Macrolides - mankhwala / makhalidwe General ndi ntchito

Macrolides - mankhwala kapangidwe amene anawulula macrocyclic lactone mphete. Awo malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa maatomu mpweya ankasiyana 14 ziwalo (clarithromycin, roxithromycin, mankhwalawa), 15 ziwalo (azithromycin), 16-ziwalo (josamycin, midecamycin, spiramycin). zinthu zimenezi ndi achangu kwa majeremusi okhudza maselo ambiri (chlamydia, mycoplasma, Legionella, Campylobacter) ndi galamu HIV cocci (aureus, piogenez). Macrolides - mankhwala a mankhwala osachepera poizoni.

Posachedwapa pakhala ponso kukana tating'onoting'ono kutsogoleredwa ndi gulu ili la mankhwala. Umboni wasayansi umasonyeza kuti nthaŵi zina macrolides 16-ziwalo (midecamycin, josamycin, spiramycin) kusunga ntchito ndi streptococci pyogenic ndi pneumococci, kugonjetsedwa 14 ziwalo (clarithromycin, roxithromycin, mankhwalawa), ndi 15-ziwalo (azithromycin) wothandizira mankhwala. Macrolides - mankhwala kanthu pa diphtheria ndi pertussis, Legionella, Campylobacter, Moraxella, Listeria, mauka, spirochetes, mycoplasmas, ureplazmu. Tikumbukenso kuti tizilombo a m'banja Pseudomonas ndi Enterobakteriatsea ndi kukana achilengedwe macrolides onse.

limagwirira kanthu

Mankhwala gulu akuphwanya biosynthesis mapulotini pa ribosomes maselo tating'onoting'ono. Macrolides - mankhwala omwe kuonetsa zotsatira bacteriostatic. Pamene kugawa Mlingo pazipita kuonetsa ntchito bactericidal ndi pneumococcus, diphtheria ndi pertussis. Mankhwalawa amathanso kusonyeza immunomodulatory ndi odana ndi yotupa kwenikweni.

Mankhwalawa ndi mosavuta odzipereka mu kapepala gastro-m'mimba, pa kumamatira zotsatira zawo za bioactive mankhwala ndende yokonza, mlingo mawonekedwe, komanso pamaso chakudya ndi kuchuluka kwake. Chakudya kwambiri amachepetsa bioavailability wa mankhwalawa, azithromycin, roxithromycin ndi medikamitsina, ndi pafupifupi ziribe mphamvu pa bioavailability wa spiramycin, josamycin ndi clarithromycin.

Macrolides - mankhwala, amene ndende mu madzi kwambiri m'munsi poyerekeza ndi nsalu. Kotero kuti iwo amatchedwanso mankhwala minofu. mbadwo watsopano wa macrolides mosavuta kumumanga zonsezo plasma. Mlingo wapamwamba wa madzi mapuloteni kumanga anaona ndi rodomiksinom (90%), otsika - ndi spiramycin (zosakwana 20%). mankhwala macrolide bwino kwambiri anagawira thupi lonse, kulenga ndende pazipita ziwalo zosiyanasiyana ndipo zimakhala. Mosavuta mkatikati mwa selo nembanemba, kupanga m'mbali okhudza maselo ambiri kudzikundikira.

mankhwala kagayidwe kachakudya linachokera makamaka ya ndulu ndi mkodzo. Pambuyo ntchito mankhwala akhoza kukhala mavuto monga mutu, nseru, kusanza, kutsekula m'mimba, kufooka ambiri, malaise, thupi lawo siligwirizana. Maantibayotiki anati gulu kutumikiridwa ndi matenda opatsirana a chapamwamba (pachimake sinusitis, streptococcal tonzillofaringit) ndi kutsikira (atypical chibayo, chifuwa) airway, pertussis, diphtheria, chindoko, chlamydia, lymphogranuloma venereum, periostitis, periodontitis, ziphuphu kwambiri, kampilobakterioznom gastroenteritis, toxoplasmosis cryptosporidiosis.

Ndi osafunika kuti mankhwala mankhwala awa ali woyembekezera. Zatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi zoyipa za clarithromycin pa mwana wosabadwayo. Josamycin, spiramycin ndipo mankhwalawa sakhala ndi zotsatira zoipa pa mwana wosabadwayo, kotero iwo angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngakhale pa mimba. Azithromycin panthawi ntchito mu nkhani ya pangozi. Ambiri mwa mankhwala macrolide akulowa mkaka mayi. M'nthawi ya yoyamwitsa bwino kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala awa.