Matenda a phospholipid: amayambitsa ndi ma diagnostic

Matenda a Phospholipid ndi achizoloŵezi omwe amachokera kwadzidzidzi. Polimbana ndi matendawa nthawi zambiri pali zilonda za mitsempha, impso, mafupa ndi ziwalo zina. Ngati palibe mankhwala, matendawa angapangitse mavuto owopsa mpaka wodwalayo afa. Komanso, matendawa amapezeka kawirikawiri pamene amayi ali ndi mimba, zomwe zimawonongera thanzi la mayi ndi mwana.

Inde, anthu ambiri akufunafuna zambiri, kufunsa mafunso zokhudzana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. Ndizizindikiro ziti zomwe ndiyenera kuziganizira? Kodi pali kusanthula kwa matenda a phospholipid? Kodi mankhwala angapereke mankhwala othandiza?

Matenda a phospholipid: ndi chiyani?

Kwa nthawi yoyamba matendawa sanafotokozedwe kale. Zambiri zokhudza iye zinafalitsidwa m'ma 1980. Popeza adagwira ntchito yophunzira Chingelezi cha Chingerezi Graham Hughes, matendawa amatchedwa matenda a Hughes. Pali mayina ena - antiphospholipid matenda ndi matenda a antiphospholipid antibodies.

Matenda a phospholipid ndi matenda omwe amachititsa kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chiyambe kupanga ma antibodies omwe amamenyana ndi phospholipids ya thupi. Popeza zinthu zimenezi zili mbali ya makoma a maselo ambiri, zilonda zamtundu umenewu ndizofunika kwambiri:

• Matenda a antibodies amawononga maselo abwino a endothelial, amachepetsa kukula kwake kwa prostacyclin, yomwe imayambitsa kukula kwa makoma a zombo. Kulimbana ndi matendawa kuli kuphwanya kwa platelet aggregation.
• Phospholipids imapezekanso m'makoma a mapaleletseniwo, omwe amachititsa kuti chiwerengero chawo chiwonjezeke, komanso chiwonongeko chofulumira.
• Pamaso pa ma antibodies, pali kuwonjezeka kwa magazi kutseka komanso kuchepa kwa ntchito ya heparin.
• Njira yowonongeka siimadutsa maselo a mitsempha.

Magazi amayamba kugawanika m'mitsempha ya magazi, kupanga mapiritsi a magazi, omwe amachititsa kuti magazi asokonezeke, ndipo chifukwa chake, ntchito za ziwalo zosiyana - ndi momwe phospholipid imayambira. Zotsatira ndi zizindikiro za matendawa ndizochititsa chidwi kwa anthu ambiri. Ndipotu, matendawa amayamba kupezeka, zovuta zochepa zidzakula mwa wodwalayo.

Zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko cha matendawa

N'chifukwa chiyani anthu amapanga phospholipid matenda? Zifukwa zikhoza kukhala zosiyana. Zimadziwika kuti nthawi zambiri odwala amakhala ndi chibadwa choyambirira. Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kosayenera kwa chitetezo cha mthupi, chomwe mwazifukwa zina chimayambitsa ma antibodies ku maselo a thupi lawo. Mulimonsemo, matendawa ayenera kukhala okhumudwa. Pakalipano, asayansi akhala akudziŵa zifukwa zingapo zoopsya:

• Kawirikawiri matenda a phospholipid amayamba chifukwa cha microangiopathies, makamaka trobocytopenia, hemolytic-uremic syndrome.
• Zinthu zoopsa zimaphatikizapo matenda ena omwe amadzimadzimadzimadzi, monga lupus erythematosus, vasculitis, scleroderma.
• Matendawa nthawi zambiri amawonekera pamaso pa ziwalo zowawa m'thupi la wodwalayo.
• Zinthu zoopsa zimaphatikizapo matenda opatsirana. Zoopsa kwambiri ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi a Edzi.
• Ma antibodies angawoneke ndi matenda a DIC.
• Zikudziwika kuti matendawa amatha kupweteka kumbuyo kwa kumwa mankhwala ena, kuphatikizapo mankhwala opatsirana pogonana, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, Novokainamid, ndi zina zotero.

Mwachibadwa, ndikofunikira kupeza chifukwa chake wodwalayo adayambitsa matenda a phospholipid. Kusanthula ndi chithandizo cha mankhwala ayenera kudziwa ngati n'kotheka kuchotsa chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa.

Matenda a mtima ndi matenda a phospholipid

Magazi ndi mitsempha ya magazi ndizo "zoyipa" zoyambirira zomwe zimakhudza matenda a phospholipid. Zizindikiro zake zimadalira pa siteji ya matenda. Thrombi, monga lamulo, poyamba inakhazikitsidwa m'zombo zazing'ono kumapeto. Amasokoneza magazi, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi minofu ischemia. Mphuphu yomwe imakhudzidwa nthawi zonse imakhala yozizira kwambiri, kumatenda khungu, ndi minofu pang'onopang'ono atrophy. Kusokonezeka kwanthaŵi yaitali kwa minofu kumapangitsa kuti necrosis ndi ziphuphu zotsatizana.

Phokoso la mitsempha ya m'mphepete mwachitsulo ndi kotheka, lomwe likuphatikizapo maonekedwe a edema, kupweteka, ndi kusokonezeka. Matenda a phospholipid akhoza kukhala ovuta ndi thrombophlebitis (kutupa kwa makoma a m'mitsempha), omwe amatsagana ndi malungo, kuzizira, kubwezeretsa khungu kumadera okhudzidwa ndi ululu wowawa kwambiri.

Mapangidwe a thrombi m'zombo zikuluzikulu angapangitse kukula kwa zotsatirazi:

• Matenda a Aortic (kuphatikizapo kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kupsinjika mu ziwiya za thupi lapamwamba);
• Matenda a vena cava apamwamba (chifukwa cha chikhalidwe ichi chimadziwika ndi kudzikuza, khungu la khungu, kutuluka mwa mphuno, chithunzithunzi).
• Matenda a otsika vena cava (kuphatikizapo kuphwanya magazi m'thupi, kutupa kwa mapeto, kupweteka m'milingo, miyendo, mimba ndi kubuula).

Thrombosis imakhudza ntchito ya mtima. Kawirikawiri matendawa amaphatikizidwa ndi chitukuko cha angina pectoris, kupitirizabe kuthamanga kwambiri kwa magazi, matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito myocardial infarction.

Kuwonongeka kwa impso ndi zizindikiro zakuya

Mapangidwe a thrombi amachititsa kuphulika kwa magazi, osati pamapeto - ziwalo zathu, makamaka impso, zimadwala. Pokhala ndi chitukuko chochuluka cha matenda a phospholipid, chomwe chimatchedwa kuti chimfine cha impso n'chotheka. Matendawa amaphatikizidwa ndi ululu m'munsi kumbuyo, kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mkodzo ndi kukhalapo kwazitsulo za magazi mmenemo.

Thrombus ikhoza kutseka mitsempha ya nsana, yomwe ikuphatikizapo ululu woopsa, kunyoza ndi kusanza. Izi ndizoopsa - popanda chithandizo, njira yowonjezera ikhoza kuyamba. Kuopsa kwa matenda a phospholipid kumaphatikizansopo nsomba za microangiopathy, zomwe zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimapanga mchere zimapangidwira mwachindunji mu renal glomeruli. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amachititsa kuti chitukuko chisawonongeke.

Nthawi zina pali kuphwanya magazi m'magazi a adrenal, omwe amachititsa kuphwanya mahomoni.

Ndi ziwalo zina ziti zomwe zingakhudzidwe?

Matenda a phospholipid ndi matenda omwe amakhudza ziwalo zambiri. Monga tanenera, ma antibodies amakhudza maselo a maselo a mitsempha, omwe sangathe kuchita popanda zotsatira. Odwala ambiri amadandaula za kupweteka kwa mutu, komwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi chizungulire, kunyoza ndi kusanza. Pali kuthekera kokhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.

Kwa odwala ena, thrombi imapezeka m'mitsempha ya magazi yomwe imapereka magazi kwa analyzer visual. Kutaya kwa nthawi yaitali kwa mpweya ndi zakudya kumapangitsa kuti atseke m'mitsempha ya optic. Matenda otchedwa thrombosis a zotengera za retina ndi mimba yotsatira. Zina mwazidziwitso za diso, mwatsoka, ndizosasinthika: kusokonezeka kwa maso kumakhalabe ndi wodwalayo kwa moyo.

Mu njira yokhala ndi matenda, mafupa akhoza kuthandizanso. Kawirikawiri anthu amadziwika kuti ndi osteoporosis, yomwe imaphatikizapo kutuluka kwa mafupa ndi kuphulika kwafupipafupi. Nseprosis ya mafupa ndi owopsa.

Matendawa amadziwika ndi khungu. Kawirikawiri khungu la kumtunda ndi kumapeto kwake, maofesi olumala amapangidwa. Nthaŵi zina mumatha kuthamanga kwambiri, zomwe zimafanana ndi zochepetsetsa, zomwe zimatulutsa magazi. Odwala ena amapanga erythema pa mapazi ndi palmu. Pali kawirikawiri mapangidwe a hematomas (osadziwika chifukwa) ndi kuwonongeka kwa magazi pansi pa nsanamira. Kusokonezeka kwa nthawi yaitali kwa katatu kumaphatikizapo maonekedwe a zilonda, zomwe kwa nthawi yaitali zimachiza ndi zovuta kuchiza.

Tinazindikira kuti matenda a phospholipid ndi otani. Zifukwa ndi zizindikiro za matenda ndizofunikira kwambiri. Ndiponsotu, zimachokera kuzifukwa zomwe chithandizo chamankhwala chosankhidwa ndi dokotala chidzadalira.

Matenda a Phospholipid: matenda

Inde, pakadali pano ndikofunikira kwambiri kuzindikira kuti pali matendawa m'kupita kwanthawi. Matenda a phospholipid akudwalitsa adokotala akadatha kusonkhanitsa anamnesis. Kulongosola lingaliro limeneli ndi thrombosis ndi odwala zilonda zam'thupi, nthawi zambiri zolephereka, zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa magazi. Inde, kufufuza kwina kukuchitidwa.

Kufufuza kwa matenda a phospholipid ndiko kudziwa kuchuluka kwa maselo a phospholipid m'magazi a odwala. Mu kuyesa kwa magazi, mukhoza kuona kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha platelet, kuwonjezeka kwa ESR, kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha leukocyte. Kawirikawiri, matendawa amaphatikizidwa ndi magazi a hemolytic, omwe amatha kuwonanso panthawi yophunzira ma laboratory.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuyesa magazi kumayambitsa magazi. Odwala, kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha gamma globulins kumaonedwa. Ngati chiwindi chimawonongeka pamtunda, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa bilirubin ndi alkaline phosphatase kumawonjezeka m'magazi . Pamaso pa matenda a impso, kuwonjezeka kwa mlingo wa creatinine ndi urea kungawonedwe.

Odwala ena amalimbikitsidwa kuti aziyeza magazi. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wa ma laboratory akhoza kuchitidwa kuti adziwe kuti chifuwa chachikulu ndi lupus coagulant. Pamene matenda a phospholipid m'magazi amatha kuzindikira kuti pali ma antibodies, kuwonjezera mlingo wa ma lymphocytes. Ngati pali zifukwa zowonongeka kwambiri ku chiwindi, impso, mafupa, ndiye kufufuza mozama kumachitika, kuphatikizapo X-ray, ultrasound, tomography.

Kodi mavutowa ndi chiyani?

Ngati palibe chithandizo, matenda a phospholipid angapangitse mavuto aakulu. Polimbana ndi matendawa, mafinya amapanga mitsempha ya mitsempha, yomwe ndi yoopsa pokhapokha. Magazi amavala zitsulo zamagetsi, kusokoneza ma circulation wamba - ziwalo ndi ziwalo sizilandira zakudya zokwanira komanso mpweya wabwino.

Kawirikawiri, motsatira mliri wa matendawa odwala amayamba kupwetekedwa ndi matenda a myocardial infarction. Kutseka kwa zombo za m'mphepete kungachititse kuti chiphuphu chimakula. Monga tanenera kale, odwala ali ndi vuto lalikulu muntchito ya impso ndi adrenal glands. Zotsatira zoopsa kwambiri ndi thromboembolism ya mitsempha ya pulmonary - matendawa amakula mofulumira, ndipo nthawi zonse wodwalayo amatha kupereka kuchipatala m'kupita kwanthawi.

Mimba mwa odwala okhala ndi phospholipid

Monga tanena kale, matenda a phospholipid amapezeka panthawi ya mimba. Kodi chiopsezo cha matenda ndi chiyani choti chichitike muzochitika zoterezi?

Chifukwa cha matenda a phospholipid, mitsempha ya mitsempha imapanga mitsuko, yomwe imatseka mitsempha yomwe imanyamula magazi ku placenta. Mwana wosabadwayo salandira oxygen ndi zakudya zokwanira, mu 95% amachititsa kupita padera. Ngakhalenso ngati mimbayo isasokonezedwe, pangakhale chiopsezo choyipa choyamba ndi kukula kwa gestosis yamapeto, yomwe ndi yoopsa kwa mayi ndi mwana.

Momwemo, mkazi ayenera kuyesedwa pa siteji yokonzekera. Komabe, matenda a phospholipid amapezeka nthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba. Zikatero ndizofunikira kuzindikira kuti pali matendawa m'kupita kwa nthawi ndikuchitapo kanthu. Pofuna kupewa thrombosis ya mayi wam'mbuyo amatha kusankhidwa kulandira mankhwala a antiticoagulants pang'onopang'ono. Kuonjezera apo, mayi ayenera kupitiliza kuyesedwa kuti dokotala adziwe kuwonongeka kwakukulu. Mwezi yochepa, amayi amtsogolo amayamba njira yothetsera vutoli, kutenga mankhwala omwe ali ndi mavitamini, mchere ndi antioxidants. Ndi njira yoyenera, mimba nthawi zambiri imathera bwino.

Kodi mankhwalawa amawoneka bwanji?

Kodi mungatani ngati munthu ali ndi matenda a phospholipid? Chithandizo pa nkhaniyi ndi chovuta, ndipo zimadalira kukhalapo kwa wodwala mavuto ena. Popeza magazi amawoneka pambali pa matendawa, mankhwalawa makamaka amaphatikizapo kuchepetsa magazi. Mankhwalawa, monga lamulo, akuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito magulu angapo a mankhwala:

• Poyamba, ma antiticagulants a zochita zosaonekera ndi antiplatelet agents ("Aspirin", "Warfarin") akulamulidwa.
• Kawirikawiri, mankhwalawa amakhala ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe sakhala ndi steroidal, makamaka "Nimesulide" kapena "Celecoxib."
• Ngati matendawa akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi systemic lupus erythematosus ndi matenda ena, adokotala akhoza kupereka glucocorticoids (anti-inflammatory drugs). Pamodzi ndi izi, mankhwala osokoneza bongo angagwiritsidwe ntchito omwe amalepheretsa ntchito ya chitetezo cha mthupi komanso kuchepetsa kupanga ma antibodies owopsa.
• Nthawi zina amayi oyembekezera amapatsidwa immunoglobulin.
• Odwala nthawi zonse amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi mavitamini a B.
• Kuti zitheke bwino, kuteteza mitsempha ya mitsempha ndi maselo am'kati, mankhwala ophera antioxidant amagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso zokonzekera zomwe zili ndi zovuta za polyunsaturated mafuta acids (Omakor, Mexicor).

Zothandiza pa chikhalidwe cha wodwala ndi njira ya electrophoresis. Ngati ndi yachiwiri ya phospholipid, ndikofunika kuti muyambe matenda oyambirira. Mwachitsanzo, odwala opatsirana ndi lupus ayenera kulandira chithandizo chokwanira kwa matendawa. Ndikofunika kudziwa nthawi yodwala matendawa komanso kuchita mankhwala oyenerera mpaka kuchiritsa (ngati n'kotheka).

Majekesero kwa odwala

Ngati matenda a phospholipid amapezeka pa nthawi ndipo wodwala analandira thandizo lofunika, ndiye kuti matendawa ndi abwino kwambiri. Ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti simungathe kuchotsa matendawa kwamuyaya, koma mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala omwe amatha kuchepetsa zovutazo ndikuchita chithandizo cha mankhwala a thrombosis. Zoopsa ndizochitika momwe matendawa amagwirizanirana ndi thrombocytopenia ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Mulimonsemo, odwala onse omwe ali ndi matenda a "phospholipid" ayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi rheumatologist. Kupyolera mwa angati omwe akubwereza kafukufukuwo, ndi kangati pakufunika kukayezetsa ndi madotolo ena, zomwe mukuyenera kukonzekera, momwe mungayang'anire mkhalidwe wa thupi lanu - dokotala yemwe akuyang'anira adzanena zonsezi.