Mbalame kumuwombera. Passerine mbalame gulu. Mbalame zodya nyama: chithunzi

kumuwombera mbalame ndi chimodzi cha akale kwambiri. chikuoneka amati ndi chiyambi cha nyengo Jurassic. Pali maganizo amene makolo a mbalame zam'madzi dongosolo limene zimasiyanasiyana ndi njira chirengedwe.

Kutentha thupi la mbalame

Anthu a kalasi pali zonse ndi lalitali kwambiri thupi kutentha, si anakhudzidwa ndi kusintha mu nyengo. Nyama ndi chinthu mofanana otchedwa homoiothermal. Mu nyama, ndi ochepa kwambiri. Avereji kutentha anasonyeza zosiyanasiyana mbalame ndi 42 ° C. Oimira vorobinyh detachment ndi thupi apamwamba kutentha - 45,5 ° C. Chotero kanjedza kwambiri mbali yofunika kwambiri mu njira zosiyanasiyana ndipo thupi mu thupi la mbalame.

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri ndi mosalekeza kutentha thupi, n'kofunika kuti ubongo pa nyengo yozizira. Ngakhale kutentha otsika Mwachitsanzo, m'nyengo yozizira, chifukwa chodabwitsa, mbalame zonse kutsogolera moyo yogwira.

Kufanana ndi kusiyana ndi nyama

Pali zizindikiro zingapo kuti apange mbalame ofanana ndi nyama:

• woonda khungu ndi pang'ono chitsulo icho;
• tentha mthupi mapangidwe pa thupi ndi bwino anayamba;
• ndi cloaca, ndi ena.

Komabe, khalidwe munthu bokosi awo zofunika:

• kutentha zonse 40-42 ° C si yafupika ndi njira zina;
• njira kubalana, ndicho kumanga chisa, mazira ndiponso kudyetsa ana;
• Chapakati mantha dongosolo ndi zambiri otukuka, ili limafotokoza kuli dziphunzitsiranso.

Makhalidwe a mitundu. zikuuluka

Detachment mbalame - ndi nyama inakhala, matupi awo kawirikawiri yokutidwa ndi nthenga ndi mapiko ndi forelegs. Miyendo bwino akupangidwa thupi ali ndi mawonekedwe streamlined. Woonda khungu chimathandiza zolembera kukhala yam'manja. Pali mitundu iwiri ya iwo - pansi ndi mizere.

The mizere ali cholimba cholembera mbiya, limene mbale ili, iwo ataphimbidwa, barbs lalifupi, ngowe amakondana kwambiri. Osati padziko lonse khungu yokutidwa ndi nthenga ngati. Kodi iwo satero, pali zambiri pansi ndi pansi nthenga, ali ndi kapangidwe zofewa, ndipo iwo alibe mbiya. nthenga mizere ali otchedwa chifukwa cha malo ake, ngati iwo ali makamaka ili m'mphepete mwa mizere ya gulu lonse la mbalame, mapiko ndi kumbuyo. Iwo zimapezeka mu ndege. Ntchito ina yofunika kwambiri nthenga - ndi chitetezo ya thupi ndi kuwonongeka kutentha.

Detachment ndi atengeke mbalame moult, chifukwa nthenga ndi wolema katundu. Pali mitundu ina imene chivundikiro lonse limasintha imodzi. Panthawi imeneyi sanatha kuwuluka ndi panopa patali adani. Mtundu wa molt chikondwerero makamaka mbalame amene amatha okha ndi chakudya, osati kuuluka mu mlengalenga. Anthu ena, ndondomeko izi zimachitika pang'onopang'ono. Komanso kukhetsa angayambe chifukwa cha nyengo kusintha.

Mtundu cholembera chivundikiro amadziwikanso zosiyanasiyana. Izo zimatengera mbalame malo, nyengo, kugonana ndi nyengo.

Njira kubalana

Detachment mbalame amatanthauza nyama dioecious. Childs, kubalana limayamba pamene mbalame kubwerera ku wintering ndi isanayambike nyengo yabwino. Mwachibadwa, chifukwa kwathunthu zosowa zake anthu amuna ndi akazi osiyana. Ndipo unyinji wa mitundu yonse ya mbalame akuyamba ndi ukwati wa kuvina wamwamuna, amene amayesetsa kukopa tcheru wamkazi. Nthawi zambiri izi limodzi ndi khalidwe zachilendo ndi phokoso chidwi. Patapita Lady amalandira chibwenzi banja anapanga. mbalame zambiri ndi kwa nyengo yotsatira kufunafuna wina watsopano, ena kuganiza mgwirizano moyo wonse.

Tikumbukenso kuti pali mitundu ya mbalame, imene awiri limodzi pomanga chisa ndiponso kudyetsa anapiye. Ndipo pali amuna omwe chabe manyowa yaikazi, ndi nkhawa onse akhala akuchitika popanda chotenga mbali.

Pambuyo mapangidwe awiri ndi akuyamba chisa nyumbayi. Komanso pali zowalamulira mazira, iwo zimaswa amakhala akazi, pa nthawi ya exchangeable wamwamuna. Kulera ndi kudya ana anachita pamodzi. Chimakhala mpaka nthawi monga anapiye adzakhala sangathe paokha kupeza chakudya chawo.

Species kapena magulu a mbalame

Akukhulupirira kuti gawo loyamba la kupatukana, kapena superorder ndi anyani, ndi mbalame zonse kudziwika kwa sayansi (neognathae). chifukwa cha anyani zimachitika kwa gulu linalake - kusiyana kwambiri kapangidwe ndi chiyambi cha mbalame zina zonse. Pakati pa asayansi pali kutsutsana kwambiri pa nkhani kuti kumuwombera kapena kalasi zina mbalame, kapena kulenga iwo banja osiyana.

magulu onse a mbalame akhoza kugawidwa mu zoweta ndi zakuthengo, zosamukasamuka ndi kusamukira waterfowl, raptors, nkhalango, tikukhala mu malo poyera ndi mitunda chikhalidwe.

gallinaceous

mwana wankhuku kumuwombera mbalame angakhale mu nkhalango, minda ndi zopezeka farmsteads lapansi. Zikuphatikizapo nkhuku, grouse, capercaillie, wakuda grouse, woyera ndi imvi partridge ndi ena. Onse
Oyimira a gulu limeneli kukhala yozizira ku malo awo mwachizolowezi, kupatula zinziri ali. Mu mbalame, mtundu uwu wa mbadwa amasamala wamkazi yekha. A mbali yaikulu ya Galliformes ndi ziweto.

kumuwombera akadzidzi

Detachment ndi mbalame akadzidzi nyama. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi usiku. Mitundu ndi monga khola kadzidzi, kadzidzi woyera, kadzidzi, chachikulu imvi kadzidzi, kadzidzi chithaphwi etc. Akhudza wa iwo -. Wabwino kumva. Kuti amathandiza kuti akakole nyama mu mdima. Chifukwa kuswana akadzidzi angabweretse angapo nthawi zonse. Amawaumbatira mazira mkazi, koma kudyetsa ana - udatha kusamalira makolo onse. Pakati alenje masana ayenera kuona mpheta kadzidzi, woyera ndi hawkish kadzidzi. Popelani Kadzidzi umabala kwambiri tsiku chakudya ndi usiku.

Popeza akadzidzi mbalame zithunzi nyama ambiri a iwo, komanso zithunzi za mbalame zina zodya nyama, kuchititsa kenaka utentha mamba ndi mantha.

passerine

passerine mbalame detachment kudziwika kwa aliyense. Iwo amakhala patsidya kwambiri padziko lonse, kupatula Antarctica. Chimenechi ndi chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha mbalame kumuwombera - za 5000. Zikuphatikizapo siskin, mpheta, magpie, jackdaw, wren, Jay, phwiti, buluu Tito, Tito, etc. Iwo kudya mbewu ndi tizilombo yaing'ono ..

Udindo wa mbalame kumuwombera

Detachment mbalame ndi mfundo polimbana ndi tizirombo wa zomera zosiyanasiyana. amathandiza kufalitsa mbewu zawo. Nawonso, kudya nyama zina.