Mapiri a kungomanga Baikal: Zitsanzo

mbiriyakale yonse miyala ya Lapansi (zaka za biliyoni 4.5 zaka) ndi unazunguliridwa mu kakang'ono geochronological tebulo analemba asayansi. Panthawi imeneyi, iwo anagawikana ndi kusuntha m'maiko ndi nyanja asintha chikhalidwe chawo. Padziko lathuli anapanga mapiri, ndiye adaonongedwa, ndiyeno malo awo adanyamuka latsopano mapiri - aakulu ndipo ngakhale apamwamba.

M'nkhani ino tikukamba pa chimodzi cha nyengo loyambirira la Dziko Dongosolo - za Baikal. nthawi yaitali bwanji zinatha? Amene mapiri chikanachitika pa nthawi ino? Ndipo kodi mapiri a Baikal kungomanga - mkulu kapena otsika?

Nthawi ya kungomanga Earth

Mbiri yonse ya nyumba phiri padziko lathuli lagawidwa ndi asayansi mu nthawi ochiritsira, nthawi, nawayitana lopinda. Tinachita kwakukulu kwa mayiko. Ndithudi, palibe chiphwanya mu mapangidwe padziko lapansi sanachitepo.

Chiwerengero cha nthaŵi m'mbiri ya dziko chionekera asanu. Dongosolo wamkulu - Archean, ndipo atsopano - Alpine, omwe akupitiriza lero. Ili pansipa ndi onse kungomanga miyala ya Dziko Lapansi, kuti mumve:

• Archean (zaka biliyoni 4,5-1,2 zapitazo).
• Baikal (zaka biliyoni 1,2-0,5 zapitazo).
• Caledonian (zaka miliyoni 500-400 zapitazo).
• Hercynian (zaka miliyoni 400-230 zapitazo).
• Mesozoic (zaka miliyoni 160-65 zapitazo).
• Alpine (zaka 65 miliyoni zapitazo masiku ano).

Geomorphology nyumba kuti inakhazikitsidwa kaya zaka phiri nyumba amatchedwa mogwirizana - Baikalides, Hercynides, Caledonides etc ...

Yotsatira tidzakambirana mwatsatanetsatane mapiri wotchuka wa kungomanga Baikal. Tiuzeni kumene zili ndi momwe kuyang'ana kunja.

Baikal khola: chimango kuchuluka ndi makhalidwe ambiri a chi

Nthawi ya orogeny lapansi, kuyambira nthaŵi imene zaka 650 miliyoni 550 Geological mbiri Dziko Lapansi (Riphean - Mathanthwe) ankatchedwa kungomanga Baikal. Iwo unayamba pafupifupi 1.2 biliyoni zapitazo ndipo unatha pafupifupi 500 miliyoni zapitazo. nyengo Geological unatchedwa Nyanja Baikal, monga kum'mwera kwa Siberia chinapangidwa pa nthawi ino. Mawu akuti anali woyamba ntchito ndi Russian miyala ndi nthaka Nikolai Shatsky mu 30 ntchentche.

Dongosolo Baikal, mosiya chifukwa kutsegula njira za kuphulika kwa mapiri ndi granitisation mu matanthwe a pansi padziko, anapanga chiwerengero cha nyumba yatsopano Geological pa thupi la dziko lathuli. Monga ulamuliro, maphunziro unabuka kumalire a nsanja wakale.

Chitsanzo mapiri Baikal kungomanga angapezeke pa dera la Russia. Mwachitsanzo, Khamar-Daban mapiri mu Buryatia ndi Timan Ridge kumpoto. Kodi iwo kuyang'ana kunja? Mapiri a kungomanga Baikal adzakhala mkulu kapena otsika? Tiyeni tiyankhe funso limeneli.

Kodi Baikalides

Baikalides inakhazikitsidwa kalekale. Ngakhale mfundo za nthawi miyala. Choncho n'zomveka kuti ambiri a iwo tsopano ali mu mkhalidwe dilapidated. Kwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri, nyumba amenewa pansi denudation yogwira adaonongedwa ndi kusintha mphepo, mpweya, kutentha. Choncho, mapiri a kungomanga Baikal ndi otsika kapena odziletsa msinkhu.

Ndithudi, Baikalides okwera kawirikawiri upambana mamita 2000 pamwamba pa nyanja. Izi zikhoza pomuona Tikayerekeza mapu thupi ndi tectonic a Dziko Lapansi. Pa mapu Geological ndi tectonic la mapiri a kungomanga Baikal, monga ulamuliro, chilemba wofiirira.

Komabe, Baikalides wakale m'madera ambiri padziko lonse akhala pang'ono anachira (mphamvu) Patapita ya m'mapiri kayendedwe tectonic. Mwachitsanzo, izo zinachitika mu Caucasus ndi Turkey.

Ndi nyumba za miyala ya Baikal kungomanga kwambiri zimakonda nkhokwe yaikulu zitsulo sanali akakhala. Choncho, m'kati mwa iwo anasanja madipoziti wachuma wa mankhwala enaake, tini, nthaka, mkuwa ndi tini.

Mapiri a kungomanga Baikal: Zitsanzo

formations Geological a m'badwo uno zimapezeka mu madera osiyana a dziko. Iwo ali mu Russia ndi Kazakhstan, Iran, Turkey, India, France ndi Australia. Baikalides ili m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yofiira pang'ono kuphimba dera la Brazil.

Nkofunika kudziwa kuti mawu akuti "Baikal lopinda" ndi wamba chabe mu mabuku a sayansi a malo pambuyo Soviet. M'mayiko ena, nthawi iyi akutchedwa mosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, ku Ulaya mu nthawi zizigwirizana Kadoma ndi yopindika Assyntian, Australia - Luinskaya, Brazil - Brazil dzina chomwecho.

Mkati Russia ndi Baikalides wotchuka ankaona geomorphology kapangidwe:

• Kum'mawa Sayan.
• Khamar-Daban.
• Baikal Mountains.
• Yenisei Ridge.
• Timan Ridge.
• Patom okwera.

Baikal mapiri lopinda mu Russia. Baikal Mountains

Dzina izi osiyanasiyana phiri ndi consonant ndi dzina la lothandiza ife mumasanthula orogeny. Choncho, tidzayamba waukulu khalidwe Baikalides Russia.

Baikal Mountains m'mphepete chigwa cha nyanja kuchokera kumpoto chakumadzulo. Tili ndi dera Irkutsk ndi Buryatia. The utali wonse wa lokwera ndi makilomita 300.

Kumpoto kwa kapangidwe Geological akupitiriza zithunzi Ridge Akitkan. Kutalika avareji Baikalides imeneyi amakhala pakati pa mamita 1800-2100. The chimbuzi cha lokwera la - ndi Cherskogo pamwamba (2588 m). phiri ndi dzina lake polemekeza malo, amene anapanga zopereka kwambiri kuphunzira chikhalidwe cha dera Baikal.

kum'mawa Sayan Mountains

Kum'mawa Sayan Mountains - waukulu mapiri kum'mwera Siberia motsatizana pafupifupi zikwi makilomita. Mwina amphamvu kwambiri pakati Baikalides Russia. The chimbuzi ukufika 3491 East Sajana mita (Mountain Munch-Sardyk).

East Sayans anapeka makamaka zovuta crystalline thanthwe - gneiss, quartzite, amphibolite ndi za nsangalabwi. Kozama ake anapeza madipoziti lalikulu la golide, bauxite ndi graphite. Akuti wokongola kwambiri chimathandiza kum'mawa kwa mapiri, ikutchedwa ndi alendo Tunkinskie Alps.

The ambiri anayamba (mawu a orographic) East Sajana gawo lapadera. Amakhala ndi mitandadza mapiri ataliatali, amene yodziwika ndi zomera subalpine ndi mtundu malo. Mu kum'mawa Sayan kurums ambiri. Ichi ndi yaikulu m'dera la madipoziti mwala, wopangidwa mwa zidutswa coarse wa miyala zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.

phiri Byrranga

Byrranga - wina zambiri zosangalatsa mapiri a kungomanga Baikal. Iwo ili kumpoto Taimyr Peninsula. Mapiri ndi mndandanda wa zitunda munthu, madambo undulating ndi zitunda zathyathyathya, maphompho kwambiri ndi olimbika ufa zigwa. The okwana kutalika kwa mapiri - za 1,100 makilomita.

"Pali ufumu wa mizimu ya kuipa, mwala, ayezi ndi china" - kotero analemba za malo awa Nganasans, oimira mwa anthu zamakolo za anthu a Siberia. Woyamba kujambula mapu a mapiri Byrranga Russian wofufuza Alexander Middendorf.

mapiri Awa ndi wochepa kwambiri. Ngakhale mokongola chidwi monga ili kumanja pa nyanja. Zolemba malire kutalika kwa mfundo mamita 1146 chokha. Thandizo izi osiyanasiyana phiri ndi yosiyanasiyana. Apa mutha kuona phompho ndi wofatsa otsetsereka, kuphwa ndi zisonga nsonga, komanso yaikulu zosiyanasiyana mitundu ayezi.

Yenisei ndi Timan Ridge

Baikalides wodziwa Russia, ife adzatsiriza za zitunda awiri - ndi Yenisei ndi Timan. Woyamba ili mu chapakati ku Siberia Plateau , ndi kokha m'madera ena, mamita oposa chikwi mu msinkhu. Yenisei Ridge zovuta wakale ndi zovuta kwambiri miyala - conglomerates, shales, sandstones ndi mumsampha. Kapangidwe wolemera mu chitsulo miyala, bauxite ndi golide.

Timan Ridge lili kumpoto kwa dziko. Iwo umachokera ku Nyanja Barents kuchokera gombe ndi pafupi ndi mapiri a Ural. The okwana kutalika kwa mapiri - za 950 Km. Boules anasonyeza ofooka mu mpumulo. Ambiri anakweza mbali chapakati, ndilo chimbuzi - Chetlassky mwala (msinkhu wa mamita 471 okha). Monga mwa dongosolo la kungomanga Baikal, Timan Ridge wolemera mchere (titaniyamu, bauxite, sibu, etc.).