Maphunziro Oblomov ndi Stolz. Maphunziro Stolz mu buku la "Oblomov"

VG Belinsky adanena kuti ndi maphunziro a chiwonongeko cha munthu aliyense chomwe chigamulidwa. Izi zikhoza kunenedwa mokwanira kwa Oblomov Ilya Ilyich ndi Shtoltsu Andrei Ivanovich - awiri ofunika kwambiri mu buku la "Oblomov" IA Goncharov. Anthu awa, zikuwoneka, akuchokera ku malo omwewo, kalasi, nthawi. Choncho, iwo ayenera kukhala ndi zikhumbo zomwezo, njira za moyo, maonekedwe a dziko. Nchifukwa chiyani, pakuwerenga ntchito, tikuwona ku Stolz ndi Oblomov makamaka kusiyana, osati kufanana? Kuti tiyankhe funso ili, munthu ayenera kutembenukira ku magwero omwe anapanga zilembo za anthu awiri omwe timawakonda. Mudzawona kuti kulera kwa Stolz ndi Oblomov kunali ndi makhalidwe awo omwe adakhudza moyo wawo wamtsogolo.

Kugona Oblomov

Chaputala choyamba cha ntchitoyi chimachitidwa pa ubwana wa Ilyusha. Goncharov mwiniwakeyo anachitcha kuti "kufalikira kwa buku lonse." Kuchokera mu chaputala chino timadziwa kuti zomwe Oblomov anakulira zinali. Mawu ochokera kwa iwo sikuti amatchulidwa mwangozi ngati umboni wakuti moyo wa Ilya ukanakhala wosakhalapo mwinamwake. Mu chaputala choyamba cha ntchito mungapeze chidziwitso chokhudza khalidwe la munthu wotchuka, munthu wosayenerera, waulesi, wosayanjanitsitsa yemwe amazoloŵera kukhalapo panthawi ya antchito ake.

Ilya Ilyich atangogona, adayamba kulota maloto omwewo: manja a mayi ake, mau ake achikondi, kulumikizana ndi abwenzi ndi achibale ... Nthawi iliyonse Oblomov adabwerera kuunyamata pamene ankakondedwa ndi aliyense ndipo anali wokondwa kwambiri. Ankawoneka kuti akungoyamba kukumbukira ana kuchokera ku moyo weniweni. Kodi ndi zochitika zotani zomwe umunthu wake unapanga, maphunziro a Oblomov amapita bwanji?

Mlengalenga mumzinda wa Oblomovka

Ilya adakali mwanayo mumzinda wa Oblomovka, mumudzi wa makolo. Makolo ake anali olemekezeka, ndipo moyo mumudziwu unkayenda malinga ndi malamulo apadera. M'mudzimo munalibe chipembedzo chochita chilichonse, kugona, kudya, komanso kukhala mwamtendere. Zoona, nthawi zina moyo wamtendere udakalipo chifukwa cha mikangano, imfa, matenda ndi ntchito, kulangidwa kwa anthu a m'mudzimo, kumene iwo anafuna kuchotsa mwayi woyamba. Tidzakulangizani za maphunziro a Oblomov. Mwinamwake mwakhala mukuganiza kale za izo pa maziko a zomwe zanenedwa pamwambapa.

Kodi zolinga za Ilyusha zinathetsedwa bwanji?

Maphunziro Olomov amavomereza makamaka mwaletsedwe. Ilyusha, mwana wamantha, mwana wanzeru, analetsedwa kuchita ntchito iliyonse yapakhomo (chifukwa ichi, pali antchito). Kuonjezerapo, zilakolako zake zokhudzana ndi ufulu zinasokonezedwa nthawi zonse ndi kulira kwa mwana wamwamuna ndi makolo omwe sanalole mnyamatayo kutenga gawo popanda kuyang'anitsitsa, chifukwa ankawopa kuti amatha kuzizira kapena kuvulazidwa. Chidwi padziko lapansi, ntchito - zonsezi mu ubwana wa Ilyusha zidakalizidwa ndi akulu omwe sanalole kuti kusewera, kudumphira, kuthamanga pamsewu. Koma izi ndi zofunikira kwa mwana aliyense pa chitukuko, chidziwitso cha moyo. Oblomov olakwika adatsogolera kuti asilikali a Ilyusha, kufunafuna mawonetseredwe, adatembenukira mkati, ndipo akufota, nikli. M'malo mochita zachiwawa, adakopeka ndi chikondi chifukwa cha masana madzulo. M'bukuli, limafotokozedwa ngati "chifaniziro cha imfa," chomwe chinasintha maphunziro a Oblomov. Mavesi ochokera pamasewerowa, osakayikira, mungapeze ndikudzipereka ku chakudya chabwino, chipembedzo chomwe chinasandulika kukhala ntchito yokha m'mudzi.

Chikoka cha Nanny's Stories

Kuwonjezera pamenepo, zoyenera kuchita mosagwirizana zinalimbikitsidwa ndi nkhani za namwino za "Emel Fool" amene analandira mphatso zosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku matsenga amatsenga pamene sakuchita kanthu. Oblomov Ilya Ilyich adzakhala wokhumudwa, atagona pabedi lake, ndikudzifunsa yekha kuti: "Chifukwa chiyani moyo - osati nthano?".

Ilya Ilyich amatchedwa wolota. Koma pambuyo pa maphunziro onse a Oblomov ndi nthano zopanda malire zonena za mbalame zamoto, aiziti, olimba mtima, Militris Kirbiyevna sakanatha koma kubzala mu moyo wake chiyembekezo cha zabwino, chikhulupiriro chakuti mavuto angakonzedwe ndi iwo okha? Kuwonjezera pamenepo, nkhanizi zinapatsa munthu wolimba mtima mantha. Ubwana waulesi ndi kulera kwa Oblomov zinapangitsa kuti Ilya Ilyich ayesetse pachabe kubisala m'nyumba yake ku Gorokhovaya Street, kenako ku mbali ya Vyborg.

Maganizo a makolo a Ilyusha ku maphunziro

Makolo anayesera kuti asamunyamule Ilya ndi maphunziro, akukhulupirira kuti kuphunzira sikoyenera kuphonya maholide ndi kutaya thanzi. Choncho, iwo anagwiritsa ntchito mpata uliwonse kuti ateteze ana awo kuti asapite nawo makalasi. Ilya posakhalitsa anazindikira kuti iye ankakonda kukhala ndi moyo wamantha ndi woyeretsedwa. Ubwana ndi kulera Oblomov anachita ntchito yawo. Chizoloŵezi, monga akunenera, ndi chikhalidwe chachiwiri. Ndipo akuluakulu a Ilya Ilyich anali okhutira ndi zochitika zomwe antchito amamuchitira zonse, ndipo alibe chilichonse chodetsa nkhawa ndi kudandaula nazo. Kotero ubwana wa msilikaliyo sungamveke mpaka kufika pakukula.

Moyo wachikulire wa Ilya Ilyich

Zochepa zomwe zinasintha mmenemo. Kukhalapo konse kwa Oblomov m'maso mwake kunali kupatulidwa mu magawo awiri. Ntchito yoyamba ndi kudzikweza (mfundo izi zinali zizindikiro zake), ndipo chachiwiri - chisangalalo ndi mtendere. Zakhar anasintha nsana, ndi Vyborgskaya msewu wa mumzinda wa St. Petersburg - Oblomovka. Ilya Ilyich ankawopa kwambiri ntchito iliyonse, adawopa kwambiri ndi kusintha kulikonse m'moyo wake kuti ngakhale maloto achikondi sakanatha kutsogolera msilikali uyu chifukwa cha chidwi.

Ndicho chifukwa chake adali ndi mgwirizano ndi Pshenitsyna wokhala nawo bwino, chifukwa adakhala chinthu choposa kupitiriza moyo mumudzi wa Oblomovka.

Makolo a Andrew Stolz

Chosiyana kwambiri ndi Ilya Ilyich ndi Andrei Ivanovich. Kulera kwa Stolz kunachitika m'banja lolemera. Amayi a Andrei anali azimayi a ku Russia, ndipo bambo ake ndi German German. Aliyense wa iwo anathandizira kulera kwa Stolz.

Mphamvu

Stolz Ivan Bogdanovich, bambo ake a Andrei, anaphunzitsa mwana wake Chijeremani, sayansi yeniyeni. Andrew oyambirira anayamba kugwira ntchito - kuthandiza Ivan Bogdanovich, yemwe anali wolimba ndi iye komanso mwakhama kwambiri. Maphunziro a Stolz mu buku loti "Oblomov" linathandizira kuti adayamba msinkhu wa pragmatism. Kwa iye, ntchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku inakhala yofunika, yomwe Andrei ankaiganizira kuti ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa moyo wake.

Mphamvu ya amayi

Amayi ake adathandizira maphunziro a Stolz m'buku la Olomov. Iye anayang'ana pa njira zomwe mwamuna wake amagwiritsa ntchito, ndi nkhawa. Mkazi uyu ankafuna kuti Andrei akhale mbuye wabwino komanso woyera, mmodzi wa iwo omwe adawawona pamene ankagwira ntchito ngati mabanja olemera achi Russia. Moyo wake unali wopweteka pamene Andryusha adabweranso pambuyo polimbana, onse otayika kapena odetsedwa pambuyo pa munda kapena fakitala, kumene adatsagana ndi abambo ake. Ndipo anayamba kudula misomali yake, kusoka makoko okongola ndi makola, ophimbira mapiritsi, opangira zovala mu mzinda. Amayi a Stolz anandiphunzitsa kumvera mawu a Hertz. Anamuimbira za maluwa, kunong'oneza ponena za ntchito ya wolemba kapena wankhondoyo, iye analota udindo waukulu umene umagwera anthu ambiri. Amayi a Andrei ankafuna kuti mwana wawo akhale ngati Olomov, choncho anasangalala kumumasula ku Sosnovka.

Kotero, inu mukuwona kuti, mbali imodzi, maphunziro a Andrei othandiza, ntchito ya abambo ake, ndipo, mosiyana, malingaliro a amayi ake, anaikidwa mu kuleredwa kwa Andrei. Kwazinthu zina zonse, pafupi ndi kumeneko kunali Oblomovka, kumene kunali "phwando losatha", kumene ntchitoyo idagulitsidwa kuchokera m'mapewa, monga goli. Zonsezi zinakhudza mapangidwe a khalidwe la Stolz.

Kuyanjana ndi nyumba

Inde, bambo ake a Andrei ankamukonda m'njira yake, koma sanaone kuti kunali kofunikira kusonyeza maganizo ake. Misozi ija, Stolz akugonjera bambo ake akubaya. Ngakhale panthaŵi imeneyo Ivan Bogdanovich sanathe kupeza mawu okoma kwa mwana wake. Andrei, akumeza misozi ya mkwiyo, akuyamba ulendo wake. Zikuwoneka kuti panthawiyi Stolz, ngakhale amayi ake akuyesetsa, sasiya malo "opanda malingaliro" mu moyo wake. Amatenga pamodzi ndi iye kukhala moyo wodzisankhira zokhazokha, malinga ndi malingaliro ake, zinali zofunikira: zolinga, zochita, nzeru. Panthawi yautali, zonse zinatsala ndi chithunzi cha amayi.

Moyo ku St. Petersburg

Amapita pambuyo pomaliza maphunziro awo ku yunivesite kupita ku St. Petersburg, kumene amachitira malonda (kutumizira katundu kunja), amayenda kuzungulira dziko lapansi, amatsogolera moyo wakhama ndikuchita zonse. Ngakhale kuti anali ndi zaka zofanana ndi Oblomov, msilikaliyo anatha kukwaniritsa zambiri m'moyo wake. Anapanga ndalama ndi nyumba. Mphamvu ndi ntchito zinawathandiza kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yopambana. Anapindula kwambiri, zomwe sakanatha kuziganizira. Stolz anatha kutaya mwachindunji moyo ndi luso, mwachibadwa mwa chirengedwe.

Chirichonse chinali muyeso mu moyo wake: zonse chimwemwe ndi chisoni. Andreya amasankha njira yolunjika yomwe ikugwirizana ndi malingaliro ake ophweka pa moyo. Sanasokonezedwe ndi maloto kapena malingaliro - sanangowalola kuti alowe mu moyo wake. Mnyamata uyu sanakonde kupanga malingaliro, nthawi zonse ankakhala ndi ulemu wodzitamandira pamakhalidwe ake, komanso kukhala wodekha, wodekha wa anthu ndi zinthu. Andrei Ivanovich ankaganiza kuti chilakolako cha mphamvu yowononga. Moyo wake unali wofanana ndi "moto wotentha komanso wolimba."

Stolz ndi Oblomov - zosiyana ziwiri

Maphunziro a Stolz ndi Oblomov, monga mukuonera, anali osiyana kwambiri, ngakhale kuti onse anali mbadwa za anthu olemekezeka ndipo anali ndi chikhalidwe chimodzi cha anthu. Andrei ndi Ilya ndi anthu omwe ali ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana a dziko lapansi komanso osiyana, kotero zochitikazo zinali zosiyana kwambiri. Maphunziro osiyana kwambiri Olomov ndi Stolz. Kuyerekeza kumasonyeza kuti izi zakhudza kwambiri moyo wachikulire wa ankhondo awa. Active Andrey anayesera mpaka tsiku lotsiriza "kuti abweretse chotengera cha moyo" ndipo osati kutaya pachabe dontho limodzi. Ndipo Ilya wosakondeka ndi wofewa anali waulesi ngakhale kuti atuluke pabedi ndikutulukamo m'chipinda chake kuti antchito adyeke. Olga Oblomova kamodzi adafunsa Ilya mwakachetechete za zomwe zamuwonongera. Iye anayankha kuti: "Oblomovshchina." NA Dobrolyubov, wotsutsa odziwika bwino, ankakhulupiriranso kuti Olomovism anali kulakwitsa kwa Ilya Ilyich. Ichi ndi chikhalidwe chomwe munthu wamkulu adakakamizidwa kukula.

Udindo woleredwa pakupanga umunthu wa munthu

Vuto la maphunziro mu buku la "Oblomov" silinali lovomerezeka mwachinyengo ndi wolemba. Monga mukuonera, njira ya moyo, maonekedwe a dziko, khalidwe la munthu aliyense limakula mu ubwana. Chilengedwe chimene umunthu umakula, aphunzitsi, makolo - zonsezi zimakhudza kwambiri mapangidwe a khalidwe. Ngati mwana sanaphunzitsidwe kuyambira ali mwana kuti azigwira ntchito ndi kudziimira, mwachitsanzo chake kuti asamuwonetse kuti tsiku lililonse ayenera kuchita zinthu zopindulitsa komanso osataya nthawi, siziyenera kudabwitsa kuti adzakulira munthu wofooka komanso waulesi monga Ilya Ilyich Kuchokera ku ntchito ya Goncharov.