Bertrand Model ndizosowa ndi Features

Mpikisano ndi maziko a chitsanzo msika chuma. Ndi pa mfundo imeneyi udzakhazikitsidwe otchedwa mgwirizano mtengo komwe kumakwanitsa ogula ndi ogula. Bertrand chitsanzo limafotokoza chodabwitsa chachikulu chuma msika. Iwo anali kukonza mu 1883 mu review m'buku lakuti "mfundo masamu ndi chiphunzitso cha chuma." Mlembi otsiriza anafotokoza Cournot chitsanzo. Bertrand ine sindinali kugwirizana ndi mfundo za asayansi. review, iye anakonza chitsanzo, koma mwamasamu anafotokoza Frensis Edzhuort yekha mu 1889.

maganizo

Bertrand chitsanzo limafotokoza mkhalidwe wa oligopoly. pali makampani osachepera awiri mu msika yotulutsa mankhwala homogeneous. Iwo sangakhoze Co-ntchito. Makampani kupikisana wina ndi mzake ndi atakhala mitengo kwa zinthu zawo. Popeza mankhwala ali kwenikweni kufunika kwa katundu mtengo yomweyo amachotsa. Ngati Makampani onse anapereka mtengo Komabe, lagawidwa pawiri ofanana. Bertrand chitsanzo si abwino okha zinthu za duopoly, koma pamene opanga mu msika zambiri. Komabe, kopanda kwambiri ndi homogeneity a malonda awo. M'pofunikanso kuti luso makampani sali osiyana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mmphepete ndi pafupifupi ndalama zawo zofanana ndi competitively wogulira. Kuonjezera Makampani kupanga akhoza umasinthasintha. N'zoonekeratu kuti zidzatero bola ngati mtengo pa msika chimakwirira ndalama zawo. Ngati ndi zochepa, kupanga sizimatanthauza. Palibe ntchito patsikulo.

Bertrand Model ndizosowa ndi Features

Koma kodi njira zimene zinachitikira kampani adzasankha? Zikuoneka kuti onse opanga angapindule ngati aliyense wa iwo adzaika kukwera mtengo. Komabe, Bertrand chitsanzo limasonyeza kuti vuto kumene Makampani Usagwirizane ndi mzake, izo sizidzachitika. mtengo mpikisano ndi wofanana ndi mtengo mmphepete, malinga ndi Nash mgwirizano. Koma n'chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika? Inde, mu nkhani iyi, sangathe kupanga phindu?

Tiyerekeze kuti kampani amapereka mtengo kuti ndi wamkulu kuposa mtengo wake mmphepete, ndipo chachiwiri - palibe. N'kosavuta kuti zinthu zidzakhalire mu nkhani iyi. ogula onse kusankha mankhwala a olimba chachiwiri. Bertrand chitsanzo, zikhalidwe wotere kuti yotsirizira adzatha kuonjezera kupanga kalekale.

Tiyerekeze kuti Makampani onse anapereka mtengo yemweyo, amene ali wamkulu kuposa ndalama zawo mmphepete. Izi ndi zinthu yovuta. Aliyense wa makampani adzafunafuna kugwetsa mtengo kutenga pa msika. Choncho adzatha kuwonjezera phindu ake pafupifupi kawiri. Palibe mgwirizano m'khola imeneyi Makampani onse anapereka mitengo yosiyanasiyana kuti ndife oposa mtengo mmphepete. ogula tipite kuti kumene katundu mtengo. Choncho, Zimatheka mgwirizano zochitika komwe Makampani onse anapereka mitengo kuti ali wofanana ndi mtengo mmphepete.

Cournot lachitsanzo

Woyambitsa "mfundo masamu ndi chiphunzitso cha chuma," ankakhulupirira kuti mtengo nthawi zonse choposa mtengo mmphepete katundu chopangidwa, chifukwa Makampani adzasankha kuchuluka kwa nkhani zawo. Bertrand chitsanzo chikusonyeza kuti si. Komabe, maganizo onse kuti amagwiritsa anali kukonza Cournot. Pakati pawo:

• Pa msika olimba kuposa wina. Komabe, mankhwala kuti iwo amapanga ndi homogeneous.
• Makampani simungathe kapena sakufuna kugwirizana.
• The njira ya aliyense wa makampani pa nkhani ya kuchuluka kwa amadza pa kukhazikika pa mtengo msika wa malonda.
• Opanga zinthu rationally ndi kuganiza pamalo abwino, wofunitsitsa kuti azipeza phindu lawo.

Yerekezerani zitsanzo

Bertrand mpikisano ndi kuchepetsa mtengo, Cournot - kudzapeza linanena bungwe. Koma chitsanzo ndi zolondola kwambiri? Bertrand ananena kuti zikhalidwe za Makampani duopoly Adzakakamizika anapereka mitengo pa mlingo wa mtengo awo mmphepete. Choncho, pamapeto, onse kuchepetsedwa kwa mpikisano wangwiro. Komabe, kuchita likukhalira kuti si m'magulu onse mophweka kusintha voliyumu ya nkhani, malinga ndi Bertrand. Pankhaniyi bwino limafotokoza zinthu Cournot chitsanzo. onse angagwiritsidwe ntchito zina. Mu gawo loyamba, Makampani kusankha mabuku linanena bungwe, wachiwiri - kupikisana Bertrand chitsanzo, atakhala mitengo. Payokha, tiyenera kuganizira choncho kumene chiwerengero cha Makampani ku msika amamuchititsa osawerengeka. Ndiye Cournot chitsanzo limasonyeza kuti mitengo ndi wofanana ndi mtengo mmphepete. Choncho, zinthu izi, onse zikugwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi mfundo za Bertrand.

kutsutsa

Bertrand chitsanzo amagwiritsa maganizo amene ali kutali kwambiri ndi moyo weniweni. Mwachitsanzo, akuti ogula amakonda kugula mankhwala otsika mtengo kwambiri. Komabe, kwenikweni msika uli sanali mtengo mpikisano. mankhwala ndi kusiyanitsidwa, osati chogwirizana. Palinso ndalama zoyendera. Palibe aliyense amene akufuna kupita kawiri mpaka kugula katundu mtengo ndi 1%, ngati iye pa izi ndi zoposa 1% ya mtengo. Asadzibvesa pontho tidaipanga. Choncho, moyo weniweniwo, Bertrand chitsanzo kawirikawiri sakhala ntchito.

Kusiyana kwina n'kofunika kuti palibe kampani akhoza kuchita osati pokuza mphamvu kupanga kalekale. Iwo taonera zina Edgeworth. Mitengo mu moyo weniweniwo musati zogwirizana ndi opanga mtengo mmphepete. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti kusankha njira si kophweka, monga Nash mgwirizano.

kuchita

Bertrand chitsanzo limasonyeza kuti oligopoly ndi gawo wapakatikati. Ngati Makampani sitingakhoze kugwirizana ndi anakana kugwirizana khama lawo, iwo kugulitsa katundu wawo pa mitengo wofanana ndalama mmphepete. Palibe adzautaya, koma sadzalandira zasungidwa. zinthu bwino amaoneka ngati kuchita. Makampani angapo yopangira mankhwala ofanana, n'zosavuta zokwanira kugwirizana. Uwu ndiye zofunika kwambili kwa onse. Pankhaniyi, mtengo msika wayikidwa wofanana okhawo lapansi. Aliyense wa Makampani yotulutsa katundu mwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zake. Ubwino wa Makampani weniweni moyo tingawadziwe kokha kupyolera umisiri watsopano.