Economist Milton Friedman: MBIRI, maganizo, moyo ndi mawu

Milton Friedman - wa zachuma American amene mu 1976 analandira Nobel Prize chifukwa kafukufuku m'munda wa mowa, mbiri ndalama ndi kuvuta mfundo olimba. Ndi George Stigler anali wanzeru m'badwo wachiwiri mtsogoleri wa School Chicago. Mwa ophunzira ake chuma otchuka monga Geri Bekker, Robert Fogel, Ronald Kouz, Robert Lucas, JR .. Mfundo zikuluzikulu za nkhawa Friedman ndi ndondomeko ya ndalama misonkho, anthu wamba, deregulation mfundo pagulu, makamaka 1980s lapansi. Monetarism ali nawonso anakopeka kusankha dongosolo US Federal pa mavuto azachuma padziko lonse.

Mwachidule yonena Miltona Fridmana: zaka zoyambilira

Wasayansi tsogolo anabadwira ku Brooklyn, mmodzi wa m'madera osauka kwambiri mu New York. Makolo ake anali ochokera ku Hungary. City kumene anasamuka, Tsopano m'dera la Ukraine (Beregovo mu Transcarpathian dera). Makolo Friedman ndi akhagulisa nsalu. Atangochoka mwana wake, makolo ake anasamukira ku mzinda wa Rahway ku New Jersey. Monga mwana, Friedman ali mu ngozi, ndi chilonda pa mulomo wake chapamwamba ndipo anakhala naye moyo. Iye maphunziro a sekondale mu 1928 ndipo ndinalembetsa ku University Rutgers. Mnyamata makamaka masamu ndi zachuma. Iye ankafunira kukhala mlembi. Mnthawi maphunziro ndinakumana asayansi awiri - Arthur Burns ndi Homer Jones, nakopa iye kuti chuma angathandize kutsogolera dziko lichoke mwa Wamkulu Depression.

Nditamaliza maphunziro, iye amapatsidwa ziyanjano ziwiri mu masamu pa Brown ndi chuma mu Chicago. Friedman anasankha kutumikira, ndipo analandira Master wa digirii Tirhana mu 1933. maganizo ake kufooketsedwa ndi Dzheykob Viner, Frank Nayt ndi Henry Simons. Kumeneko anakumana ndi mkazi wake, Rose. Kenako anaphunzira ziwerengero motsogozedwa ndi zachuma wotchuka Harold Hotelling ndi ntchito yothandiza Genri Shultsa. Pa University of Chicago, Friedman anakumana ndi awiri mwa ashamwali ache bwino - George Stigler ndi Allen Wallis.

utumiki Public

Nditamaliza maphunziro ku Friedmann poyamba sanathe kupeza chiphunzitso ntchito. Choncho anaganiza zopita ku Washington ndi bwenzi lake Allen Wallis, kumene Roosevelt ndipo anayamba kuzindikira wake "New Kuchita". Friedman anazindikira kuti onse boma alowererepo "mankhwala osamveka matenda Olakwa." Mu 1935, iye anayamba kugwira ntchito ya Komiti Resources National, amene choyamba adatoma kunyerezera pya kutanthauzira kwa ntchito mowa. Friedman ndiye anakakhala ku bungwe la Research Economic. Iye ntchito yothandiza Simon Kuznets.

Mu 1940, Friedman anali pulofesa pa yunivesite ya Wisconsin, koma anabwerera ku utumiki anthu chifukwa cha odana Semitism. Anagwira asilikali mfundo msonkho wa boma ngati mlangizi. Wapolisi iye analimbikitsa Keynesian boma alowererepo pa chuma.

Ntchito ndiponso achita

Milton Friedman anali mlangizi wa pulezidenti US ku Republican Party a Ronald Reagan ndi British ndiwofatsa Nduna Margaret Thatcher. nzeru zake zandale zotama makhalidwe abwino a msika ufulu ndi phukusi kochepa boma. Kamodzi Friedman ananena kuti amaona adakwaniritsa kwambiri kuchotsa yolembedwa usilikali mu United States. Pa moyo wake analemba angapo monographs, mabuku, nkhani m'magazini onena za sayansi ndi manyuzipepala, anali mlendo TV, ndipo lectured pa yunivesite zosiyanasiyana. ntchito yake wotchuka osati mu US ndi UK, komanso m'mayiko zokomera. Magazini "The Economist" anawatcha iwo zachuma otchuka wa theka lachiwiri la m'ma 20, mwinanso atumwi. Ngakhale ena kafukufuku kupereka kanjedza kuti John Maynard Keynes.

maganizo zachuma

Milton Friedman bwino chifukwa Atchule okwanira ndalama. Monetarism - ndi ya maganizo amene ali oyanjana ndi chiphunzitso kuchuluka. kuda ake tingawapeze m'nthawi ya 16. Pamodzi ndi kumvutitsa Shvarts Fridman analemba buku lotchedwa "A Monetary History of the United States of America, 1867-1960 (1963)." Angapo mgwirizano nkhani anatsimikizira ulamuliro wa ndalama kundipatsako kwa ndalama ndi ndalama boma. Natural ulova mosalephera, choncho safuna tinganene kuti kulimbana nacho. Boma Sikuti kutsogolera chuma kudzera mfundo zachuma.

Njira m'munda wa ziwerengero

kusanthula yotsatana mwakuchita Milton Friedman. Mfundo zikuluzikulu anabwera kwa iye ankatumikira mu Dipatimenti ya nkhondo Studies pa Columbia. Ndiye yotsatana kusanthula zowerengera wakhala njira muyezo wa ziyenera. Ngati atulukira zina zambiri Friedman, lero zikuoneka amazipanga mosavuta. Koma ichi ndi chizindikiro cha wanzeru amene anakwanitsa kudutsa akamanena za zochitika. Lero, mogwirizana kusanthula zowerengera ndi chida chifungulo cha chuma masiku ano.

Milton Friedman: bizinesi ndi Ufulu

monetarism mfundo anayamba yotsutsa chiphunzitso Keynesian. Kenako, Milton Friedman adzaitana ambiri a madalitso ake zilizonse. Mu 1950 anapanga kutanthauzira wake ntchito mowa. Bizinesi ndi Ufulu - mfundo ziwiri kuti tikuuzidwa kachiwiri mu ulimi wa sayansi Milton Friedman. Monetarism amagwiritsa "chinenero Keynesian ndi zida methodological," koma amakana mfundo choyambirira cha chiphunzitso cha boma lamulo la chuma. Friedman sakhulupirira kuthekera mphamvu magwiritsidwe zonse. Mu luntha lake, pali nthawi zonse mlingo chilengedwe cha ulova, kulimbana ndilo tanthauzo. Chuma amanena kuti pamapeto pake Phillips pamapindikira amaoneka ngati mzere umodzi molunjika, ndipo ananeneratu kuti n'zotheka chodabwitsa monga stagflation. Choncho, yodalirika malamulo a boma ndi kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono okwanira ndalama.