula mu America, yobereka amene adzaperekedwa ndi akatswiri a posachedwapa. Mkulu-liwiro sitima polojekitiyo ayenera kupereka kwa m'mayiko monga China ndi Russia ayenera mpikisano lonse. Monga tanena, monga nthumwi ya njanji, mkulu-liwiro sitima ku Moscow ku Beijing ndalama dziko pa zankhaninkhani, 7 rubles. Anthu ndi mabungwe Chinese ali okonzeka kuti aganyali pomanga msewu kuchuluka lofanana zankhaninkhani, 4 rubles kulipirira ena onse adzanyamula bajeti Russian. zokambirana yogwira pa Kugawilidwa kwanthaka ndalama kwa pomanga msewu lero imachitika pa njira Moscow-Kazan mu chimango cha polojekiti lonse.

Kodi imakoka pomanga msewu?

imene mkulu-liwiro msewu Moscow-Beijing adzamanga, koma pang'ono kudziwika. Ichi ndi chifukwa chosankha protracted pa ndalama. Popeza kuti zimene zachitika lero mu Russia, ngakhale kuti China ndi wokonzeka kuganiza kwambiri za ndalama, dziko si wokonzeka kuti azidya ndi zikuluzikulu ndalama ndalama loterolo. zankhaninkhani, 3 rubles lero ndi unsupportable kwa likulu la bomali. Mosavuta ndi mkulu kuti ndalama payekha adzakopedwa polojekiti.

Luso mbali ndi zochita kuyambirira

Uthengawu woperekedwa ndi kudzera mwa nyuzipepala ya Beijing Times, limanena za zokambirana yogwira ntchito yomanga njanji pakati pa maiko awiri. Chinthu choyamba cha kukwaniritsidwa kwa polojekiti ayenera kukhala njira ku Moscow ku Kazan. Chiyambi cha njira zakonzedwa kumanga ku Beijing, ndiye msewu ndidzadutsa kupyola pamizinda monga Khabarovsk ndi Ulan Bator, Irkutsk ndi Astana Ekaterinburg. The kokafikira adzakhala Moscow. Okonzeka liwiro sitima adzakhala katatu yaitali kuposa lero ukugwirira ntchito mkulu-liwiro njanji pakati Beijing ndi Guangzhou. Travel nthawi pakati pa mizinda pambuyo kukhazikitsa ntchitoyi sadzakhala masiku asanu ndi limodzi, awiri okha. Lero, pakati pa mitu ya limati awiri, sitima ziwiri zimadutsa okha sabata. njira inatsegulidwa mu 1954. Trans-Siberia Railway akuti ndi motalikitsa mu dziko. Iwo linayambira ku Moscow kwa Vladivostok. Iwo mitanda okwerera 400 ndi m'litali ndi makilomita 9288.

The mavuto oyamba ndi masitepe oyamba kwakukulu

Mkulu-liwiro sitima Beijing-Moscow posachedwapa n'zokayikitsa kuti abwere kwa njira yanu. Monga tanena gawo loyamba la ntchito, chimene m'tsogolo kulumikiza m'dera la limati awiriwa ayenera kukhala njira ku Moscow ku Kazan, mtengo kuyambirira umene unali wapamwamba kwambiri kwa Russia. Kukopa ndalama, "Gazprombank" msewu pulogalamu mtengo okwana thililiyoni 1,06 rubles m'mizinda monga Beijing ndi Singapore, Hong Kong ndipo Shanghai. Malinga ndi mfundo kuyambirira, Yehova anakonza misonkhano ya amagonana ndi kuthekera padziko lonse:

• May 14 - mu Singapore.
• May 15 - Shanghai.
• May 16 - Beijing.

M'tsogolo, tinakambirana za ulendo wa oimira "Gazprom" banki mu Taipei, likulu la Taiwan. Malinga ndi Russian njanji, misonkhano ndi ndalama Asian anakonza kwa miyezi ingapo. Makamaka zibwenzi nkhani East chifukwa ziletso lolimba ku West. Akulumikizana ndi madeti "Pronedra" Iwo ananenera kuti mkulu-liwiro msewu Moscow-Beijing sadzakhala adzamangidwa mu zaka zingapo zotsatira. Kukhazikitsa gawo loyamba la polojekiti, mkulu-liwiro njanji pakati Moscow ndi Kazan, angathe 2020. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti njanji sizinathe anakwanitsa kupeza Investor.

Gawo loyamba la polojekiti

Mayeso oyamba a boma ntchito bajeti dziko ndi "Russian njanji" akufuna kuonetsetsa biliyoni 191,9 rubles. mbali zina za njira, monga Vladimir, Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhniy Novgorod, Cheboksary, Cheboksary, Kazan, zakonzedwa zikhale likuvutika zokambirana. Akuti ndi unduna wa Transport 29 January 2015. Kwa nthawi yoyamba za anthu a ntchito ya dera, imene mkulu-liwiro msewu chidzakwaniritsidwa, tinaphunzira okha oyambirira 2015. Njira yatsopano adzaikidwa mu kufanana feduro msewu M-7, lotchedwa "Volga". The zikuchokera adzapanga amasiya. Makamaka, siteshoni Vladimir adzakhala ili pa Sukhodol.

kuchita okhala m'madera chiyani?

Mkulu-liwiro Railway ku Moscow ku Beijing pa mapu amene adzadutsa lalikulu gawo zokwanira a m'madera, kwachititsa anthu amene ali ndi moyo naye oyandikana nawo, anachita wosanganiza kwambiri. Ayambe kuwonongeka ankaimbidwa, zomwe ogwira minda, nkhalango anapanga makongoletsedwe. Akuluakulu mwalamulo analengeza pamalo lililonse limene yomanga idzachitike ntchito zonse adzakhala Pre-anavomerezana ndi anthu. Njira imodzi limanena kuti ngati ife kusamalira kupeza kuthandizira, ndi BCM adzatsegulidwa kale mu 2018. Liwiro pazipita kayendedwe ka msewu adzakhala makilomita 400 pa ola limodzi, umene kuchepetsa njira ku Moscow ku Kazan kuchokera maola 11 kuti 3.5.

ntchito za zipani

Mkulu-liwiro Railway ku Moscow ku Beijing, kumene chiwembu ndi theoretically wokongola kwambiri ndipo lipindulitsa, malinga ndi mapulani kuyambirira, ayenera kuyamba ntchito yake ku nthawi kuchokera 2018 mpaka 2020-TH. Mtsogolo, pa mbali Chinese undertakes kupereka polojekiti luso lake. Dziko ndi wokonzeka kukwaniritsa udindo wonse kuti mapulani ndi kumanga. Pobwezera chithandizo chachikulu, China ndi wokonzeka kutenga mphamvu Russian.

Mpaka 15 December 2014 izo zinakonzedwa kukhala mavuto makampani Chinese adzatha kutenga nawo mbali pa ntchitoyi. Information mmene kuona ngati kuti apereke mgwirizano monga chobisika kwa anthu. Ufulu kupanga zomangidwazo khwalala Moscow-Kazan anapambana Chirasha Chinese Consortium pansi pa ulamuliro wa "Mostgiprotrans" ndi nawo Anthu a "Nizhegorodmetroproekt" ndi CREEC (China Railway Eryuan Engineering Gulu Co. Ltd.). Pangano mtengo gulu ili ndi lofanana rubles 20 biliyoni, koma osawerengela VAT.

Akatswiri Project

Mkulu-liwiro Railway ku Moscow ku Beijing - polojekiti ndi zingamuthandize kwambiri ndi chofunikila, koma samaletsa ofufuza ankakayikira. Iwo amanena kuti Launch tsiku la SCM pa nkhani ya zaka 2018-2020 ndi zosatheka. Malinga Alexey Bezborodov, anali CEO InfraNews bungwe ntchitoyi nawonso sangathe kuthamanga khumi yotsatira. Maziko maganizo amenewa anali mawu boma cha nthumwi ya sitima Russian kuti panopa yowona kanthu dongosolo yomanga njanji mkulu-liwiro kulibe panobe. Pali chabe Mwina mkulu kuti msewu kuchokera Moscow ku Kazan m'tsogolo adzakhala anawonjezera kuti Ekaterinburg ndi pa.

Amene adzapindula yomanga Mothamangira chiyani?

Highway Moscow-Beijing idzamupindulira ena osati kwa njanji Russian, komanso States wonse. Ichi ndi chifukwa agglomeration zotsatira kuti adzauka monga resettlement anthu kwa polojekiti. Kuyembekezera akuti mkulu-liwiro mzere ayenera chinawonjezeka ndi 30-70% ya GRP mu zigawo. revenues zina pamsewu amakumana zosachepera zankhaninkhani, 11 rubles mwamsanga khumi zoyambirira za ntchito ya polojekiti. chiwerengerochi kuperekedwa ndi gulu la mabungwe a zachuma, lotsogoledwa ndi unduna wa Development Economic. Ngati SCM akadali amaoneka okha pa dera la GRP ukuwonjezeka m'maderawa Vladimir ndi 38%. Ndi biliyoni 84 rubles kuphatikiza. Ndi 2030, chithunzi ichi chidzachulukira kwa 58%, kapena mawu ndalama - kuti rubles biliyoni 131. M'dera Nizhny Novgorod amafuna kukula chuma 39%, kapena biliyoni 252 rubles, koma ndi 2030 kuti afike osachepera 76%, kapena biliyoni 496. Chuvashia akuyembekezeka kuwonjezera phindu ndi 13% kapena rubles 20 biliyoni. Ndi 2025, ndi kulumpha adzakhala 28%, kapena biliyoni 43 rubles. Tatarstan mu 2025 chikuyembekezeka kukula kwa chuma udzakhala wofanana ndi 27%, kapena biliyoni 274 rubles.