Mafuta - ndi ... Mitundu ya mafuta, zizindikiro zawo

The galimoto zovuta dongosolo kuti makinawa amafuna kuisamalira ndi kugwilizana ndi malangizo ntchito. Iwo anapereka Mlengi ndipo anasonyeza mwatsatanetsatane mu mawonekedwe a mndandanda wa malangizo.

Petulo - amadziwika kuti mafuta. Pa khalidwe ndi durability ndi makhalidwe waukulu galimoto zimadalira ntchito. Ngati mafuta kusintha malinga ndi zofunikira za injini, injini Pakufunika kukonza kapena m'malo posachedwa kwambiri. Choncho, kutsatira mafuta apamwamba ndi akonzedwa Napempha kwa makhalidwe, dalaivala akhoza kwambiri kuchepetsa ndalama za makina awo kukonza.

Lero pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafuta kuti injini. Kodi kusiyana pakati kuwathandiza kumvetsa malangizo a ziziyenda odziwa ndi technologists. Kusankha bwino mu nkhani iyi ndi yosavuta.

makhalidwe General

Otchedwa mafuta osakaniza chifukwa cha distillation wa mafuta. Iwo anafuna kuti injini kuyaka mkati. Kutupa amapezeka mu dongosolo amakakamizidwa. Mafuta "Ford", "Opel", "Ladas" ndi zina zotero. E. zingasiyane pa nambala ya makhalidwe. Ichi ndi chifukwa kusiyana mafuta.

Mafuta zilonda pamene usavutike ku 28 215 ° C. Kuonetsetsa galimoto ndi ndege mitundu. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, kwambiri adakula zofunika zachilengedwe mafuta oyera. Choncho, kapangidwe kake kuchuluka kwa mankhwala sulfure langokhala, komanso chimasanduka onunkhira.

Makhalidwe waukulu omwe amaonetsera kuchuluka kwa utsi chifukwa magalimoto ndi fractional zikuchokera, detonation ndi kukhazikika mankhwala, kuthamanga nthunzi, ndi zina zotero. D. Mukafuna kugula nyama liyenera kukhala bwino ndi katundu yaikulu ya mafuta.

Detonation bata ndi octeni

Lawi la mu injini imafika zambiri pa mlingo wa 20-30 m / s. Mu zina achuluke kwambiri (mpaka 1500-2500 m / s). Pa nthawi imeneyi, pali detonation. Zingamvekere machitidwe a injini. Kwaiye mafunde yotulutsa mafuta. "Opel", "Peugeot", "Mercedes" galimoto kapena mtundu wina uliwonse likhoza zikatero wayamba overdraw mafuta.

Detonation kumachepetsa injini mphamvu. Pa nthawi yomweyo kuwotcha kudzera utsi mavavu ake ndi pistons. Akusonyeza kuti utsi detonation kukana ntchito octeni chiwerengero. Kuthandauza mu ndondomeko ya mapulani ndi kumanga wopanga mafuta amachititsa mayesero pamene yodzaza ndi zinthu m'mapapo.

Njira kudziŵa chiwerengero octeni

Mafuta - mafuta, lomwe pa ntchito ya injini wothira mpweya kufanana ena. Nambala octeni zingadziŵike m'zimene. Iyi ndi njira komanso kufufuza galimoto. Mbali yoyamba, mayeso ikuchitika pa katundu wochepa ndi lachiwiri - pa liwiro mkulu ndi Kutentha kutentha.

Mwa njira ya petulo mayeso anawagawa m'magulu 2 chachikulu. The woyamba akhale kulemba kalata "Ine". Izi zikutanthauza kuti octeni chiwerengero wakhazikitsidwa mothandizidwa ndi njira kafukufuku. Ngati olemba zikuphatikizapo kalata "A", ndiye kuti kugogoda malire Mamita galimoto njira. Nambala octeni akhoza anapereka njira awiriwa nthawi imodzi. Pankhaniyi kulemba ali ndi makalata "AI".

Gulu la octeni

Kudziwa pa siteshoni ya mpweya ndi funso "wotani mafuta ndi bwino kuti lembani mu injini" tiyenera kuziganizira muyezo gulu pa nambala octeni. Bukuli lili ndi njira kafukufuku.

Malinga ndi iye, pali mitundu 4 a mafuta. Kusiyanitsa "Normal 80", "Wokhazikika 92" ndi "Super 98" ndi "95 umafunika". Mtundu woyamba lakonzedwa injini galimoto, pamodzi ndi AI-80.

M'malo a leaded mafuta A-93 m'galimoto lero anaganiza ntchito "Wokhazikika 92." Galimoto yachilendo, ulimiwu womwe wapangidwa mogwirizana ndi mfundo zonse European ndi zofunika wamba kugwiritsa ntchito "Super-98" kapena "umafunika 95". mafuta ndi mwayi moyo wa injini njira magalimoto ena, ndiponso kwathunthu likukwaniritsa zofunikira mkulu zachilengedwe.

khalidwe la petulo

Eni magalimoto ena, monga ngati "Mercedes", "Ford", "Peugeot", umene petulo ayenera kutsatira mfundo apamwamba a ku Ulaya, kumapangitsanso yododometsa a m'banja khalidwe mafuta.

Mu dziko lathu, pali mchitidwe kuwonjezeka khalidwe la mafuta ndi octeni nambala ndi ntchito zina zapadera. Izi zigawo odana ndi kugogoda. Pofuna kupewa mapangidwe sludge mu injini, iwo ntchito limodzi ndi mkangaziwisi a.

Antidetonators ali patsogolo. Evaporating kunja kwa mpweya injini utsi, zinthu izi imatulutsidwa mu chilengedwe, chiphe izo. Choncho, ntchito ya umisiri amenewa ali m'malo wofooka njira. Ndi bwino kuti poyamba tikhale ndi mafuta apamwamba umene umakumana amafuna zachilengedwe.

Molakwa anasankha mafuta

Akuyesera kusankha bwino galimoto yanu mafuta, madalaivala ambiri kulakwitsa. Aliyense wopanga calibrates injini pansi inayake kusakaniza. Ngati dongosolo lonse, microprocessors ndi masensa anapangidwa kuti "umafunika 95", injini sadzatha ntchito mokwanira "Normal 80".

Mu nkhani iyi, kugogoda kachipangizo kwa katundu, mathamangitsidwe mwadzidzidzi nthawi zonse zidzayambike. Izi zimapangitsa opareshoni osalimba a galimoto, ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu yake. Ngati ndi kachipangizo kugogoda sizikuyenda bwino, mphamvu wagawo mwina overheat. Valavu ndi pisitoni Choncho anawononga mofulumira. mafuta ayamba kuonjezera. Engine kukonza ndi machitidwe ena adzakhala mtengo kwambiri kudzaza galimoto mafuta chofunika kalasi.

Kodi kuonanso ubwino wa mafuta?

Oipa ogulitsa akhoza mosadalira kusintha mipweya ya mafuta kupanga ndalama zambiri. Kupewa kukhala kapolo wa chinyengo, m'pofunika kugula mafuta kuchokera ogulitsa odalirika.

Petulo - amadziwika, consumables, kumene ntchito chimadalira pa galimoto. zidazo sangawapulumutse. Macheke angathe kuchitidwa paokha. Kuti tichite zimenezi, petulo udzathiridwa mu chidebe mandala. thunthu ayenera kukhala wotumbululuka chikasu ndi zosafunika palibe.

Ngati mphamvu kuwonjezera permanganate potassium mafuta sayenera pinki. Apo ayi, kusintha mtundu limasonyeza dilution ndi madzi. Mu ena gasi kuwasindikiza pofuna kupewa mafuta onyenga papezeka kudzera osiyana.

Ngati mwaika dontho la mafuta pa dzanja ndipo pakani sitiyenera kukhala kufufuza mafuta. Apo ayi, akuti zosafunika dizilo. Komanso ayenera kuchenjeza fungo lililonse, osati mmene zopangidwa mafuta.

makhalidwe mankhwala ndi mafuta abwino

Pofufuza yankho ku funso mmene mafuta uzipereka mu thanki, muyenera mwawerenga mosamala malangizo amenewa. magawo izi bwino n'kukulemberani Mlengi mu chikalata ichi.

Pa kuyaka ayenera allocated pazipita kuchuluka kwa kutentha. Komanso, makhalidwe thermodynamic ayenera kukhala mkulu. Mafuta mosavuta amawapopa kudzera mapaipi ndi njira galimoto. chithunzi siziyenera kuchepetsedwa pa otsika kutentha, fumbi. Mlingo mulingo woyenera kwambiri evaporation amalola yaitali yosungirako mafuta ndi kuonetsetsa moto wake mofulumira pa injini.

Ndi mankhwala abwino amateteza zigawo zikuluzikulu dongosolo ndi dzimbiri. Modern apamwamba utsi china chirichonse ayenera kukhala zachilengedwe otetezeka. ndi kuwonongeka kwa zinthu sayenera poizoni chilengedwe.

katswiri maganizo

Kugula apamwamba mafuta, akatswiri amalangiza kutsatira mndandanda wa malangizo. Izi kupewa chinyengo ya ogulitsa, kupulumutsa ntchito injini kwa nthawi yaitali. Chinthu choyamba kulabadira mbiri ya implementer. Pa gasi kuti amalemekeza dzina yawo sadzaipititsa kugulitsa otsika kalasi petulo.

Mfundo izi zimene anam'gulira wa mafuta kukhala m'dera wogula a, komanso zolembedwa zogwirizana za ufulu kugulitsa mafuta. Ngakhale pa zaka, koma gasi apamwamba anakonza, ndi kulemba yoyenera, Zizindikiro ndi ozolowera.

Iwo ayenera kuchenjeza mtengo alakwitsa otsika mafuta. Khalidwe la mankhwala, monga tatchulazi, sikuthandiza yakupulumutsa.

Mogwirizana ndi malangizo a akatswiri amaphunzitsidwa, tinganene kuti mafuta - nkhuni za injini mkati kuyaka, kumene kusankha olondola zimadalira durability cha machitidwe engine.