Matenda Strawberry: kodi mantha wamaluwa?

Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zokolola otsika strawberries ndi la imfa yake ndi matenda. Matenda strawberries ayenera kuzindikira ndi kukhwimitsa nthawi, mwinamwake mbewu mwamsanga kufa. The owopsa a iwo - zowola, chikanga, nematodes nthata. Tiyeni tione ena mwa iwo:

1. White zowola amakhudza masamba ndi zipatso. Zizindikiro za chionongeko ndi kuti Masamba woyamba mbandakucha, ndiye youma. Ngati nyengo yamvula ndiye yomweyo anayamba kuvunda. Monga zipatso, iwonso kuvunda. Chuma cha matenda a strawberries ndi padziko malo anakhudzidwa yokutidwa ndi pachimake zoyera, chomwe mycelium ndi sclerotia pang'onopang'ono unakhazikitsidwa pa izo. Chilimwe zikomo mycelium matenda kuchulukana, ndipo kugonjetsedwa kwambiri kuyanika. zinthu yabwino kwa matenda analengedwa pamene nyengo yamvula ndi ozizira.

Pofuna kuwononga kakulidwe ka matenda, m'pofunika kuyala mbande ayambe okha. Monga ulamuliro, matenda amapezeka kutchire, makamakanso - mu greenhouses kapena pa inaimitsidwa zikhalidwe choimirira. Mwamsanga pamene inu mungazindikire zizindikiro woyamba wa matenda, nthawi yomweyo kuwaza zipatso mankhwala ndi zowola.

2. Gray nkhungu ali ndi digiri yapamwamba ya kufalitsa. Mbali A izi matenda munda sitiroberi ndi nyengo yofunda pokhalabe chinyezi mkulu ingasiyanesiyane 60% ya zipatso. The zotupa yaikulu zimachitika pa ziwembu munda kumene bwino kufalitsidwa mafunde mpweya ndi strawberries wakula kwa nthawi yaitali pa wina ndi malo omwewo. Infection kumachitika mwa masamba akale, udzu ndi zipatso kuonongeka. Mwa zizindikiro za matenda imatchedwa mapangidwe zofiirira mawanga pa zipatso, amene Tingaone imvi fluffy ❖ kuyanika. Ndiye iwo kufota ndi kutha. masamba komanso yokutidwa ndi yamawangamawanga akuda a bulauni mtundu.

Pofuna kuchepetsa kufala kwa osauka matenda a strawberries, muyenera kukula izo pokwera kapena mu mawonekedwe inaimitsidwa. Bowa m'malovu kunyamulidwa ndi mphepo ndi chinyezi. Izo kutiletsa kuti tichoke m'deralo zakhudzana zipatso ndi masamba, chifukwa limatulutsa 12 mibadwo ya spores mu nyengo yotentha. Ndi bwino kulima pachaka, amene ankatanthauza m'minda yotentha tsamba ndi Ndidzawazula kugwa kwake.

3. Black kuvunda atengeke makamaka zipatso, ndi kusiya fungo lawo limakhala bulauni hue ndi madzi. Pa pamwamba anapanga sporangia. The causative wothandizila matendawa alipo pa m'dera lililonse akhudzidwa, makamaka zimakhala yoopsa. matenda uli mwachangu anayamba pa kutentha ndi chinyezi mkulu (85%).

Mwa miyeso kulimbana nthendayo imatchedwa sitiroberi kukula kufunika chikhalidwe mabedi mkulu. njira zimenezi ndi kuteteza kugwiritsa ntchito zida za mankhwala.

4. Strawberry amene matenda achuluke kwambiri, zikhoza kukhala fitoftoroznoy zowola, zimene akuganiza kuti matenda owopsa ndi digiri yapamwamba ya mavuto. Ndi zotsatira za kuchepa mu zokolola za 15%, ngakhale nthawi zina pali chosowa pafupifupi izo. Chiwalo kuwonongeka ndi onse pamwamba-pansi mbali ya zomera (zipatso, masamba, mfundo kukula ndi inflorescence). Kumene, zoipa kwambiri bowa amachititsa zipatso mwachindunji sitiroberi amene molimba leathery mawanga ndi kupangidwa, ndipo thupi limakhala zotanuka kwambiri, chifukwa zovuta apatukane. Kukoma amakhala owawa. Tsinde amakhala zofiirira, afa zitsulo chitsamba. Nthawi zina bowa kuti alowe mu muzu.

Development wa matenda facilitates kulowa chinyezi mu mawonekedwe dontho, ndipo n'chifukwa chitukuko yogwira lidzayamba pambuyo mvula amphamvu kapena mame. Kuteteza tsogolo la mbewu ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mbande yekha mwakale, kuthirira yake ndi machitidwe feteleza.