Mitundu ya folklore nyimbo. Kodi Mitundu ya anthu nyimbo kulibe?

Folk luso ndi pachiyambi, ndipo m'zigawozigawo mu chikhalidwe ndi n'zogwirizana ndi chiyambi nyimbo. Choncho zosiyanasiyana zosaneneka ndipo zosiyanasiyana mitundu imene Mitundu ya anthu nyimbo chionetsedwe.

M'nthano ndi chiyani?

M'nthano otchedwa wowerengeka luso. Ndi nyimbo, ndakatulo, zisudzo, kuvina, kuti zinalengedwa mwa anthu ndi ukudalira miyambo, zikhulupiriro za chipembedzo, miyambo, chikhalidwe ndi mbiri.

Mawu "folklore" ali mizu English ndi anamasuliridwa kuti "wowerengeka nzeru". Ndi chikhalidwe chawo, nthano ndi osiyanasiyana ndipo zikuphatikizapo nkhani, nthano, nthano, nthano, miyambi, zithumwa, maula, njira zosiyanasiyana maula, mitundu yonse ya miyambo, kuvina ndi zina zambiri. Ndi zodabwitsa, koma n'chinthu chofunikira ndakatulo nthano rhymes ndi anecdotes. A mtundu wanyimbo la anthu nyimbo ndi chimodzi cha zidutswa za luso wowerengeka.

Polemba chinenero -?

Tanena kale kangapo (mogwirizana ndi mfundo folklore), mawu akuti "mtundu wanyimbo", koma tanthauzo ndi? Polemba chinenero - mtundu wa mankhwala yodziwika ndi mbali zina za thupi ndi wokhutira. Aliyense mtundu wanyimbo ali ndi cholinga chake, mode aliko (mwachitsanzo, m'kamwa kapena olembedwa) ndi ntchito (kuimba, kungotchula, masewero, ndi zina zotero). The Mitundu otsatirawa akhoza tchulani chitsanzo: nthetemya, nyimbo, ballad, nthano, nkhani, buku, etc.

ndi otchedwa wowerengeka nyimbo chiyani?

Tisanaone a Mitundu ya nyimbo folklore, muyenela kuzindikira kuti amatanthauza nyimbo luso wowerengeka.

Folk nyimbo - ichi ndi zilandiridwenso wa anthu, amene afotokozedwa mu amapilira, malangizo kapena amapilira-malangizo mawonekedwe. Kawirikawiri alipo yekha mu mawonekedwe m'kamwa, wadutsa kuchokera wojambula wina ndi mzake. kuteteza nthawi yaitali anthu m'nthano anakakamizika asangalatsi amphatso ndi luso, amene amatchedwa ndi anthu osiyanasiyana m'njira zosiyanasiyana: osewera zeze, minstrels, ashugs, Spielmann, kobzars etc.

Choncho, kodi Mitundu ya anthu nyimbo? Choyamba, kuti Mitundu yonse ya folklore nyimbo okhudzana, akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu Atatu waukulu zolembalemba: epic (a kufotokoza zochitika zokhudza mbiri), sewero (mu ntchito ya mbuto ikulu amatenga zochitika) ndi nyimbo (nkhani zachokera maganizo ).

Komanso m'nthano Mitundu zidzasankhidwa malinga ndi mtundu kuphedwa: payekha (odnogolosoe) gulu loyimba, choral ndi loimba.

The zosiyanasiyana folklore nyimbo

N'zosatheka ati a Mitundu yonse alipo la anthu nyimbo zosiyanasiyana chawo n'chachikulu kwambiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti zikamera wa mtundu watsopano wa kuvina, nyimbo kapena nkhani ankaona mtundu wanyimbo osiyana, ngati lullaby, kuvina nyimbo, caddis kuwuluka, epic, carols, etc.

Chifukwa chachikulu kwa zosiyanasiyana zimenezi nyimbo otchuka amaona ulalo mwachindunji ku miyoyo ya anthu. ntchito zonse zachipembedzo ndi banja moyo wa anthu limodzi ndi nyimbo zawo, kuvina komanso kuimba. Motero, funso "zimene Mitundu ya folklore nyimbo kulibe" alibe yankho okhazikika. Akutukuka moyo akufotokozera ndi luso. Chitsanzo momveka bwino nkhani imeneyi - zikamera wa proletarian nyimbo ntchito polemba chinenero chimenechi.

Lisanaperekedwe, ife anayang'ana pa m'nthano onse, tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za Russian luso loimba. Iwo ukulamulira nyimbo apa, koma chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwambiri a ogaŵikana mitundu ingapo, omwe ali paokha m'gulu la Mitundu ya folklore nyimbo. Mndandanda wa mitundu ya Russian nyimbo ndi chidwi chokwanira, koma n'zotheka salembedwa anagawa malinga ndi cholinga thematic.

Calendar ndi miyambo nyimbo

Calendar-mwambo folklore ndi chimodzi mwa Mitundu wamkulu. Ndipo izi chikugwirizana ndi chakuti moyo wa munthu wakhala kugwirizana ndi chirengedwe, kotero iyo inayenera cajole. Choncho panali kwambiri zikondwerero chonde. Pa zikondwerero zimenezi inachitika miyambo, limodzi ndi kuvina ndi nyimbo. Ganizo zofunika miyambo ngati - kusintha umoyo wa alimi.

Mitundu zikuphatikiza Chirasha wowerengeka nyimbo anachita pa maula. Kwambiri mowirikiza ndinkadabwa ndendende Svyatka, amene akuyamba pa December 25 ndipo inatha pa January 6. Songs kuti awombe masiku awa, wotchedwa podblyudnye ndi kuchitidwa ndi anawachitira maere. Iye akhapidziwa kuti lemba mophiphiritsa limaneneratu zam'tsogolo. Apa ndi Chidutswa chimodzi cha nyimbo zimenezi:

"Kodi munthu Novagoroda,

Munthu wina ndevu zija;

Iye ngakhale wopanda khalidwe kapena mbala, kumbuyo nkhwangwa;

Koma amene adzafika ku mutu adzaswa.

Kutenga, kudzachitika;

Ndipo amene zidzafika pochitika, osati Mphindi. Ulemerero! "

ndi Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya wowerengeka nyimbo, zokhudzana ndi mtundu nanga? Palinso kalendala nyimbo monga nyimbo kuwomba pamaukwati, pamaliro, christenings, pobereka. Mukhozanso itanani nyimbo usilikali, amene anachita pamene anthu adawona kunkhondo.

The chidwi kwambiri ndi ukwati miyambo ndi nyimbo nawo. Iwo anawagawa magawo atatu, zomwe zikhoza kwa masabata angapo miyezi. Ukwati akuyamba ndi chibwenzi (matchmakers kubwera kwa makolo Mkwatibwi ndi kupempha dzanja lake), ndiye pali pangano (chipangano komaliza pa makolo mwambo achinyamata) ndi anamaliza onse paukwatipo. masitepe onsewa limodzi ndi nyimbo zimene zimasonyeza chochitika makamaka ndi kufotokoza kanthu miyambo ya.

Labor ndi ntchito nyimbo

Choncho, kodi Mitundu ya anthu music, kuwonjezera pamwamba? Monga tanena mu folklore izo anasonyeza moyo wonse wa anthu, kuphatikizapo ntchito. Nthawi zambiri nyimbo zimenezi zinali ntchito kuti wina ntchito mungoli, zochita kalunzanitsidwe. Chitsanzo ndi wotchuka "Dubinushka" amene ankaimba haulers pa ntchito: "Ine-ee-ma- kamisolo attsy, dyuzhe otentha! Ndipo-oh! Palibe, ndiye ife sitisamala! O-oh, Dubinushka, U-Uhnem! "

Monga kwa anthu ogwira ntchito, nyimbo zimenezi ndi kupitiriza mwambo wa ntchito za nthano koma mapangidwe ake ndi chitukuko zifunika kwa proletariat Russian.

Mitundu Russian wowerengeka nyimbo chimakhudzana ndi mbiri ndi moyo wa anthu ake. Choncho pamene m'zaka XVIII mafakitare choyamba mu migodi Urals, anayamba kuoneka ndipo woyamba ntchito nyimbo. Kwenikweni akaidi ntchito kumeneko, kotero folklore awo ambiri ndende Wolakwayo ndi antchito odzipereka kusayeruzika, adzawalanga ndi chilungamo akuluakulu ntchito inhumanly zovuta. Koma m'kupita kusakhutira inali kufalikira amachititsa ambiri a dongosolo boma. Ndipo pofika cha m'ma XIX anayamba kuwomba mfundo momveka chosintha, ndi XX wa - maziko a proletarian nyimbo anayamba kulimbana autocracy lapansi.

Komabe, ntchito nyimbo pang'onopang'ono wosiyana folklore ndi yokuthandizani kukhala mabuku. zodabwitsazi ali zimayambitsa angapo. Choyamba, kwambiri m'gulu la ntchito dziko, kukopera chosintha nyimbo. Kachiwiri, proletarians ambiri anayamba maphunziro. Ndipo chachitatu, ntchito zambiri kuchokera kumudzi. Zonse izi kwambiri ndi mtundu wanyimbo nyimbo.

limericks

Chastushka - yaing'ono Rhymed nyimbo ongokhala mizere 4-6. Nthawi zambiri anachita pa kofulumiraku, ndipo limafotokoza ena chochitika chimodzi mu moyo wa munthu. Couplets anali wotchuka pakati anthu akumidzi, ndi pakati kalasi ntchito. Mizu ya mtundu wanyimbo izi zikupita m'zaka XVIII, koma kutchuka kwambiri kuti lakwaniritsa m'zaka za m'ma XX.

Nzika rhymes - kuonetseredwa kwa moyo weniweniwo, kwambiri imachepa komanso mwachangu mavuto ndi mfundo zazikulu. Cholinga chachikulu cha nyimbo zake yochepa - chikhalidwe, m'banja kapena chikondi.

Kuphunzira folklore kusukulu

mapulogalamu onse sukulu tinapangidwa kuti ana akhoza kufufuza Mitundu ya folklore nyimbo. 5 kalasi akuyamba ankadziwa zosiyanasiyana Mitundu ya luso wowerengeka, koma kuliphunzira zitsanzo ophunzirawo akayamba ku pulayimale.

Kutsindika chachikulu kugwirizana sekondale sukulu amapanga ubale wa mabuku ndi mbiri, kotero kwenikweni anaphunzira nyimbo yadzaoneni. Komanso, ophunzira tikuuzidwa kuti zofunika nyimbo mtundu wanyimbo. Pa nthawi yomweyo mphunzitsi chimakamba za kufanana ndi kugwirizana luso wowerengeka ndi mabuku miyambo zikuluzikulu ndi kupitiriza.

Pomaliza

Choncho, Mitundu ya anthu music, mndandanda wa zomwe ife tayesera kuti, ndi inextricably zogwirizana ndi moyo wa anthu. kusintha moyo wa anthu wamba kapena dziko lonse yomweyo akamagwiritsa chilengedwe nyimbo. Choncho, lembani Mitundu yonse ya nthano analengedwa mu moyo wa anthu zosatheka. Komanso, wowerengeka luso lero chikukulirakulirabe, kusintha, azolowere zinthu zatsopano ndi moyo. Ndipo moyo wautali ngati anthu alipo.