London Stock Kusinthanitsa: mbiri ya chilengedwe

The London Stock Kusinthanitsa ndi yakale kwambiri ku Ulaya la alipo. Kuwonjezera apo, anatchuka chifukwa internationality wake: pakuti zikuphatikizapo 340 makampani ochokera m'mayiko 60, 2004 deta. Ngakhale kuti pali 21 kwambiri mu msika UK, wotchuka kwambiri Zatsala London. Pa ife angakuuzeni m'nkhani ino.

kapangidwe

The London Stock Kusinthanitsa ali misika zazikulu zitatu: nduna, sheya yosavomerezeka ndi ndalama zina.

• Official Market. The gawo lalikulu kwambiri lakonzedwa kuti makampani ndi mbiri makamaka ndipo kuli likulu yokulirapo. Iwo ali m'magulu awiri: mayiko ndi zoweta makampani.
• Sinalembedwe sheya msika. Zikuoneka mu 1980 zogwirira ntchito kwa Makampani yaing'ono. Mwatsoka, kuyesera anali wolephera, ndi chifukwa cha liquidity otsika pa chiyambi cha 90s msika wa zimafika.
• Njira Investment Market. Iwo analowa mu m'ma 1995 kwa yokonza Makampani yaing'ono. Mwa ofuna latsopano sali pansi amafuna wapadera mu mawu a mbiri osachepera kampani ndi chiwerengero cha mafuko kale kufalitsidwa. Komanso yafupika zofunika kukula likulu osachepera. Koma liberalization cha 1997, zinachititsa chakuti London Stock Kusinthanitsa omangika malamulo nsembe.

nkhani

Chiyambireni cha ntchito m'ma 16 mu sheya ikuchitika masitolo khofi kapena m'misewu. Mu 1566 iye anachokera Holland Thomas Gresham akufuna kumanga chipinda osiyana zolinga zimenezi. Iye anati iye akanati adzachite izo ndalama zawo, koma anapempha kuti anthu ndiponso boma kupeza malo oyenera. Kuchuluka kwa ndalama zochokera mu 3500 mapaundi kukula wogulidwa ndi chidutswa lamanja la dziko. Mu 1570, kutsegula kwa Royal Kusinthanitsa.

Kusinthana latsopano

Mwatsoka, moto waukulu wa London kukawononga, ndi nyumba yatsopano anamangidwanso yekha mu 1669. Komanso, zomera ndi unapangidwa bungwe, wopangidwa mwa mipando 200 ya renti. Mu chapansi pa nyumba anabweretsa katundu kusungidwa. Mu 1698, osinthitsa anathamangitsidwa nyumba za khalidwe katundu kuwombola zolaula (ogona ndi phokoso). khofi nyumba "Jonathan" asankhidwa kale kuti kukambirana ndi kunenerera. Ndiyeno panali mtengo choyamba mndandanda wa masheya. Patatha zaka 50, khofi shopu, "Jonathan," mobwerezabwereza tsoka la woyambirira katundu kuwombola - watenthedwa ndi moto. Komabe, alendo wobwezeretsedwa nyumba zawo. Mu 1773, pafupi khofi osintha amanga nyumba yatsopano, ikutchedwa kuti "New Jonathan" (pambuyo dzina linasinthidwa kukhala "Stock Kusinthanitsa").

Kusinthanitsa mu m'ma 20

World nkhondo yoyamba kwambiri kuchichepetsa misika katundu European. London Stock Kusinthanitsa anatseka wotsiriza, ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi (mu 1915) adapitiriza ntchito zake. Battalion oponya mivi ongodzipereka unakhazikitsidwa pofuna kupewa ngozi. Okwana panali anthu 400. Mmodzi mwa anayi afa pa nkhondo. Kwa zaka 60-TH chiwerengero cha ntchito ndi ogwira kukodzedwa kuti malangizo a Polankhula, anaganiza kumanga 26-storey nyumba. Yomanga inatenga zaka 12, ndipo mu 1972 nyumba yatsopanoyi anatsegula yekha Mfumukazi England.

Mu 1987, pa katundu kuwombola unafunika masinthidwe aakulu. The lapadera kwambiri awa: kumasulira thupi pakompyuta malonda (SEAQ dongosolo), chiyembekezo chakuti za ntchito osachepera malire, katundu mamembala kuwombola chilolezo kuphatikiza ntchito ya wogula ndi wogulitsa. Chifukwa cha kompyuta dongosolo SEAQ osinthitsa analibe kupita kumalo ochitira masewera a pa ogulitsira malonda a. Iwo sakanakhoza kuchita izo mu ofesi yake.

Pofika chaka cha 1997, ku London Stock Kusinthanitsa Quotes kwathunthu kugwiritsa mtundu amagetsi. Computer malonda dongosolo LIMABWERETSA kuchuluka liwiro wotuluka ndi ntchito ambiri.

zitsulo LSE-akakhala

Idamangidwa pa mafakitale mu 1877. Tsopano London Stock Kusinthanitsa zitsulo sanali akakhala ndi zofunika kwambiri European ochitirapo malonda. Iye wabwera kutali ndi losavuta kuti kutsogolo (ndipo kenako ndi zam'tsogolo) zoletsedwa. Zonsezi zimathandiza ogula ndi opanga zitsulo mafakitale kuzimitsa zomvetsa ndi tchinga ngozi mtengo spikes. Mukhoza kupanga wotuluka mu options, zam'tsogolo mapangano ndi zinthu ndalama.

Kusinthana ili mu nyumba yakale Planteyshn House ndipo komabe akuzisunga ambiri miyambo ya m'mbuyomu. Opaleshoni chipinda analengedwa mu mawonekedwe a bwalo kuti amasonyeza "umembala zozungulira" la Kanani. Ngakhale Kubwera kwa zamagetsi, kugula ukadali unazunguliridwa ndi kufuula. Mofananamo, anafuulira ndi mitengo ya zitsulo. London Stock Kusinthana pa Planteyshn House ali wapadera "chinenero chamanja" imene osinthitsa ntchito pa liwiro ayi kusakaniza kuti kupereka komanso kulandira malangizo.

msika golide

Palinso zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, amene ntchito ya London Stock Kusinthanitsa - golide. Izo nthawizonse akhala mu malo ndekha. Kugwira ntchito mu chipinda osiyana pamodzi oimira makampani asanu. Tonga wapampando wa bids, ndi "Zisanu" ali wofunitsitsa kunena wotuluka. Pambuyo approvals onse ndi approvals analengeza atathana mtengo, umene anamaliza ndi mgwirizano. Mwa njira imeneyi ndi kuwagula ndi kuwagulitsa mkuwa. The London Chitsulo Kusinthanitsa, ndi wina wotchuka mabungwe a zachuma British. Koma pali mabungwe ena atatu ali ponena payokha ofunika.

London Mafuta Kusinthanitsa

Pamaso 1970, msika mphamvu wakhala khola ndithu. Koma chifukwa cha embargo mafuta (1973-1974 gg.), Mapangidwe OPEC ndi Arab Israel nkhondo, anthu opanga mafuta ataya kulamulira mitengo. Choncho, mu 80s oyambirira. Mayiko Mafuta Kusinthanitsa anakhazikitsidwa mu London. Chifukwa chachikulu chikuoneka - chinawonjezeka osakhalitsa mitengo mafuta. A malo sanali muyezo chimene chikuchititsa voliyumu ya mafuta kupanga mu Nyanja North.

Kusinthana amapereka options mmene wopanda ledi petulo, mafuta gasi, mafuta, ndi zolinga zimenezi. Mbali Aika - luso kusinthitsa malo ndalama msika mu zam'tsogolo malo pokhapokha kuwombola chimachitika maola sanali malonda. Mbali yachiwiri - ndi nthawi yaitali (20:15). Amenewa chiwembu amalola osinthitsa kunena zimenezi ndi chigamulo USA.

British Kusinthanitsa Mungasankhe ndi zam'tsogolo

Poyamba, anali ndi udindo osiyana kwambiri: The London Mercantile Kusinthanitsa. Bungweli ndi msika chofunika ena ofanana ndi ulimi ku United Kingdom. Kumene, mwa mawu a buku ndi kukula, ndi kwambiri wolephera anzawo yachilendo (mwachitsanzo, Chicago Stock Kusinthanitsa), koma samaletsa kuti achite chiwerengero chapadera cha wotuluka mu Europe.

kuwombola uyu anabwera m'ma 20 pamaziko a "Kugwirizana osachiritsika", limene adaperekeza zam'tsogolo wotuluka kudutsa mizere angapo mankhwala. Kenako, odzipereka pafupifupi misika ya m'deralo, ndipo ngakhale anatenga gawo mu misika ya anzake Baltic (opangidwa kuchokera pa sitima yonyamula ndi mbatata). Mitengo pa London Stock Kusinthanitsa Mungasankhe ndi zolinga yopindulitsa kwambiri. Mungakhale wotuluka onse mu ochiritsira (barele, tirigu, nkhumba ndi zina zotero.), Ndipo pa katundu atsamunda (soya, shuga, khofi).

Mayiko Kusinthanitsa Mungasankhe ndi zam'tsogolo

Mu Britain, pali osiyana msika options, koma ntchito makamaka ndi Sweden. Kupeleka osiyanasiyana a chuma unachitikira ku mayiko Kusinthanitsa Mungasankhe ndi zam'tsogolo.

Mpaka 1992, wotuluka izi nawo chipinda cha opareshoni ya London Stock Kusinthanitsa. Ndiyeno anasamukira ku nyumba pa Cannon Street. Ambiri mwa mankhwala kuwombola izi zokhudzana ndi maunyolo ndi zida ngongole ngakhalenso ena a ankayendetsa wa mapangano zam'tsogolo pa magawo a.

Pa mayiko Kusinthanitsa mwachangu ankagulitsa British katundu index FTSE 100. Maonekedwe ake ofunika amatha kugwira ntchito ndi options onse European ndi American. Mpaka posachedwapa, inali udindo wa misika yabwino European mu mawu luso zida.

Mayiko kuwombola options ndi zolinga ndi centerpiece wa UK msika zida otumphukira ndi amapereka mkulu mlingo wa liquidity kwa nsinga Japanese, ndi US, Germany ndi Italy. Koma, mosiyana ndi mabungwe a American, izo samachita ndi mapangano pa ena ofanana ndalama.

Pamene kuwombola anayamba ndi misonkhano mwamwayi m'malo wotuluka m'ndende. Tsopano iwo akhala formalized mabungwe ena azachuma, kupereka makasitomala osiyanasiyana ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Pamene dongosolo ndi kuthetsa anaonekera okhwima ndi okhwima malamulo kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa ophunzira.

Ambiri kuphana British sakumvetsabe kubweretsa phindu lalikulu. udindo wawo uli ndi malire kwa chitsimikizo muyezo (nthawizina mu mawonekedwe a sheya). Kukonza ntchito mabungwe a chinkhoswe mu London clearinghouse. Ndi izi ndi imapereka chitsimikizo cha ndalama za inshuwalansi. Kumapeto kwa 2000, kukula kwake inali mapaundi 150 miliyoni.

Pomaliza

Tsopano London Stock Kusinthanitsa pakati pa asanu mabungwe yaikulu ya mtundu umenewu mu dziko. magawo Pali ali ankagulitsa 300 makampani ochokera m'mayiko 60. Ngati tikambirana makampani Russian, kusowa kwambiri ndi pepala la "Lukoil", "Gazprom" ndi "Rosneft". Popeza 2005, pa katundu kuwombola adzayamba malonda options ndi zolinga pa za RTS index.