Zokwawa - Mwachitsanzo. Achule ndi zokwawa

Aliyense wa ife, ngakhale zithunzi, anaona achule ndi abuluzi, ng'ona ndi achule - nyama za gulu la achule ndi zokwawa. Chitsanzo watipatsa ayi yekha. Zilombozi ndithu ambiri. Koma apa pali m'mene Amakuuza ndani ndi ndani? The achule osiyana ndi zokwawa, ndi momwe kwambiri kusiyana?

Ng'ona ndi umodzi wa achule angathe azikhala mu dziwe chomwecho. Choncho, zikuoneka kuti angaone ngati ali banja ndipo ali ndi makolo wamba. Koma ichi ndi cholakwa chachikulu. Nyama zimenezi a magulu osiyanasiyana taxonomic. Pakati pawo zambiri kusiyana ofunika. Ndipo iwo sali okha mu maonekedwe ndi kukula. Ng'ona ndi buluzi - chokwawa ndi chule ndi umodzi wa achule - achule.

Komabe, achule ndi zokwawa, ndi ena zofanana. Iwo amakonda malo ndi nyengo yofunda. Komabe, achule akusankha malo achinyezi, bwino pafupi madzi. Koma izi malinga ndi chakuti iwo kubereka yekha mu madzi. Zokwawa ndi zosagwirizana ndi matupi madzi. Iwo M'malo mwake, amakonda kukhala zigawo zambiri youma ndi yotentha.

Tiyeni tiyang'ane pa kapangidwe ndi mbali thupi zapoizoni ndi achule, ndi kufanizira momwe iwo amasiyana Chrixitu.

Maphunziro zokwawa (zokwawa)

Maphunziro zokwawa kapena zokwawa - ichi nyama. Iwo nalo dzina lake chifukwa cha mmene iwo kusuntha. Zokwawa sapita pansi, zimatuluka. Iyo inali nthawi yoyamba chokwawa kwathunthu anazimitsa madzi kutera wamoyo. Makolo a nyama ambiri Zafalikira dziko. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa zokwawa ndi mkati umuna ndi luso kuikira mazira, wolemera mu zakudya. Iwo kudziteteza chipolopolo wandiweyani, womwenso calcium. Ndi mphamvu kuti kuika mazira chinachititsa kuti zapoizoni kuchokera mosungiramo pa dziko.

Kapangidwe ka zokwawa za

zokwawa thupi maphunziro olimba - mamba. Iwo kuli ataphimbidwa ndi khungu zapoizoni. Kumatetezera iwo ku imfa chinyezi. Chokwawa khungu ndi nthawi youma. Evaporation kumachitika mwa izo. Choncho, njoka ndi abuluzi angathe kukhala m'chipululu, popanda akukumana nkhawa.

Zokwawa kupuma mothandizidwa ndi mapapo ndithu bwino anayamba. Nkofunika kuti tima kupuma zokwawa anapangidwa zikomo zotheka kuti zikamera wa ayambe latsopano dipatimenti mafupa. The thorax ndi nthawi yoyamba pali chokwawa. Iwo aumbike mwa nthiti anakafika ku vertebrae lapansi. Kumbali ventral iwo olumikiza sternum lapansi. Chifukwa nthiti minofu wapadera kusintha. Izi facilitates patsogolo pachifuwa pa kudzoza.

Zokwawa kalasi zasintha ndi gawo la m'thupi. Ichi ndi chifukwa zovuta kuchuluka kwa dongosolo la m'mapapo. Ambiri zapoizoni, atatu chipinda mtima, komanso achule, awiri kufalitsidwa. Komabe, pali kusiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kugawa mu ventricle lapansi. Ndi kuchepetsa mtima ndi pafupifupi ukugawa mu amachepetsa awiri (kumanja - venous, anasiya - wolumikizira). Malo ziwiya waukulu magazi bwino delineates ndi wolumikizira ndi nthenda yotaya venous. Chifukwa cha - thupi chokwawa umaperekedwa ndi magazi, mpweya, bwino. Iwo anakhazikitsa pa njira intercellular kuwombola ndi mankhwala linanena bungwe kagayidwe kachakudya ndi mpweya ndi thupi. Pali zosiyana mu kalasi zapoizoni, chitsanzo - ndi ng'ona. mtima wake Quad.

Main mitsempha yaikulu ya ang'ono ndi lalikulu makope thunthu chimodzimodzi kwa magulu onse a inakhala lapansi. Ndithudi, palibe kusiyana kakang'ono, ndipo palibe. Zokwawa mu kufalitsa m'mapapo mwanga mbisoweka mitsempha cutaneous ndi mitsempha. Only ndi m'mapapo mwanga ziwiya.

Panopa pali za 8 zikwi. Zokwawa. Iwo amakhala pa paliponse, kuwonjezera, ndithudi, Antarctica. Alinso ndi malamulo anayi zapoizoni: ng'ona, wazikang'a, akamba ndi pervoyaschery.

kubalana zapoizoni

Mosiyana nsomba ndi achule, zokwawa kuswana mkati. Iwo dioecious. The wamwamuna ali ndi thupi wapadera, amene alowa cloaca wa umuna wamkazi. Iwo kudutsa dzira, ndiye umuna kumachitika. mazira kukhala mu thupi la mkazi. Kenako kutchera iwo mu malo lolinganizidwa pasadakhale, kawirikawiri anakumba dzenje. Kunja chokwawa mazira okutidwa ndi wandiweyani chipolopolo calcium. Iwo ndi nyongolosi ndi mwa kundipatsako kwa zakudya. Ku dzira akutuluka ndi larva sindimakonda nsomba kapena achule, ndi waluso mwa ufulu wa munthu. Choncho, kuswana zapoizoni mfundo ku gawo lina. Ndisanaumbidwe amaloŵamo magawo onse a chitukuko dzira. Pambuyo kuswa, izo sikudalira thupi madzi ndi mwina kupulumuka paokha. Kawirikawiri, akuluakulu alibe nazo ana awo.

The achule kalasi

Achule kapena amphibian - chule, achule ndi newts. Iwo ali, kupatulapo ochepa, nthawi zonse amakhala pafupi ndi dziwe. Koma pali mitundu amene amakhala m'chipululu, monga mphika umodzi wa achule madzi. Mu mvula ndi kupeza madzi mu m'mapaketi subcutaneous. Thupi lake ndi mpweya. Ndiye izo kuika yokha mu mchenga ndi kumasuka yambiri ntchofu, izo akukumana chilala yaitali. Panopa pali za 3.400 mitundu ya achule. Iwo agawidwa m'magulu awiri - tailed ndi tailless. Gulu loyamba zikuphatikizapo salamanders ndi newts, wachiwiri - achule ndi achule.

Achule ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi gulu la nyama zokwawa, chitsanzo - kapangidwe ka thupi ndi chiwalo kachitidwe, komanso njira kubalana. Monga makolo awo nsomba, iwo kuikira mazira mu madzi. Kuti tichite zimenezi, achule nthawi zambiri kufunafuna dziwe la, wosiyana ndi thupi waukulu wa madzi. Pali zimachitika chonde ndi chitukuko larval. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pa kuswana ndi achule kupita ku madzi. Izi kumalepheretsa kwambiri resettlement zawo ndi malire pa gulu. Mitundu yochepa kuti ndinazolowera moyo kutali malo. Iwo adzabereka mwana apangidwa. Ndicho chifukwa nyama zimenezi zimatchedwa theka-m'madzi.

Achule - woyamba wa chordates, amene anayamba nthambi. Chifukwa umenewu mmbuyomu, adakhoza kulowa m'dziko. Izi, kumene, kwachititsa kusintha kwa nyama zimenezi si anatomical koma thupi. Poyerekeza ndi mitundu otsala mu sing'anga amadzimadzi mu achule zambiri yotakata pachifuwa. Izi zachititsa kuti chitukuko ndi kuvuta m'mapapo. Achule angwiro ziwalo kumva ndi kuona.

malo a achule

Ngati zokwawa, achule amakonda kukhala zigawo ofunda. Childs, chule zopezeka mu malo achinyezi pafupi madzi. Koma iwo Tingaone ndi meadows ndi nkhalango, makamaka mvula. Ena mitundu akule bwino ngakhale zipululu. Mwachitsanzo, ku Australia umodzi wa achule. Iwo bwino ndinazolowera amakhalanso ndi chilala yaitali. Izi zikachitika, achule ena ndithudi anamwalira mofulumira. Koma waphunzira kudziunjikira madzi ofunikira m'matumba subcutaneous nthawi ya mvula. Komanso, mu nthawi iyi, izo imabereka, kuika mazira puddles. Tadpoles kwa kutembenuka kwathunthu kwa mwezi umodzi wokha. umodzi wa achule Australia mu kwambiri zinthu mtundu wake, osati anapeza njira kubereka, komanso bwinobwino kufunafuna okha kulemba.

Kusiyana pakati pa zokwawa ku achule

Ngakhale pa koyamba zikuoneka kuti achule si wosiyana kwambiri kuchokera zokwawa, si choncho. Ndipotu, kufanana si kwambiri. Achule ndi ziwalo zochepa patsogolo ndipo anayamba gulu la zapoizoni, chitsanzo - amphibian mphutsi ndi makutu, pamene ana chokwawa amabadwa ndi kuwala kwaiye. Mu chilungamo tisaiwale kuti newts, ndipo achule, ndipo akamba, ndipo ngakhale njoka mwina azikhala m'dera la posungira wina. Choncho ena sindikuwona kusiyana kwambiri squads awa, nthawi zambiri kusokonezedwa ndi ndani. Koma kusiyana lofunika salola inu kuphatikiza mitundu ya mu m'kalasi lomwelo. Achule nthawi zonse kudalira pa malo awo okhala, mwachitsanzo mosungiramo, nthawi zambiri iwo sangachoke. Popeza zokwawa zosiyana. Mu nkhani ya chilala akhoza yochepa ulendo ndi kupeza malo abwino kwambiri.

Izi ndi zotheka kukuchitika chifukwa chakuti khungu zapoizoni ali ndi mamba tentha mthupi kuti musalole kuti madzi asanduke nthunzi. Chokwawa khungu ulibe zopangitsa secrete ntchofu, choncho nthawi zonse youma. thupi lawo zimatetezedwa ku atayanika kunja, amene amawapatsa mwayi osiyana mu nyengo youma. Pakuti zokwawa yodziwika ndi molting. Mwachitsanzo, thupi la njoka amalima mpaka kalekale. khungu lake "zisathe." Iwo ziletsa kukula, kotero chaka chilichonse "resets" iwo. Achule maliseche khungu. Muli zopangitsa secrete ntchofu. Koma angathe kutenga kutentha sitiroko pamene kwambiri kutentha amphibian.

Makolo a zokwawa ndipo achule

Makolo a achule anali crossopterygian nsomba. Kuyambira zipsepse wophatikizidwa ndipo kenako anaumba miyendo zisanu atagwira. Kapangidwe kunja zapoizoni amasonyeza kuti makolo awo anali zokwawa. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi onse anatomical ndi kufanana thupi. Pakati inakhala, ndi mayunitsi woyamba wa chilengedwe m'madzi, ndipo anapita kumtunda. Kwa zaka masauzande ambiri, ali patsogolo pa mitundu ina. Chilombocho kuthetsa ulamuliro uwu wa nyama. N'chifukwa chiyani kuchitika, sakudziwika bwinobwino. Pali mfundo zambiri, ambiri omwe ndi umboni wosatsutsika. Izi ngoziyo lonse chifukwa cha kugwa kwa kugwa kwa miyala yochokera, ndi zikamera wa zomera maluwa, ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Kenako, zokwawa ambiri kubwerera ku malo m'madzi. Koma ziwalo iwo anali abwino kwambiri moyo pa dziko. Panopa nthumwi za mitundu amenewa ndi kamba nyanja.

Kusiyana kapangidwe ka ziwalo

Achule ndi zokwawa kupuma mpweya mumlengalenga m'mapapo. Koma amphibian mphutsi zasungidwa makutu. Zokwawa komanso alibe iwo. Komanso, mu zokwawa zovuta kwambiri mantha dongosolo. Ali zoyamba za oziziritsa kotekisi, cerebellum, ndi mphamvu zambiri otukuka. Ng'ona, abuluzi ndi chameleons ali bwino ndinazolowera moyo pa dziko. Iwo zimamva angwiro, pamaso, mokwanira anayamba ndi ziwalo za kukoma, kununkhira. Kumva kukoma ngati achule ndi pafupifupi kwina. Ngakhale kuti iwo ali chitukuko chachikulu, ankatha kununkhiza.

Mu zokwawa kobvuta machitidwe magazi ndi excretory. magazi awo m'zotengera lalikulu bwino ogaŵikana wolumikizira ndi venous. Komanso, zokwawa mbisoweka ziwiya cutaneous, amene bwino yapangidwa achule. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti pafupifupi theka la achule mpweya ndi newts anawakonzera kupuma cutaneous. Pansi pa madzi, iwo alibe ntchito m'mapapo. Zokwawa komanso chimodzimodzi singakwanitse kutenga oxygen. Choncho mitsempha khungu ndi mitsempha safuna iwo. Iwo kupuma mapapo mwapadera bwino anakamba.

Achule ndi zokwawa osiyana chiwerengero msana. Mu zokwawa, pali asanu, ndipo achule - anayi. Mitundu tailless palibe nthiti.

Kusiyana njira kafalitsidwe

Nsomba, achule, zokwawa ndithu osiyana akafuna kafalitsidwe. Zokwawa umuna ndi mkati. Mazira anapanga mkati yaikazi. Ndiye, monga ulamuliro, izo amaziika izo mu dzenje zakale ndiponso mmene ankachitira dropwise pamwamba. Mofananamo zinthu monga ng'ona, ndipo akamba. Young zimaswa mtima wonse akupangidwa ku akuluakulu zosiyana okha kukula. Palinso zokwawa viviparous. Iwo "kubadwa" mu dziko mwana aumbike mwa chipolopolo leathery. Njira imeneyi kafalitsidwe chibadidwe ena mitundu ya njoka. Anabadwa mwana akuswa khungu ndi amakwawa. Iye amatitsogolera ndi ufulu. Ndi mphamvu ya kuikira mazira mu Dura anapereka mwayi zamoyo zinachita kuti zokwawa kuti achule. Zimenezi zinathandiza kuti athetse iwo mu madera osiyana a dziko. Iwo kulibe m'nkhalango, m'zipululu, m'mapiri ndiponso m'zigwa. Features ya kapangidwe ka zokwawa ndi kuwalola kukhala madzi.

Mu achule kuswana amapezeka mu dziwe. zazikazi zimaswana mu madzi. Palinso analola amuna umuna kuti fertilizes dzira. zimaswa Choyamba mphutsi. Pambuyo miyezi iwiri kapena itatu iwo potsiriza kukhala wamng'ono.

Moyo zokwawa ndipo achule

achule ambiri amabadwa kokha mmadzi, ndi onse akadzakula Akupereka pa dziko. Koma pali mitundu ya achule monga newts, amene musatisiye malo m'madzi. Mu sinali bwino, mitundu ngati dziko monga achule, achule angabwerenso mu dziwe. Iwo kudya zomera achule chakudya ndi invertebrates. Iwo amakhala nthawi yaitali. Ena mitundu ya achule zimatha kukhala zaka 8 ndipo newts - zaka 3 yekha.

Features zapoizoni kuti iwo Musati muzidalira pa madzi. Iwo amatha kuchulukana, ndipo sanamwe. Zokwawa kudya zakudya zosiyanasiyana. The zakudya tichipeza abuluzi yaing'ono, tizilombo. Nyoka kusakasaka makoswe. Iwo akhoza kudya ndi mbalame mazira. Ng'ona ndi abuluzi amakonda chisawawa zamiyendo Inayi - nswala, agwape ndi madzi ngakhale lalikulu njati. Akamba chakudya zamasamba. Zokwawa - azaka zoposa weniweni. Anapeza akamba, amene m'badwo zaka zoposa 200. Ng'ona kukhala ndi moyo zaka 80, ndipo njoka ndi abuluzi - 50.

anapezazo

Zokwawa n'zosiyana achule pa magawo zotsatirazi:

1. deta Location. Achule amakonda malo achinyezi ndi yonyowa pafupi madzi. Zokwawa ndi zosagwirizana ndi madzi.

2. khungu zapoizoni ulibe zopangitsa. Ndi youma wokutidwa ndi mamba. Mu achule ndi M'malo mwake, ali lili ndi zopangitsa kuti secrete yambiri ntchofu.

3. zokwawa khalidwe la molt.

4. makolo zapoizoni - achule.

5. zokwawa zambiri olemera ndi kuyengedwa machitidwe mantha ndi magazi.

6. ng'ona, abuluzi, njoka ndi zina mitundu umuna ndi mkati.

7. achule anayi msana, ndi zokwawa asanu. Izi ali kufanana nyama ndi zokwawa.

mfundo zosangalatsa

The zokwawa ambiri chachikulu chimene wakhalapo pa dziko lapansi, ndi zinyamazi. Iwo mbisoweka pafupifupi mamiliyoni 65 zapitazo. Iwo kumene kuli nyanja ndi dziko. Ena mitundu timatha kuuluka. Panopa kwambiri zokwawa wakale ndi akamba. Ali ndi zaka zoposa 300 miliyoni. Zinakhalapo m'nyengo ya zinyamazi. Pang'ono atabwera ng'ona woyamba ndi abuluzi (chithunzi angaonedwe m'nkhani ino). Njoka "yekha" miliyoni zaka 20. Izi ndi maonekedwe ndi achinyamata. Ngakhale anachokera panopa chimodzi cha zinsinsi zazikulu za sayansi.