Mitengo - chilengedwe wapadera wa chilengedwe

Mitengo - ndi deciduous yobiriwira zomera, anakakhala ku magombe otentha ndipo ndinazolowera moyo iri yochepetsetsa zonse ndi kutuluka. Iwo amakula mamita 15 ndipo ali ndi zapamwamba mitundu mizu: stilted (angakwanitse mtengo pamwamba pa madzi) ndi kupuma (pneumatophores) chotuluka ku nthaka, monga udzu ndi kungolandira oxygen.

zomera ochepa anapulumuka mu madzi amchere, koma izi sizikhudza kuti mitengoyi ndi. Iwo apanga njira zosefera. Madzi mawere mizu, lili zosakwana 0.1% mchere. Mchere otsala alekanitsa masamba kudzera pepala zitsulo wapadera kupanga timibulu woyera padziko.

Nthaka yabwino imene kukula nkhalango, nthawi zonse madzi, palibe mpweya okwanira. Zikatero, anaerobic mabakiteriya olekanitsidwa asafe, phosphates, chitsulo, methane ndi sulfides T. D., Kujambula mitengo yachilendo fungo. Akusowa mizu mpweya, monga zanenedwa, wachotsedwa mpweya, ndi zakudya - dothi.

Masamba a zomera - amphamvu, leathery, zokoma, wowala wobiriwira. Mogwirizana amenewa kwa nthaka ndi kusowa madzi abwino, iwo ndinazolowera yochepa imfa chinyezi. Masamba akhoza kusintha mlingo wa stomatal kutsegula kuchita kuwombola mpweya mu ndondomeko ya photosynthesis, ndi atembenuza, kupewa dzuwa cheza.

Mitengo kukula mabacteria, omwe chimakhala chogwidwa ndi mitundu ina. Ichi ndi chifukwa pafupipafupi ndipo nthawi chigumula, chikhalidwe cha gawo lapansi madzi (mchenga kapena matope), m'madzi ndi watsopano ndi (mu mitsinje). Alanda kutsogolo Rhizophora ndi matabwa ofiira ngati magazi, mtundu umene anatsimikiza ndi okhutira mkulu wa utoto. mitundu ndi pansi madzi 40% nthawi. Pamakhala Avicenna lagulyarii neri Al.

Kodi uncharacteristically kudzikonda mitengo mtengo ndi zipatso (mbewu) ndi zachilendo. Iwo yokutidwa ndi nsalu pneumatic, kudzera okhoza kusambira nthawi zina, kusintha kachulukidwe ake, ngati n'koyenera. Ambiri mitengoyi - "viviparous." mbewu zawo si wosiyana mtengo kumera. Mmera kapena ukusunthira mkati zipatso kapena zipatso kunja kudutsa. Pa nthawi imene iye anali wokonzeka kuti nthambi paokha zoyendetsedwa ndi dzuwa.

Kusagwirizana kwa mtengo (zambiri pa mafunde otsika), ndi mmera kugwa mofulumira anakonza nthaka. Kapena chotengeka ndi madzi, mwina pa mtunda yabwino. Iye ndi olimbikira kuti akhoza kudikira kwa kanthawi yabwino kwa chaka mizu.

Mitengo kutumikira monga pothawirapo ndi malo zamoyo zambiri. Ndere, nkhono, barnacles, thonje, bryozoans zofunika angagwirizanitse chinachake mu kusefera chakudya. mizu angapo zosiyana ichi. Otentha nsomba, arthropods, njoka zimapezeka madzi pafupi kachitidwe mizu. nthambi za mtengo anakakhala hummingbirds, frigates, Zinkhwe, gulls, ndi mbalame zina.

Mitengo, mofulumira kupanga m'nkhalango, kuteteza kumtunda kwa kukokoloka ndi mafunde nyanja. Iwo kutseka pa nyanja, kupambana kumbuyo malo ake atsopano. mizu kuli kotheratu khalani anachititsa matope, kulimbikitsa ngalande za nthaka. Anthu wamba amagwiritsa dziko watenganso, kupanga munda ya kanjedza kokonati, zipatso ndi mbewu zina.