Magulidwe akatundu mu nkhalango. Zikhulupiriro General ndi zitsanzo

zamoyo zambiri wamoyo kudya chakudya organic mu limatchula za moyo wawo padziko lathuli. Mwa zakudya zimenezi ndi zomera, nyama ndi zina nyama za ntchito yawo ndi zinthu zakufa, wokonzeka kuwola ndinso. The ndondomeko kwambiri mphamvu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama ndi zomera kumachitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana, koma nthawi zonse anapanga otchedwa unyolo chakudya. Iwo kutembenuza kanthu ndi mphamvu ndi zakudya angathe kusamukira ku chilli wina ndi mzake, akuchita makope zinthu zamoyo.

Magulidwe akatundu m'nkhalango

zosiyanasiyanazo nkhalango yokutidwa ambiri padziko dziko. Izi - mosavuta ndi chida kuyeretsa lathuli. M'pake kuti anthu ambiri mwapang'onopang'ono akatswiri a masiku ano ndiponso olimbikitsa kulankhula lero kudula mitengo ikuluikulu. magulidwe akatundu mu nkhalango akhoza kukhala osiyanasiyana ndithu, koma nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo palibe mayunitsi kuposa 3-5. Kuti timvetse tanthauzo lalikulu la funso, ife titembenukira kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu mwina unyolo.

Alimi ndi ogula

1. The choyamba - autotrophic zamoyo kuti kudya chakudya zochita kupanga. Iwo kutenga mphamvu ndi kanthu kulenga matupi awo kugwiritsa ntchito malo mpweya awo ndi mchere. Mwachitsanzo - zomera zobiriwira, amene zoyendetsedwa ndi dzuwa mwa photosynthesis. Kapena mitundu angapo tizilombo kuti moyo kulikonse: mu mlengalenga, nthaka, madzi. Iwo opanga amapanga ambiri kugwirizana choyamba mu unyolo pafupifupi chakudya mu nkhalango (zitsanzo amapatsidwa m'munsimu).
2. Chachiwiri - zamoyo heterotrophic kuti kudyetsa pa nkhani organic. Pakati pawo - woyamba kuti amene mwachindunji kugwiritsa mphamvu ndi zomera ndi mabakiteriya, alimi. kuti chachiwiri - amene amadya nyama chakudya (zolusa kapena carnivores).

zomera

Ndi iwo, monga ulamuliro, magulidwe akatundu kumayambira nkhalango. Iwo ndi kugwirizana choyamba mu dongosolo. Mitengo ndi zitsamba, zitsamba ndi ndere kopeza chakudya kwa zinthu zochita kupanga, kugwiritsa ntchito dzuwa, mpweya ndi mchere. Magulidwe akatundu mu nkhalango, mwachitsanzo, akhoza kuyamba ndi birch makungwa amene wadya kalulu, ndipo nawonso, amapha ndi kudya nkhandwe.

nyama zamiyendo Inayi

Nkhalango zosiyanasiyana ndi nyama zambiri kuti kudyetsa chomera chakudya. Kumene, ndi nkhalango, mwachitsanzo, ndi osiyana kwambiri pa kudzazidwa m'dziko la gulu pakati. M'nkhalango, kunyumba kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama, zomwe zambiri - herbivores, choncho amapanga ulalo lachiwiri la unyolo chakudya, kudyetsa chomera chakudya. Kuyambira njovu ndi rhinos kwa tizilombo sadzachitanso kuonekera, ku achule ndi mbalame chisawawa. Mwachitsanzo, mu Brazil, mwachitsanzo zimapezeka mitundu yoposa 700 agulugufe, pafupifupi zonse - zamiyendo Inayi.

Osauka, ndithudi, zomera mu lamba nkhalango ya gawo pakati pa Russia. Choncho, mungachite magulidwe akatundu mu nkhalango wosanganiza ndi zochepa kwambiri. Agologolo ndi akalulu ndi makoswe zina, agwape ndi mphalapala, hares - Kodi maziko maunyolo awa.

Zolusa kapena carnivores

Iwo wotchedwa chifukwa iwo kudya thupi, akudya nyama ya nyama zina. Mu unyolo chakudya zatenga malo lalikulu, nthawi zambiri kukhala ulalo komaliza. Mu nkhalango zathu ndi nkhandwe ndi mimbulu, kadzidzi ndi mphungu, nthawi zina - zimbalangondo (koma kwenikweni ali nyama omnivorous kuti udye ndi zomera ndi nyama chakudya). Mu unyolo chakudya akhoza kutengapo mbali zonse limodzi ndi zingapo ogwirira kuti kudya mzake. Akumaliza kugwirizana kawirikawiri carnivore waukulu ndi wamphamvu kwambiri. M'nkhalango ya magulu pafupifupi udindo angachichite, monga nkhandwe. ogwirira awa si ochuluka kwambiri, ndi anthu awo okha ndi michere ndi nkhokwe mphamvu m'munsi. Popeza, monga mwa chilamulo cha kusamala mphamvu, mu kusintha kwa chakudya kugwirizana wina kufika wotsatira angasiye mpaka 90% ya gwero la. Mwina n'chifukwa chake chiwerengero cha mfundo za unyolo kwambiri chakudya sangathe upambana asanu.

miimba

Iwo kudya zotsalira za zinthu zina. Oddly, koma mu chikhalidwe cha nkhalango komanso sizovuta kwambiri ku tizilombo ndi tizilombo mbalame ndi nyama. kafadala ambiri Mwachitsanzo, ntchito monga matupi chakudya cha tizilombo tina ndi ngakhale inakhala. Ndi mabakiteriya amatha kuwola ndinso mtembo wa nyama ku nthawi yochepa. miimba Zamoyo kumathandiza yaikulu m'chilengedwe. Iwo kuwononga kanthu, akatembenuka mu zinthu zochita kupanga, kumasula mphamvu ntchito kwa umoyo wawo. Ngati sikudali miimba, n'kutheka kuti malo onse apadziko kuti yokutidwa ndi matupi a akufa nyama zonse ndi zomera.

Zitsanzo unyolo chakudya matabwa

Kuti akonze unyolo wa chakudya mu nkhalango, muyenera kudziwa zokhudza anthu amene amakhala kumeneko. Ndipo komanso zimene nyama akhoza kudya.

1. Birch makungwa - tizilombo mphutsi - mbalame yaing'ono - Mbalame zodya nyama.
2. Palaia masamba - mabakiteriya.
3. Mbozi wa gulugufe - mbewa - njoka - ndi hedgehog - nkhandwe.
4. Kanthanga - Mbewa - nkhandweyo.
5. Monga chimanga - mbewa - kadzidzi.

Pali kutsimikizika: Palaia masamba - mabakiteriya - Worms mvula - mbewa - ndi Mole - ndi hedgehog - nkhandweyo - nkhandwe. Koma monga ulamuliro, chiwerengero cha mayunitsi a osaposa asanu. magulidwe akatundu mu nkhalango Oil ndi chosiyana ndi anthu deciduous lapansi.

1. Mbewu mbewu monga chimanga - mpheta - mphaka zakutchire.
2. Maluwa (timadzi tokoma) - Gulugufe - chule - izo.
3. Oil-chulucho - woodpecker - mphungu.

unyolo Food zina nsalu ndi kupanga zovuta kwambiri, Mipikisano mlingo dongosolo, kaphatikizidwe mu topezeka umodzi nkhalango. Mwachitsanzo, nkhandwe sakubwerera ndi kudya tizilombo ndi mphutsi yawo, nyama ndi unyolo motero zambiri chakudya intersect.