Mbiri ya galasi tumbler. Amene anatulukira ndi liti?

kovuta kupeza banja chimodzi mu Soviet Union, amene sanasunge mu lockers awo m'khitchini angapo, kapena kuposa, kudula magalasi. ware Izi katunduyo ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za nyengo imeneyo kutali. Panopa anthu ambiri sadziwa ntchito, koma musataye limatuluka dzanja. Mbiri ya galasi tumbler, amene anatulukira pamene - zonse zimene ali mu chinsinsi ndi nthano. Nkhaniyi itithandiza yesetsani kuthetsa izo zonse kunja.

Nthano za chiyambi cha galasi faceted

Ambiri a zinthu ndi zinthu Soviet nyengo zambiri nthano za chiyambi chake. Wathunso ndi phwando ndi odziwika bwino faceted galasi. Mbiri ya chilengedwe cha waphimbika ake nthano zambiri. Nawa ena a iwo amene amayenda padziko maonekedwe ake.

1. Aliyense akudziwa dzina la Vera Mukhina chadzaoneni. Ichi ndi mwini amene analenga chosema "Antchito ndi Mgwirizano Farm Bakuman". Choncho, malinga ndi nthano, iwo anali - munthu amene anatulukira galasi faceted. Akukhulupirira kuti zimenezi zinathandiza mwamuna wake wokondedwa, amene mwa madzulo yaitali anali kumwa kapena awiri mowa.
2. Ambiri okonda Baibulo limene dzanja lake kwa galasi tumbler Kutulukira Ufumuyo Soviet injiniya Nikolay Slavyanov. Iye anali katswiri wa migodi, ndiye anakhala katswiri wa nthaka. Mu bwalo la anzake ndi anansi ake, iye amadziwika kufufuza mu munda wa kuwotcherera Arc ndi kusindikiza kwa castings ndi magetsi. Iwo phindu lake amati ndi mkulu mlingo wa chitukuko cha mafakitale zitsulo mu Soviet vremya.Pervonachalno Slavyanov anamuuza kuti galasi, chitsulo, ndi njira zili zina zachidule za nkhani 10, 20 ndi mbali 30. Ndi ndiye yekha Mukhina anapereka kubala galasi mu mawonekedwe galasi.
3. Nthano wina anafotokoza kodi faceted galasi. Mbiri ya chilengedwe cha ofanana ake nthawi ya Peter Wamkulu. Mmodzi mbuye Vladimir glassmaking, Yefim Smolin, anapereka mphatso kwa mfumu galasi chitsimikizo kuti kuli kovuta kusiya. Peter vinyo wa izo ndipo anaponyera pansi, simukulankhulanso mawu akuti: ". Kukhala galasi" Koma, mwatsoka, galasi linathyoka. Komabe, kazembe sankafuna mkwiyo wake. Kuyambira pamenepo, panali mwambo kumenya mbale pa phwando.

Kodi mawu akuti "galasi"

Sikuti mbiri ya galasi tumbler osamveka ndiponso zotsutsana, komanso dzina la chinthu Ali ndi maganizo ochepa za chiyambi chake.

Pazimene mbiri amadziwika kuti m'zaka za m'ma 17 anali mbale, omwe anapangidwa kwa akukhatira mbale yaing'ono, mphete chikugwirizana, ndipo anawatcha "dostakany". Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mwa chinthu ichi anadza magalasi dzina odulidwa.

Malinga ndi buku lina, mawu ndi chiyambi Turkic, akhala akugwiritsa ntchito mawu monga "dastarkhan" kutanthauza tebulo holide, ndi "tustygan" chinenerochi - mbale. Kuyambira kuphatikiza mawu awa awiri, ndipo panali galasi la mutu, amenenso anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Woyamba Soviet galasi

History faceted galasi mu Russia akuyamba ndi 1943, pamene adagulung'undisa kunja kwa fakitale galasi mu magalasi GUS-Crystal wa nthumwi woyamba wa asilikali. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti maonekedwe amenewa si nkhambakamwa wojambula, koma chinthu chofunika.

Iwo likukhalira kuti ngakhale masiku amenewo panali woyamba chotsukira mbale tikhoza kuchita ntchito zawo zokha pamene kumizidwa mu mbale zawo ndi mawonekedwe makamaka ndi kukula. Kotero ine ndinali kutulutsa galasi ndi nkhope osati malinga zozungulira.

Zikamera ndi "mlendo" mu Russian

Malinga ndi nkhani zakale, mu 1943 kupanga mzere wa fakitale magalasi GUS-Crystal sanadza woimira loyamba magalasi odulidwa ndi kusinthidwa akale. History of odulidwa galasi (16 nkhope) amanena kuti adawonekera ndithu nthawi yaitali.

Tinafika ndi ziwiya chinthu osati mu USSR, komanso mu Russia m'zaka 17. Umboni wa zimenezi ndi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho mu Hermitage deta.

Tsimikizani kunayamba kale chiyambi cha magalasi ndi anatchulidwa mwapadera chiphunzitso usilikali, lomwe linasindikizidwa ndi Paulo Ine m'zaka 18 mochedwa. Ngakhale mfumu anali kuyesera kusintha ankhondo, amene anali kutali tcheru zonse ndipo analamula faceted galasi kuchepetsa mlingo tsiku la vinyo, zomwe anadalira asilikari ankhondo.

Amakhulupirira kuti mbiri ya galasi tumbler amagwirizana osati ndi Russia. Kwambiri umboni - ichi ndi chithunzi cha Diego Velaskasa amatchedwa "Kadzutsa."

Pa tebulo Tingaone ngati galasi faceted, nkhope yekha ndi ofukula ndi pang'ono arched. Ngati inu mukuyang'ana pa nthawi ya kulemba, kupenta, ndipo anali mu zaka 1617-1618 tikhoza kunena kuti galasi faceted, mbiri yake ndi kumphatikiza ndi Russia ndi mayiko ena.

Zimenezi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi chakuti magalasi zotsimikizira njira imene ankagwiritsa ntchito mu USSR, kupangidwa kokha mu 1820 - kukanikiza njira. Anayamba kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi anali kale pakati pa zaka za m'ma 19, ndi mu Russia linafika ndi m'zaka za m'ma 20.

ndi chinsinsi cha galasi mkulu mphamvu?

Soviet wandiweyani magalasi osati ndi mawonekedwe omasuka osati kuzembera mu dzanja lanu, koma iwo anali amphamvu kwambiri. Izi anali akwaniritsa wamakhalidwe khoma makulidwe, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono wapadera.

Zipangizo kupanga galasi chikho faceted zinachitika pa kutentha mkati madigiri yaikulu 1400-1600, ndiye ndondomeko yowotcha zinachitikadi ndi faceting njira zamakono wapadera. Panali nthawi imene zikuchokera kwa kupanga kuonjezera mphamvu anawonjezera patsogolo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu yopanga odulidwa galasi.

Yopanga magalasi odulidwa

Pa fakitale galasi anayamba kubala magalasi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi chiwerengero osiyana nkhope. voliyumu akhoza zimasiyana ml ya 50 mpaka 250, ndipo nkhope inali 8 mpaka 14.

A mbiri chakale anati faceted galasi mankhwala 250 ml ya kukhala mbali 10. Ndi izo molondola kuyeza kuchuluka kwa mankhwala youma ndi madzi.

Mu 80 ntchentche mu galasi mafakitare anayamba m'malo zida kunja, chifukwa kufa makhalidwe alipidwa galasi faceted.

Galasi, zomwe mpaka nthawi imeneyo anali wolemekezeka ndi durability kwambiri, kupirira kusintha kutentha ndi kuguluka tebulo, anayamba kung'amba mbali iliyonse. Ena anagwapo pansi. ponena za imatengedwa kuphwanya luso kupanga.

Features kudula magalasi

Ngakhale kuti zambiri za amene anatulukira galasi faceted, mbiri, ndi zikamera mu Russia ndi zotsutsana, mbali zonse momwemo khalani ofanana. Ndipo iwo osiyana ndi anthu a mankhwala ena ofanana.

• M'mimba mwake wa ulemu gawo - kuchokera 7.2 kuti 7.3 cm.
• The awiri a pansi pa galasi - 5.5 cm.
• Kutalika kwa mankhwala galasi ndi 10,5 masentimita.
• Chiwerengero cha nkhope zambiri 16 kapena 20.
• Mphepete pamwamba pa galasi ndi, m'lifupi amene - kuchokera masentimita 1.4 mpaka 2.1.

ndi magalasi onse m'nthawi ya Soviet Union, akupangidwa ku glassworks osiyana, ndi makhalidwe ake.

Galasi tumbler sapambana mankhwala ena ofanana

Zoyambazo Soviet Union faceted galasi ambiri, chifukwa ubwino pa anzawo.

1. Zilibe falitsani pa tebulo Mwachitsanzo, ngalawa pa pitching poyenda ndi mafunde.
2. Popularity mu nyumba Catering chifukwa mphamvu yake yapamwamba.
3. Okonda kumwa mowa osankhidwa ndi phunziro, monga ndi zophweka kugawana botolo atatu. Ngati inu kutsanulira madzi ndi felemu, izo aikidwa mu kapu chabe wachitatu wa theka-lita botolo.
4. Galasi silinasinthe pamene waponya kuchokera kumwamba yabwino. Ichi ndi chifukwa mphamvu ya olungama pamaso pa nkhope amene chuma ichi galasi Chimaona.

Modern moyo wa odulidwa galasi

Ngati mu Soviet Union, faceted galasi wakhala fixture yonse khitchini, koma tsopano kupeza mbale chinthu choterocho si yapafupi. Zonse zinakhalako chakuti ambiri mafakitale galasi akuchotsedwa mankhwala.

Pa fakitale GUS-Crystal, kumene, monga nkhani akuti, faceted galasi linatuluka pa woyamba nthumwi faceted mubale magalasi ena amene mandala kwathunthu, amene si faceted. oimira nyengo ya Soviet opangidwa okha pansi dongosolo.

Tsopano pazifukwa zina faceted galasi ndi kuchereza omvera ndi wotchuka kwambiri. Mu 2005, phwando la mzinda wa Izhevsk inamangidwa mkulu nsanja pafupifupi 2.5 mamita mu kutalika kwa magalasi odulidwa. Pa ngati eg wapita chikho 2024. Maganizo a distillery a.

mfundo zochititsa chidwi za galasi faceted

Ziribe kanthu chomwe nkhani faceted galasi mu Russia, ndi zonse osati ntchito cholinga chake. The mbuye wa sukulu yakale adapeza zina ntchito mosayembekezeka.

1. The ntchito wotchuka - Kadulidwa mothandizidwa ndi akusowekapo kwa dumplings, dumplings. Ngati pakufunika awiri akuluakulu, anatenga kapu waukulu ndi mulu wa ntchito, ngati n'koyenera. Ngakhale kuti tsopano pali zambiri zida kuti atsogolere ndondomekoyi, amayi ambiri osatinso ntchito galasi lakale ili ndi wangwiro.
2. Faceted galasi pa khitchini Soviet anali mosalekeza chida kuyeza. Mu Mabaibulo akulu Anayesa mankhwala zophikira kuphikira si mu magalamu, ndi magalasi.
3. Ndithu zachilendo - kugwiritsa ntchito odulidwa Magalasi ngati dehumidifier a. Iye akanakhoza zambiri m'zimene yozizira ubwenzi pakati pa glazing awiri. Mu galasi anatsanulira mchere kuti mazenera musati amaundana. Tsopano ndi nthawi zambiri m'malo mafelemu matabwa mazenera kukometsera matumba athu pulasitiki, kotero ikani galasi faceted panonso.
4. Cottagers atengere yekha kugwiritsa ntchito tumblers odulidwa-galasi kwa mbande kukula. Iwo kuyang'ana kwambiri aesthetically zokondweretsa, musatisiye zinyalala kumbuyo, mosiyana makapu peat.
5. Galasi angagwiritsidwe ntchito chiwonetsero cha zochitika kuwala: ngati inu kuthira madzi ndi kuika supuni, zikuoneka kuti iye anatunduzidwa iye.

Apa ndi ntchito magalasi chinalipo m'nthawi ya Soviet Union, ngakhale njira zina ntchito anapulumuka ndipo tsopano, ndipo palibe amene Pankhaniyi susonyeza amene anatulukira galasi faceted. The m'makhitchini zamakono maalumali flaunts mbale ano, zomwe ndi zaphindu kufufuza poyerekeza ndi galasi faceted, koma amayi ambiri, ngati pantries awo imeneyi mukusoŵa mofulumira palibe kuchotsa izo.

Mfundo za galasi

Pali zina zimene kugwirizana ndi galasi faceted. Nawa ena mwa iwo:

1. Mtengo wa mbale amenewa zimadalira chiwerengero cha nkhope. Galasi ndi mbali 10 khobidi ndalama 3 ndi 16 mbali - 7 masenti. Chiwerengero cha mbali voliyumu ufulu wodzilamulira, nthawi zonse wofanana - 250 ml.
2. Kufala kwa uchidakwa ku Moldova kugwirizana ndi galasi faceted. deta mbiri n'zotheka kudziwa kuti pamaso kumasulidwa kwa dziko ku Nazi asilikali Soviet kumwa nzika za kakang'ono 50 ml ya zikho, ndi Russian anabweretsa otakasuka (250 ml) magalasi wandiweyani.
3. Soviet faceted galasi yotchuka wotchedwa "Malenkovskaya". Malenkov Mlembi wa silikhali Chatuluka kuti, malinga ndi zimene msilikali linaperekedwa 200 ml ya mowa wamphamvu. Ngakhale kuti ulamuliro sizinakhalitse, koma zokumbukira ambiri.

Pano pali mfundo zimene inextricably zogwirizana ndi galasi faceted.

Phwando galasi tumbler

Takambirana mwatsatanetsatane ndipo anakumbukira faceted galasi (mbiri, nkhope angati), koma likukhalira, tableware uyu ali tchuthi yake.

Iye akuti chaka chilichonse pa 11 September. deti limeneli anasankhidwa opanda chifukwa, lero pa fakitale magalasi GUS-Crystal anayamba kuŵeta zinthu izi mbale. holide imeneyi imatengedwa tsiku boma si, kani, holide ya dziko, kotero chikugwirizana ndi si zosangalatsa mwambo.

anthu Russian nthawi simusamala kupeza njira kumasuka pa galasi la mowa, ndipo monga godsend, ndi holide, tchimo osati kumwa. Apa pali chimene mungayembekezere ngati chikondwerero.

• Magalasi odulidwa amayenera kumwa yekha mowa wamphamvu ndi zakumwa zina zoledzeretsa zosatheka kugwirizana ndi cookware izi.
• Kumwa sayenera kukhala ndekha, koma chikadalibe mu kampani, chifukwa kugwirizana ndi galasi faceted la mawu akuti "chithunzi atatu."
• Imodzi mwa miyambo ya holide imeneyi ndi kumatula kwa "ziphona" chikondwerero pansi.
• Angachite bwino kukumbukira kuti magalasi kagawo ka zabwino kumwa tiyi, zakudya, madzi ndi madzi. Aliyense akukumbukira makapu zoterozo mu cupholders mu magalimoto sitima.

Tikhoza kunena kuti pakati pa malingaliro a "kudula galasi", "mbiri ya dziko lathu," inu mukhoza kuika chizindikiro ofanana. mfundo ziwiri izi inextricably zogwirizana. Kwambiri Ndikufuna kuona Kutulukira izi amapatsidwa Nobel Prize, koma sichinali lingaliro okhazikika ya zikondwerero zanu zonse.