Mitundu ndi mitundu ya paini. Mitundu ya cones paini

Oposa zana maina a mitengo amene amapanga mtundu paini, anagawira kudutsa kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Komanso, mitundu ina ya mitengo ya paini angapezeke mu mapiri kum'mwera ndipo ngakhale mu kotentha. Izi yobiriwira monoecious mitengo coniferous ndi masamba singano woboola pakati.

Kudulidwa ndi makamaka m'dera la Kupititsa amayanjana, ngakhale mitundu ya zomera paini chongopeka ayipanga ndipo kawirikawiri dzina la breeder lapansi.

Kumasulira wamkulu wa paini mtundu

Maonekedwe paini angakhale osiyana: nthawi zambiri mitengo, ndipo nthawizina pansi zitsamba. Mawonekedwe a korona ndi zaka ranges ku pyramidal kuti ozungulira kapena umbellate. Izi ndi chifukwa lifotabe nthambi m'munsi ndi kukula mofulumira nthambi m'lifupi.

Mphukira, amene anasonkhana masingano, ndi zachilendo, adzafupikitsidwa kapena lengthened. singano ndi kusonkhanitsidwa mitolo, kuphwa kapena triangular, ndi lopapatiza yaitali, musalekane kwa zaka 3-6. Mozungulira m'munsi flakes chabwino. zipatso ndi cones, amene kukhala mkati mbewu (ndi mapiko ndipo popanda iwo).

Ambiri, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya paini si fastidious, chilala zosagwira, ozizira zosagwira ndipo popanda lachonde. zomera amakonda youma dothi mchenga ndi miyala, ngakhale pankhani imeneyi kupatulapo White Pine, Wallich, utomoni wonunkhira mkungudza ndiponso amene akufuna kukula ndi chinyezi zolimbitsa. Phiri paini wosakanikirana nthaka chalky. Ndipo tsopano tione mwatsatanetsatane ena mitundu ya mbewu imeneyi.

Sikochi wapa paini

Izi mwina conifer kwambiri ambiri Europe ndi ku Asia, umene angatchedwe chizindikiro cha nkhalango Russian. View wa paini chikondi cha kuwala, kumverera bwino ndi zovuta nyengo kumpoto, ndi kutentha steppe. Ndi sadzachitanso kulekerera zinthu m'tawuni, koma mbewu yaikulu kwa chilengedwe cha nkhalango nthaka mchenga. Kamangidwe malo a Chi amawonda mu kufunika kwa zosiyanasiyana kukongoletsa ndi kukula mofulumira.

mtengo akhoza kukula kwa mamita 40. makungwa ndi losweka, red-bulauni, zomera achinyamata - ndi wochepa thupi, pang'ono lalanje. singano ndi buluu imvi mtundu, wopangidwa okhwima, kuphwa kapena yokhota kumapeto, 4-6 masentimita yaitali. The zaka pazipita mtengo m'mikhalidwe yabwino - zaka 400-600.

Pali ambiri chongopeka ayipanga nyenyezi yaing'ono ndi nyenyezi yaing'ono mitundu ya paini Chi. Mu zinthu zachilengedwe pa malire a m'dera kumachitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana, ndipo mosavuta anawoloka ndi mitundu monga wakuda paini ndi phiri. Malinga ndi malo kukula amadziwikanso allocated za 30 mitundu zachilengedwe - ecotypes.

Siberia mwala paini

Popular ndi ena mitundu ya mkungudza. Mu Russia, limodzi chofunika kwambiri mitundu mtengo nkhalango ndi Siberia mwala paini - wamphamvu mtengo ndi olemera MNV ovoid korona. singano ndi lalifupi (6-13 cm) ndi akhakula. Hardy, amakula mu zone Madzi oundana, mu lamba nayonso. Mbewu za cones lalikulu ndi edible ndi wolemera mu mafuta mafuta. Pa mtunda wa mamita mpaka 3.

Pine mkungudza elfin

Common ku Western Siberia ndi Far East. Mkungudza elfin paini ali ndi mawonekedwe chitsamba, kuli lakamba zambiri ndipo amatha kutenga nthambi muzu adatchithisira pansi. Ndi mtundu wa zikomo kukongoletsa ndi masingano wokongola buluu wobiriwira, spikelets ofiira owala mwamuna ndi adzitamandire ofiirira tokhala.

White paini

wokongola kwambiri ndi wamtali pine.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya conifers North America ndi zofunika kwambiri chuma. White Pine losiyana woonda, zofewa ndi yaitali masingano bluish-wobiriwira mtundu. Cones ndi yokhota kumapeto elongated mawonekedwe. Kwambiri kupirira frosts kwambiri, koma undemanding lonse si oyenera malo mzinda.

Mountain paini Weymouth

Ena mitundu odziwika a mitengo ya paini kukula mu Crimea Mwachitsanzo phiri Weymouth. Ndi wokongola North America mitundu, amene isiyana m'mbuyomo adzafupikitsidwa masingano bluish-wobiriwira ndipo ambiri cones yokhota kumapeto. Okhwima mitengo - pafupifupi 30 mamita, korona ndi yopapatiza, khalidwe dzimbiri pubescence pa zanthete. Izi kutentha wachikondi mtengo, ngakhale chilala zimadzetsa mavuto. Chimakula makamaka m'madera amapiri kuti ndiotetezedwa ku mphepo nyanja.

Pine Sitimayo inagunda (Crimea paini)

mtundu wina ambiri mu Crimea chilumba. Pine Sitimayo inagunda - mtengo wamtali, pafupifupi 20 mamita. Makungwa ndi utoto wakuda, lili ndi crevasses. Amatupitsa wandiweyani, kusintha mawonekedwe a dzira kuti umbellate. Osiyana horizontally ndikuyesetsa nthambi ndi malekezero anatembenuka-ndi cones lalikulu. Crimea paini kuwala zofuna, undemanding kwa nthaka, n'zosavuta kulekerera kupanda chinyezi. Palinso kukula mu Caucasus, Krete, Balkans, Asia Minor.

Armand paini

Chinese kukongoletsa maonekedwe ndi khalidwe yaitali, masingano woonda, mbewu mafuta edible. Chimakula yekha kumadera otentha kum'mwera.

paini Banks

Osiyana Multilaterial dongosolo, kunja kwa North America. Kuwala masingano wobiriwira mokwanira lalifupi ndi wokhotakhota, cones yokhota kumapeto. Chimakula kuti mamita 25 kutalika. Frost zosagwira, wodzichepetsa maonekedwe oyenera nthaka iliyonse. Izo wakula yekha mu botanical minda.

Pinus Heldreichii

mitundu ndi lofala Balkans ndi kum'mwera Italy. Yodziwika ndi zikusonyeza masingano yaitali wotumbululuka mtundu wobiriwira. Ngati mitundu ina yambiri ya paini, zithunzi za amene anapereka m'nkhaniyo, wodzichepetsa kwambiri Komanso, n'zosavuta kulekerera zinthu m'tawuni. Mantha - Hardy mokwanira kwa gulu pakati, wangwiro kwa m'madera kum'mwera.

paini phiri

wokongola kwambiri ndipo phiri pine. Mitundu ya mkungudza ndi momwazikanamwazikana kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. mtundu Chimakula mu m'mapiri a ku Central ndi Kumwera kwa Ulaya. Ndi lalikulu nthambi mtengo kapena anatambasula elfin. Kwenikweni kapangidwe malo osiyanasiyana mitengo yaying'ono kakang'ono, amene analenga zikuchokera wokongola pa gombe mayiwe, m'minda miyala, etc. The kutalika pazipita -. Mamita 10, ndipo osachepera - 40 masentimita.

Pinus densiflora

Imodzi mwa mitundu Hardy mwakula chapakati Russia - otchedwa Japanese wofiira pine. Mkhalidwe waukulu kukula bwino - osati kale kwambiri yozizira koopsa kwa nthaka. singano ndi yaitali ndi mopanikizana pa mapeto a nthambi, ndikamapukuta mtengo exudes kununkhira. Salandira zinthu za mudzi, kukula pa dothi osauka mchenga.

Melkotsvetkovaya paini kapena paini woyera

mitundu Japanese ya paini yokongola anapereka melkotsvetkovoy (woyera) paini, lomwe ndi dzina lachiwiri la adzitamandire magulu woyera kapena bluish pa masingano, ndi kutchulidwa chifukwa amakhotetsa. Nezimostoyka mu chapakati Russia kungokhala yekha nyenyezi yaing'ono zosiyanasiyana limakula. Popeza mtengo amakonda kutentha ndi kuwala bwino, nyengo kumuyenera mwangwiro kwa Black Sea gombe.

Ponderosa

Mukaona wapamwamba ndi yopapatiza, pyramidal, openwork korona m'chilengedwe umakhala North America. Iwo ali masingano yaitali ndi zabwino wandiweyani kutumphuka. Izo umapulumuka mu zigawo kum'mwera ndi zigawo chapakati Russia, koma amaundana mu yozizira kwambiri. Kutalika kwa mtengowo ukufika mamita 10. Wakonda kutetezedwa mphepo, choncho bwino anabzala mu magulu. Ponderosa si atengeke zoipa chilengedwe m'tauni.

Pinus cembra

mitundu European ya mkungudza paini ofanana Siberia "msuweni." kusiyana ndi zazikulu ang'onoang'ono, kwambiri wandiweyani kufalitsa korona ndi yaitali masingano woonda. Komanso, tokhala ndi mbewu mtengo si lalikulu. Chimakula pang'onopang'ono koma moyo wautali. Iwo adzayang'ana wangwiro kubzala limodzi ndi gulu la minda.

Korean mkungudza paini

A kawirikawiri mitundu yokongola, kukula mu Far East Asia East, Korea ndi Japan. Kukongola ndi mtengo coniferous angayerekezedwe kwa Siberia mwala paini, ngakhale korona pa "Korea" zochepa wandiweyani, downy masingano imvi wobiriwira ndi cones kukongoletsa. Mbewu, mtedza komanso ndi edible. Frost pakati gulu Russia chikhalidwe amanyamula ndi wabwinobwino, amakula mitengo kungokhala pamodzimodzi, koma kuthengo akhoza kufika kutalika mamita 40-50.

Montezuma paini

Mwiniwake wa singano yaitali kwambiri, zinthu zachilengedwe zopezeka kumadzulo North America ndi Guatemala.

mtengo wamango mamita 30 mkulu ndipo ali wodzaza globular korona. Ikulu cones tapered angafikire zotalika masentimita 25. Wakonda ofunda ndi chinyezi nyengo, kotero kwambiri kutenga muzu Crimea. Si nkhani kwa matenda amene amadza chifukwa cha tizirombo.

bristlecone pine

mitundu yokongola ya paini, kuphatikizapo bristlecone mwangwiro kukula ndi zipatso chimbalangondo chapakati Russia. Izi North America mitundu yosowa kwambiri ndipo umaimira mtengo yaing'ono kapena chitsamba chilichonse ndi nthambi anamuukitsa, limene lili fluffy kufalitsa korona. singano ndi wandiweyani, ndi cones - minga yaitali. Wodzichepetsa ndi yozizira-Hardy zosiyanasiyana zonse.

Pinus Peuce

Movement Balkan paini ali otsika pyramidal korona, masingano wandiweyani wonyezimira wa kutalika masentimita 5-10 ndi cones cylindrical anapachikidwa pa miyendo. Young mphukira glabrous. Makungwa bulauni, wosanjikiza. Pinus Peuce ikukula kwambiri ndipo alibe amafuna wapadera kuunikira ndi dothi. Ntchito mu ulemerero wa m'mapaki.

Pinus contorta (shirokohvoynaya)

Iwo kukula mu North America chifukwa zabwino yozizira hardiness ndi ayipanga chapakati Russia. Culture kukupitirira m'madera ambiri pamodzi ndi Pacific gombe. dzina amaperekedwa ndi mkazi anapotoza singano. Kapena tchire akhoza kukhala mkulu (mamita 50) mtengo, nthambi m'munsi amene zasiyidwa, ndi chapamwamba kapena kufalitsa kapena lotsogozedwa oposa. Culture limakula pang'onopang'ono zokwanira, koma wodzichepetsa kuti zikhalidwe za moyo osati chilengedwe, koma ngakhale mu mzinda.

Pinus thunbergii

Osowa kukongoletsa tione ku Japan, lomwe limatchedwanso wakuda pine. Malo chachikulu - nkhalango mapiri ataliatali, za 1000 meters pamwamba pa nyanja. Mitengo yobiriwira akula mamita 40 kutalika. Amatupitsa zambiri osasamba mu mawonekedwe, kuwala mtundu wobiriwira, ndi yaitali masingano okhwima (8-14 masentimita × 2 mm). Makungwa ndi wakuda, ndi mphukira achinyamata lalanje ndi wamaliseche. Pinecones Pinus thunbergii pafupifupi mbewu mosabisa ndi imvi ndi mapiko. Thermophilic ndi chinyezi-wachikondi chikhalidwe, amene dziko lathu ikukula bwino Sochi.

Pinus wallichiana (Wallich kapena Valliha)

Mwanaalirenji dlinnohvoynaya paini anabwera ku HimalayasI ndi mapiri Chitibeta. Kukula mofulumira, osati bwino kulekerera chisanu, chinyezi-wachikondi. Malo wangwiro chikhalidwe tili - Crimea, kumene zipatso kwambiri. Tree m'chilengedwe kufika msinkhu wa mamita 30-50. Wokongola masingano 18 centimeter imvi wobiriwira wopalamulayo. Kukongoletsa chikasu tokhala malinga - za 32 masentimita. View nakulitsa malo kwa kakwamba gulu.

paini wakuda

mitundu yokongola ya paini ndi kukula zomera, kuphatikizapo wakuda paini, anabwera kwa ife kuchokera m'mapiri a ku Ulaya Central. mtundu umenewu kugonjetsedwa kwambiri zinthu m'tawuni. The dzina mdima kwambiri makungwa ndi mdima wobiriwira singano kukula mochuluka. Izi amalenga dera pamthunzi motsutsana ndi paini Chi. Mu Russia, abwino kwambiri kwa steppe gawo la North Caucasus, ngakhale undersized mitundu kukongoletsa zikhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi kumpoto.

ndi cones wa paini chiyani?

losiyanasiyana cones paini amadziŵika ndi mawonekedwe awo, kukula ndi mtundu. Koma onse a iwo pa chiyambi cha moyo wa zofewa, lachikasu wobiriwira, ndipo akamakula zake ndi kusintha mtundu ku mdima wobiriwira bulauni.

Kukula yaikulu ndi American paini cones Lambert - 50 masentimita yaitali, Coulter - mpaka masentimita 40, ndi Oil Cilician kuti kukula pafupifupi 30 masentimita yaitali. The cones zing'onozing'ono sadzachitanso kuwonjezera mpaka 3 masentimita, Lyell ndi larch ndi Douglas-Japanese.

Ambiri, mtundu wa mitengo ya paini ali ndi chitukuko mofulumira ndi kukula. Kuchotserapo mitundu ndi amene adzapulumuke pa mavuto nyengo: mkulu mu mapiri, m'madambo, pa woumira miyala pansi mu North. Mu milandu, pokhala mitengo wamphamvu kungokhala ndi mitundu nyenyezi yaing'ono. Komabe, iwo ndi chidwi chachikulu kwa ulemerero wa kakwamba malo.