Maonekedwe, mawonekedwe ndi malingaliro zoyambirira za Islam mwachidule

Mfundo zikuluzikulu za Islam ndi Chikhristu ayenera kudziwa munthu aliyense ophunzira. Mwatsoka, nthawi yathu, nkhondo zina achipembedzo umayamba. Anthu ambiri amene nawo kwa zaka zambiri, si longoganizira, chimene akulimbana. Zipembedzo zambiri kuigwiritsa ntchito pa ndale. Mwamwayi, lero, chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi, anthu ambiri ndi mwayi kuganizira zonse pamaso anapangidwa popanda kufotokozera, munaupereka ku mibadwomibadwo. Masiku ano mu masukulu kuphunzira mfundo yaikulu ya Islam. 6 kalasi sukulu - nthawi pamene anthu ambiri m'dziko lathu kwa nthawi yoyamba kumudziwa. Komabe, tidziwe mfundo zokwanira zokhudza chipembedzo? Ife amati inu kudziwa ake bwino. Today tikambirana zosayembekezereka, kugawa, makhalidwe amafotokoza ndi zizindikiro.

Zipembedzo zonse dziko akuti Islam ndi wamng'ono. Malinga ndi League Chisilamu World, otsatira ake ndi anthu oposa 900 (monga cha chiyambi cha m'ma 21). Muslims - nzika oposa 120 m'mayiko dziko, ndi mayiko 35, iwo chifukwa cha zokhudza 95-99% ya anthu, ndi 13 - wina wotchuka ochepa. Islam - chipembedzo boma mayiko 28 (Mauritania, Pakistan, Iran ndi ena.).

Chiyambi ndi zofunikira maganizo a Islam

Zikamera wa chipembedzo wa 7 m'ma BC. e. Zinali ndiye kuti maganizo yaikulu ya Islam. Islam ananyamuka ku Arabiya, mu gawo kum'mwera kumadzulo. Izo zinachitika pa kugwa kwa dongosolo mafuko ndi mapangidwe boma centralized. Muhammad (zaka za moyo - 570-632) - m'modzi wa omwe adayambitsa chidwi kwa ife chipembedzo. Mu 610, analengeza kuti mtumiki Mulungu mmodzi.

Tamasulira kuchokera ku mawu a Chiarabu akuti "Islam" limatanthauza "kugonjera." Amene amati chipembedzo, otchedwa "okhulupirika." Arabic "devotee" - "Muslim", choncho dzina lachiwiri la Islam - Islam. Azungu chipembedzo ichi monga Achimuhammadi (Mohammed - Mohammed anasintha dzina).

Islam unachokera mu Arabia ndi kufalikira kwa m'mayiko ena a ku Middle East, Africa North, Egypt, Indonesia, India, Malaya ndi ku Central Asia, Ulaya, South Caucasus. Masiku ano, izi ndi chipembedzo kwambiri ambiri mu dziko pambuyo Chikhristu. Mofanana ndi zikhulupiriro zina zonse, Islam ali mumaganiza angapo. Ambiri a iwo - ndi Shia ndi Sunni. Amasiyana mzake ndi miyambo ina ndi mbalume.

The Quran - buku lopatulika la Asilamu omwe akupereka mfundo yaikulu ya Islam. Mu Arabic, mawu akuti "Koran" amatanthauza "kuwerenga." Bukuli limafotokoza tanthauzo yaikulu ya Islam. Lidalembedwa m'ma 7, koma kwa nthawi yaitali pambuyo anali kukonzedwa. Gwero wachiwiri wa chikhulupiriro (pambuyo Koran) kwa Sunnis - (kutanthauziridwa monga "chitsanzo", "khalidwe" kuchokera Arabic) Sunnah. The Sunna ndi Koran, ndi mbalume zina chipembedzo ndi miyambo ya Mulungu anapereka mfundo zikuluzikulu za Islam, ziphunzitso osiyana makhalidwe abwino ndi mfundo zokhudza chuma anafotokoza, mkazi, ubale ndi mayiko ena, etc. Sharia - .. Ndi bwino ang'onoang'ono a Asilamu, liwuli lidalembedwa kunaonetsa Islam. Maziko a Sharia ndi Qur'an ndi Sunnah zimenezi.

Tsopano akuuzeni zochuluka zimene ali malingaliro yaikulu ya Islam.

Kukhulupirira mulungu, lemba

Choyamba ndi chikhulupiriro mwa Mulungu, Mulungu Mmodzi ndi atumiki - Ali ndi Mohammed. Allah yothandizana angelo, aneneri, ziwanda. Iwo adzalemekezedwa ndi Asilamu monga milungu. Mbali yotsatira ndife m'chipembedzo - ndi kulambira Qur'an. Malemba amaphunzitsa za momwe dziko lisanalengedwe, pa Tsiku la Chiweruzo, naperekanso nthano, matsenga, nkhani za aneneri akale Arabic nthano zolemba lolamulira banja lawo komanso chikhalidwe. Bukuli analenga zaka zana limodzi ndipo anamaliza m'zaka za 8.

Pofotokoza maganizo zoyambirira za Islam mwachidule amatchula kuti mbali ina ndi kulambira Sunnah - la lembo lina, woimiridwa ndi mndandanda wa nkhani za ntchito Muhammad, autobiography wake, mfundo pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana. Sunna - ichi maziko a jurisprudence Muslim (fiqh), komanso Asilamu m'chipinda chotetezeka (Sharia).

pemphero Achimuhamadi

Otsatira za Islam, pemphero lili lofunika kwambiri. Limeneli ndi pemphero tsiku ndi tsiku, zomwe kumachitika nthawi 5 tsiku: m'mawa, masana, pa maola 15, analamula ndipo basi dzuwa lisanalowe. Lero, mu Islam, pali awiri ndi pemphero limodzi nthawi. Pamaso pawo ikuchitika mwambo kusamba (kapena madzi kapena mchenga).

uraza

Uraza - udindo wapadera, kugwilizana ndi amene ali ofunika kwambiri kwa Muslim. M'mwezi wa Ramadani (chinayi mwezi kalendala) ndi adherent a chipembedzo sadya kapena kumwa mbandakucha kuti madzulo. Komabe, iye angakhoze kuchitira izo usiku, mpaka m'bandakucha. Masiku ano izi chofunika penapake chosavuta. atsogoleri Modern sikutanthauza ndi chiletso choterechi zakudya anthu ntchito pa ulimi, opangira, ndi amayi apakati komanso ena magulu ena a Asilamu.

Hajj

Ambiri a ife bwino mfundo zofunika Islam. Mwachidule kumuuza za zomwe ndi mbali zotchuka izo, monga Hajj. Choncho akuyenda kwa Mecca kupemphera. Hajj imagwiridwa kuti agwirizane woyera, lapani machimo awo.

jehad

Islam, mfundo zikuluzikulu zimene zimachizidwa ntchito pa zofuna zawo akuluakulu adziwa kuti ndi chipembedzo zigawenga. nkhondo yopatulika, kapena jehad - otchedwa nkhondo yopatulika anachita ndi anthu ake ndi osakhulupirira. Izi mchitidwe chikhulupiriro kale anabzala chidani ndi kusakondana pakati kumbali ya zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana. Mu nthawi yathu, chiphunzitso chimenechi ali chete, zilibe kuwonjezera Komabe, atsogoleri zina amatanthauza kuti, zoopseza ndale.

Ramazan

Big udindo mu Islam nalonso mwambo achipembedzo, amene m'malo kobvuta. Monga tanena kale, Asilamu kuchita pemphero nthawi 5 tsiku, komanso kusunga ankasala kudya, zikondwerero za chipembedzo, miyambo, zochitika zosiyanasiyana, ulendo. 30-day kudya pa Ramadani - ndi imodzi mwa miyambo mwambo kuti analipo kale Islam ku Arabia wakale. Mwina pa nthawi imeneyo anthu anali kusala m'miyezi yotentha chilimwe. Ambiri mwina, motero dzina la mwezi "Ramadani", amene zikumveka mu Arabic ngati "Ramadani". mawu kuti, nayenso amachokera Arabic "ramadhar" amatanthauza pomasulira "nthawi zazikulu," "kutentha".

M'chaka cha Arabia, makamaka kutha - ndi ovuta kwambiri nthawi kuti chuma. Panthawi imeneyi, kuwachepera chakudya, ndi dzuwa kumenya pansi chifundo, akupsya odyetserako ziweto, chifukwa cha zimene ng'ombe njala. Chifukwa cha ichi, Aluya wakale anakakamizika kuchepetsa nokha chakudya, komanso kusamutsa zambiri zokhudza chuma cha madzulo ndi usiku, pamene izo sizinali choncho otentha. Pa yomweyo anthu ankakhulupirira milungu komanso mizimu, kupemphera kwa mvula. Iwo sanali kugona gawo loyamba la usiku, atagwira ake mu mapemphero ake kwa mizimu ndi milungu. Anthu ankakhulupirira kuti adzawabwezeretsa mvula yaitali. Komanso, Aluya wakale ndi cholinga chomwecho ananena loletsa kumwa mowa ndi kudya masana. Choncho, ayenera kudya pa Ramadani mu mbali yake yaikulu akubwereza miyambo imene analipo kale Islam, zomwe zimagwiritsa anatsimikiza ndi makhalidwe chuma miyoyo ya anthu.

Mapeto a positi

Mwezi, chomwe chimatsatira Ramadani, wotchedwa shavall. Mu tsiku lake loyamba la chikondwerero cha mapeto a kusala kudya. holide imeneyi imatchedwa Eid ul-Fitr. Iwo kumatenga masiku 3, imene ayenera chifukwa cha njira Iye anasala. Mu chochitika cha kuswa pa Muslim woyikidwa chilango. Iye ayenera kulipira otchedwa "sadaqah-Fitr."

Eid al-Adha

masiku 70 pambuyo Eid al-Adha chikondwerero tchuthi china - nsembe. Njirayi imatchedwa Eid al-Adha. Waukulu mwambo kanthu ya holide imeneyi ndi nsembe ya mwazi (zambiri nkhosa kapena ngamira). Pa nthawi yomweyo akuchita Hajj ku Arabia (Mecca). Best ng'ombe zawo anapha Asilamu kuti holide imeneyi. Malinga ndi Sharia, kuti "machimo" munthu wina akhoza ananamizira ndi mbuzi ndi nkhosa, ndi asanu - ng'ombe ndi ng'ombe kwa khumi - ngamila. Nsembe anafunika atamwalira paradaiso. Izi zikhoza kuchitika kudzera mu Sirat-Bridge, anakhala pa gehena. Iye ali lakuthwa tsamba lupanga, n'kakang'ono tsitsi, motentha moto. Pakhomo pa mlatho nkhosa, ng'ombe, ngamila, okhulupirira zikumangidwa pa holide ya Eid al-Adha. Nyama zimenezi zikhoza kusuntha mwa Sirat. Munthu amene anabweretsa woberedwa, iye sangathe kukhala pa kamlathoka. Lidzagwa mu gehena.

Miraj

M'mwezi wa Rajab chikondwerero phwando la kukwera Mi'raj (ndi "ulendo wa Mtumiki kumwamba"). Rajab al-Adha (wachiwiri wake dzina) wakhalapo kuyambira Middle Ages. Kamodzi Palestine molimba mphamvu ya pokhapokhapo wa Islam anabwera mwambo wa Yerusalemu ndi malo ake oyera. Malinga ndi nthano, mu usiku 27 Recep Muhammad analeredwa ndi bedi lake mngelo Jabrail. Naye cholengedwa wosangalatsa Buraq iye anabwera ku Yerusalemu, ndipo kenako kumwamba 7 nawonekera kwa Mulungu. Iye ankati anayankhula ndi Mulungu, kumuuza mawu 99.000. Zonse mwa zochitika zimenezi cakudzudzumisa mofulumira moti Mohammed anabwerera pansi, anapeza bedi lake ofunda. Lochokera mumtsuko, chimene Iye anawononga, Ine analibe nthawi kukhetsa madzi!

Akatswiri Muslim, wofunitsitsa kuti "mwachidule" nthano lodabwitsa ili, amangosankha anamasulira ndime Quranic pamati za ulendo wa Muhamadi kuti mzikiti kutali mu Yerusalemu. Patapita nthawi, mu mpanda wa kachisi anali akuti 'kupeza "mphete kwambiri zomwe mneneri womangidwa Burak mu ntchito ya ulendo usiku. Tikumbukenso kuti nthano ya Miraj zinthu zambiri zofanana ndi miyambo ya zipembedzo zina, amene amatchedwanso zachilendo "kuyenda" a aneneri, kapena kukwera kwa oyera milungu.

Mneneri tsiku lobadwa

Asilamu chikondwerero "kubadwa kwa m'neneriyo" (maulyud) mwezi, wotchedwa Rabi-al-Awwal. Maulyud monga Miraj, wopondereza wina ndi yaitali zinthuzo zimene kugona pakati pake penipeni. Amadziwika kuti nthano ya Muhammad akuimira mu Islam, ife kuwonjezekeredwa ambiri a Mabaibulo a nthano za zipembedzo zina. Mwachitsanzo, azamulungu oyambirira anafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zochitika za Lolemba, pamene Mohammed anabadwa, komanso zozizwitsa zokhudza chochitika. Komabe, mwina chete zoti anali Lolemba, kapena atatsutsana za iwo wina ndi mzake. Kenako, Asilamu amakhulupirira kuti ili ndi chochitika kwakukulu kunachitika pa TH 12 Rabi (Rabi-al-Awwal).

mdulidwe mwambo

Mu Islam, monga ife tikudziwira, pali mdulidwe mwambo (mu Arabic - "sünnet"). Mwambo umenewu wakhalanso abwereka, ameneyu amapezeka mu zipembedzo za Arabia wakale. Mwambo uwu zidzakhala ngakhale anthu akale. Iye anali mmodzi wa miyambo chikondwerero kuti awonetse kusintha kwa anyamata mu gulu la wamkulu amuna mtundu. Miyambo yotereyi chowawa (kupatula mdulidwe anali kugogoda kunja mano ndi kuvulala kwina) - ndi mtundu wa mayeso a mtima. Alipo osati Aluya wakale, koma Australia, Africa ndi anthu ena m'dziko achikale. Monga mwa chipembedzo cha chiyuda, mu Islam, mdulidwe anayamba kuchitiridwa pang'ono mosiyana. Ichi ndi chizindikiro mkati anthu a chipembedzo cha Chisilamu. Mdulidwe - mtundu wa kudzipatula Asilamu anthu a zipembedzo zina. mwambo lakonzedwa kuuzira lingaliro okhulupirika chapadera cha.

Shakhs-Wachs

Kotero, ife mwachidule pofotokoza mfundo zikuluzikulu za chipembedzo cha Chisilamu. Tikupereka inu kuti adziwane bwino komanso ndi wa makhalidwe amene amatsatira Shia. Izi Asilamu apo maliro mwambo lachipembedzo Shakhs-Wachs (Ashura). Ikuchitikira tsiku 10 mwezi wa Muharram. holide imeneyi, malinga ndi miyambo ya Chisilamu, anakhazikitsa polemekeza Shiite Imam Hussein, amene anali chidzukulu cha Mtumiki Muhammad ndipo anaphedwa m'zaka za m'ma 7. Komabe, umboni wotsimikizira zikusonyeza kuti imfa yake inali osati kufera. Iye sanali kugula ufulu ndi ufulu wa anthu anaphunzitsa alaliki a chipembedzo cha Chisilamu. Hussein anafa yolimbirana mphamvu. Kuchokera pamenepa, sanathe kupambana, "ufulu ndiponso ufulu." M'malo mwake, nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa imfa yake, anthu amene ali kumbali ya Hussein chikwiyire kuukira anali pansi kuvutitsidwa.

Koma akuluakulu a boma sangathe kuononga onse Shiites - otsatira a Saddam Hussein. Kumachita covertly, anthu awa anapitiriza kufunafuna mphamvu. Kuti tichite zimenezi, iwo anayamba kufalitsa chikhulupiriro kupatulika kwa Hussein, anachita miyambo maliro pa tsiku la kuphedwa wake. Shiites ndaika patsogolo kuyankhula limanena kuti: "Kubwezera kwa Saddam." Nkhani ya imfa yake limodzi ndi kulira "Shah Hussein, Hussein Islands" kutanthauza "Mfumu Hussein, Ah Huseyn!"

M'nthawi ya 8, zambiri za otsatira a Imam anasamukira ku Qom. Shia anayamba kufalitsa ziphunzitso zake Iran. Pofika m'zaka za m'ma 16, pamene chipembedzo cha boma mu dziko lino wakhala mwambo Shia a Hussein definitively anatuluka monga malingaliro enieni chikhalidwe cha Chisilamu m'dzikoli. Tsiku la imfa ya Imam maliro, limodzi ndi miyambo ya chipembedzo. Masiku ano Shakhs-Wachs - holide, wokhulupilira kuti, ndikupita ku mizikiti.

Kotero, ife mwachidule pofotokoza zofunika achipembedzo maganizo a Chisilamu. Tikupereka inu kuti ayanjane ndi zizindikiro Chisilamu.

zizindikiro Chisilamu

Kwenikweni, iwo kulibe, chifukwa chipembedzo ichi ndi laconic kwambiri khalidwe ntchito. Mu Islam pali kuletsa zithunzi za anthu zamoyo. Komabe, zilibe ntchito kwa chibadwa, zinthu, ntchito ya zomangamanga ndi ena. Mohammed analimbikitsa kuchenjera zithunzi (anthu kapena Mulungu) ndi kujambula chilichonse koma zopanda moyo, maluwa, mitengo. Iwo maziko zodzikongoletsera Chisilamu.

Crescent, ngakhale kutchuka kwake, si chizindikiro cha Islam m'lingaliro mosamala mawu. Iye susonyeza mfundo zikuluzikulu za Islam. History, mwatsoka, pali zinthu zambiri zokhudza tanthauzo la chizindikiro ichi. Iye anayamba ntchito pomanga mizikiti kuzungulira zikwi zapitazo. Umboni kuti amagwirizana ndi chipembedzo, palibe. Chifukwa chimodzi zotheka maonekedwe ake pa minarets ndi Asilamu zaperekedwa kwa mu kalendala.

Zimenezi, Mwachidule, mfundo zazikulu ndi zizindikiro za Islam. Monga mukuonera, chipembedzo uyu kuwonjezekeredwa miyambo yambiri wakale. Mwatsoka, tiyenera kumvetsetsa chakuti lero mfundo zikuluzikulu za chiphunzitso cha Islam zambiri ntchito zolinga mtendere.