Mbewu tsopano mungu njuchi maloboti?

Wamba uchi njuchi mungu pafupifupi hafu ya zomera zonse kudyedwa ndi anthu chakudya. Komabe, chifukwa cha zoipa kwambiri, wamphamvu ndi ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito tizilombo mu madera neonicotinoid ofotokoza njuchi anayamba kufa ndi liwiro yaikulu ndi mantha.

pachiswe

Njuchi akufa zikwi ndi zikwi mazana chifukwa cha matenda, kuwonongeka kwa malo okwezeka ndi matenda chiwonongeko cha madera - chodabwitsa chimene Antchito kusiya madera awo, kusiya chakudya chokha zokwanira kukula njuchi wamng'ono ndi mkazi kukhala ndi thanzi. M'midzi chiwonongeko syndrome ndi woopsa kwambiri osati kupanga uchi, komanso zosiyanasiyana zinthu zachilengedwe zimene zimadalira ntchito za madera njuchi.

Osiyana mavairasi ndi mankhwala zoipa poizoni kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti kuposa kulandilidwa ndi mphambu ziwili za ntchito njuchi anatayika m'minda ndipo sanathe kupeza njira mng'oma. Poyamba, chiwerengero cha otaika njuchi musalumphe gawo limodzi.

The zifukwa

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mankhwala zoipa tizirombo, makamaka neonicotinoid ofotokoza kumabweretsa poizoni ndi matenda a ntchito njuchi. Posachedwapa pakhala umboni sayansi kuti tizirombo neonicotinoid n'zogwirizana za kuchuluka kwa milandu, vuto chiwonongeko cha madera.

China chofunika chifukwa kutha kwa njuchi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ena. Anabweretsedwa kuchokera India Varroa mite Varroa ndi n'koopsa chifukwa amachititsa disorientation wa njuchi, komanso chakuti n'zosavuta kwambiri kuti azolowere kuyesayesa kulikonse kuti awononge. nthata izi musaphe okha ntchito njuchi, koma mphutsi yawo ndi parasitic pa, zikubweretsa chakuti ana kusiyiratu. Mwina chifukwa cha ichi, ndi njuchi njuchi ndi kusiya.

zotsatira

Poizoni chifukwa chitetezo zachilengedwe ndi zomera mankhwala, komanso chitukuko cha latsopano matenda, wokhazikika, mitundu ina ya njuchi kuwonjezera pa mndandanda wa mitundu akufuna ikutha.

Matenda, khalidwe sangakwanitse kutha kwa ntchito njuchi - m'malo chodabwitsa lonse, ndi sikelo yake ndi liwiro amakakamizidwa osati asayansi komanso akuluakulu aboma padziko lonse kuganizira zinthu zimene zingasokoneze kuti ulimi ndipo zimadalirana. chakuti osati njuchi alonjezedwa ikutha, koma mitundu ina ya agulugufe, kuphatikizapo gulugufe mfumu.

Njirazi

Boma US Chatuluka njira dziko pofuna kuteteza mungu, malinga ndi umene inakonzedwa ndi 2025 kukwaniritsa zotsatira izi:

• kubwezeretsa thanzi la madera uchi njuchi;
• kuonjezera chiwerengero cha agulugufe East Mafumu kuti mamiliyoni 225;
• bwino ndi woyera mankhwala mahekala mamiliyoni atatu a dziko kupereka malo abwino mungu.

Komabe, zochokera zinachitikira Province cha Ontario, Canada, kuyeretsa kwa dziko lapansi kuchokera neonicotinoids mwina zovuta, ndipo mu 2025 sangakhale okwanira kubereketsa zomera chodzaza m'deralo.

chiletso neonicotinoids

Mu Ontario, ndi maboma azigawo waganiza kuchepetsa ntchito ya tizirombo zoipa ndi 80% ndi 2017, chifukwa iwo kale anapha mamilioni a njuchi.

Kamodzi anabzala mu nthaka kudzala mbewu ankachitira ndi tizirombo neonicotinoid, iwo zimatulutsa zoipa njuchi ndi mungu zina mankhwala mu nthawi yonse ya kukula. Izi zikusiyana ndi Mlengi wa njira processing, amene ankanena kuti mankhwala kuphwanya ndipo musawononge topezeka kudera.

Zigawo za mankhwala amenewa wapezeka m'nthaka ndi zomera. Komanso, kuda mankhwala amenewa akupezeka ngakhale mu minda, musagwiritse ntchito tizirombo. Chinthu ndi njuchi pa kubereketsa zomera kunyamula zinthu zimenezi kuchokera ku mtengo wina ndi mzake, motero kufalitsa mankhwala. Koma izi si koipa. zinthu izi zoipa ndiye anandituma kuti njuchi, zomwe kuvulaza njuchi lonse.

miyeso zamakono

Pamene maboma akuyesetsa kupeza njira yogwira ndi ogwira ofufuza komanso sanakhale pa akungoonerera. Iwo zikukangalika kufunafuna njira zina zothetsera vutoli.

Akatswiri pa University Harvard analenga loboti yaing'ono, kukula kwa njuchi, okhoza kunyamuka fungatirani pang'ono kuchoka pansi.

zinthu zatsopano kapangidwe afalitsidwa magazini Science ndipo zikuimira loboti watsopano monga sitepe imodzi zambiri pa njira chotulukira, luso kupulumutsa topezeka ndi ulimi. Latsopano loboti simungakhoze basi kunyamuka fungatirani pamwamba nthaka, komanso kunyamula kulemera kuposa kapangidwe kale.

Asayansi amene ankagwira ntchito pa Mabaibulo yapita wa robo-njuchi, anakumana ndi zinthu zambiri zovuta, monga povuta kuti kulenga roboti kuti akhoza kukhala kuwala kokwanira kuti tiwolokere mu mlengalenga ndipo alibe kuwononga dongosolo yowawitsa ya duwa. Komabe, anapatsidwa patsogolo zaposachedwapa, asayansi ndi chikhulupiriro chonse kuti, anapatsidwa ndalama iwo adzatha mu zaka khumi zotsatira kulenga maloboti sayansi-zapamwamba kuti akhoza mungu zomera m'malo njuchi.

Mwina kubereketsa zomera maloboti

Popeza kuti maboma a mayiko ambiri ali kwambiri kuganizira kwambiri za alilidi a ulimi kuposa okha njuchi, Mwina wa ndalama kwa ntchito imeneyi luso kumawonjezera kwambiri.

Komabe, robo-njuchi mpaka njira yabwino. Iwo simungakhoze ntchito mogwirizana ngati njuchi kapena lonse njuchi. Kwenikweni kutenga malo a njuchi, makina ayenera kukhala wokhoza kuchita ntchitoyi mosadalira osati kokha, komanso limayang'anira ndi makina ena, amene ayenera kukhala pa mazana osachepera ambiri. Komanso, makina ayenera kukhala ndinapirira ndi wokhoza kuti azolowere zinthu mosiyanasiyana, kapena kulephera kapena imfa ya makina angapo adzasonyeza zimenezo ntchito ya gulu lonse.

Zonsezi ndi zovuta kuganizira ndi kusintha, nchifukwa chake asayansi kuti robo-njuchi akhale yekha yomalizira ndi boma akhale makamaka za kuteteza umoyo wa uchi njuchi moyo ndi kulimbana ndi matenda chiwonongeko cha madera.

Kodi kupulumutsa njuchi?

Zambiri za kafukufuku posachedwapa kuti zimayambitsa kutha njuchi chodabwitsa zikugwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndiponso mankhwala ena zoipa.

Lofalitsidwa mu phunziro June ndi Harvard asayansi neonicotinoids mwachindunji zikugwirizana ndi matenda chiwonongeko cha madera ndipo ananena kuti syndrome izi si chifukwa kukanika kwa madera njuchi, komanso imfa ya njuchi. Dziwani kuti neonicotinoids ali otchuka kwambiri pophika tizirombo.

Tizirombo, fungicides ndi mankhwala zoipa mpaka kalekale ku madera njuchi kulikonse kumene mankhwala amakono ntchito. Phunziro, m'magazini yotchedwa Nature, imanena kuti njuchi atamwa mankhwala ntchito makampani ulimi kawiri monga ayenera kuti kusochera ndipo sangathe kupeza njira mng'oma, mosiyana ndi njuchi amakhala m'madera wathanzi. Komanso, anthu amene sangathe kubwerera ku njuchi, anataya zokolola mu kusonkhana mungu.

Umboni wina chakuti mankhwala a kuyambitsa ikutha njuchi, ndi malo osiyanasiyana mbiri syndrome chiwonongeko ankawalamulira. syndrome ndi ofala m'madera ntchito tizirombo ndi mankhwala.

Njuchi apezeka akufa m'minda, kusonyeza zizindikiro za mankhwala poizoni. Nthawi zina zimakhala zoipa kwambiri moti njuchi sangathe kupeza mphamvu kubwerera kwa mng'oma ndi ndingakafere kumeneko.