Mandala Utali monga la makhalidwe ofunika kwambiri fotooptiki

Kutalika focal ya mandala - mtunda pakati pa kumbuyo yaikulu mfundo disolo ndi cholinga kumbuyo kwa dongosolo kuwala.

Monga mmene taonera, tanthauzo maphunziro, ku maganizo a anthu wamba, penapake kukhumuditsidwa. Choncho, wojambula zithunzi zofufuzafufuza si monga kofunika kudziwa tanthauzo la zimenezi, makhalidwe ofunika mandala Utali, kwambiri kulingalira mmene nkhani zimenezi zimakhudza. Ndipo amakhudza njira / kuchotsa nkhaniyi mu viewfinder / chophimba / pachithunzipa, komanso m'tsogolo.

Pali magalasi ndi variable Utali ( "Zuma") ndi magalasi ndi Utali atathana ( "kulewerana"). Pankhaniyi, "Zuma" gawo pa magalasi mawonekedwe ndi magalasi varifocal. Sinthani magalasi zambiri ntchito makamera ndi magalasi mosinthana, komanso "psevdozerkalkah" (makamera, moganizira mfundo ndi ofanana ndi bala ochiritsira sopo, koma boma, ndipo ndithudi kuoneka kuti agwirizane SLR). Chiwembu kuwala kwa magalasi zoterezi ndi limachititsa kuganizira lonse mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, anafotokoza wopanga kwa chipangizo. Sinthani mandala ngati mbali zabwino alibe ndipo amalola wovalayo kugwila yekha akonzedwa enieni amayesetsa focal. Komabe, iwo zambiri yaying'ono, chosavuta ndi mtengo kuposa magalasi mawonekedwe. Koma ambiri amene amagwiritsa ntchito za "mazenera" si n'komwe malamulo otere. Pafupifupi onse "mbale sopo" a m'munsi ndi pakati mtengo osiyanasiyana yatenganso magalasi mawonekedwe.

Mandala Utali, monga ulamuliro, kaya pano mu dzina lake (kwa mosinthana mandala) kapena yaing'ono tsiferkami bukovkami ndi chabe ntchito kwa izo (lililonse kwa "Sopo"). Zikatero, m'pofunika kwambiri kuti atsekerezedwa, chifukwa ena opanga amasonyeza yekha zothandiza Utali disolo, ena - chenicheni chokhacho, ndi ena - kenako, ndi zambiri. Pambuyo kuoneka makamera digito mu ojambula tsiku ndi tsiku moyo analowa chinthu monga "Chinthu mbewu". Izi chiŵerengero cha kukula kwake liniya wa kamera masanjidwewo kuti miyeso liniya a muyezo uzkoplenochnogo mafelemu (36 mamilimita × 24 mm). mawerengetsedwe onse Kugula Digicam "kropnutyh" mwachitsanzo, makulidwe awo ndi laling'ono kwambiri kuposa pamwamba magawo liniya filimu. Choncho, kudziwa otchedwa ogwira Utali (monga ngati mukutenga ochiritsira uzkoplenochnoy "sopo bokosi") ayenera kukhala leni mandala Utali kuchulukitsa ndi mbewu chinthu masanjidwewo. Nthawi zina, njirayi umatchedwanso Utali wa 35 millimeter ofanana. tsifromylnitsy kukula kwa masanjidwewo angapezeke mu zolembedwa amene amabwera ndi kamera kapena pa webusaiti opanga galimotoyo. M'malo mwake, kukula adzayang'ana zachilendo monga choncho - 1 / 2.5 "Komanso ukonde angapezeke mtima tebulo mbewu Chinthu kwa akamagwiritsa ambiri masanjidwewo ..

Ukulu wa kutalika focal (zambiri weniweni osati ogwira) magalasi ali m'magulu awa:

• diso lansomba (zosakwana 20 mm). Monga ulamuliro, kutumikira analanda panolamiki maganizo, zomangamanga;
• Chotambala (24-35 mm). likuwayenera - kuwombera m'nyumba, makamaka ang'onoang'ono, malo, gulu zithunzi;
• wabwinobwino (35-70 mm). Ngodya maganizo a munthu lofanana kutalika focal pafupifupi 50 mm. Choncho, gulu la mandala nthawi zambiri ntchito mfuti tsiku ndi tsiku. Photos anatengedwa pa zotalika izi mogwirizana, zachilengedwe tione;
• kuleza cholinga (70-135 mm). Choncho ali kutalika focal a magalasi ambiri zazikulu, komanso otchedwa "portretnik" (magalasi anafuna chithunzi kuwombera) ;
• Chosololera (pa 135 mm). Apa chirichonse chiri bwino - nkhaniyo ili kutali ndi wojambula zithunzi. maso amenewo kukhala yofunika kwambiri pamene kuwombera zamasewera ndi zoimbaimba. Kapena, kuti, chithunzi kusaka nyama zakutchire.

Ndithudi, izi magawano magalasi waukulu Utali pokhapo titachitapo kwambiri Komabe, kusankha Optics kwa kamera, ngakhale wojambula zithunzi zofufuzafufuza ayenera kukumbukira kuti iye akufuna kuchita ndi "galasi".