Lipoti - ndi chiyani ichi?

Polemba chinenero lipoti chotchuka kwambiri mu atolankhani Russian ndi yachilendo nthawi makedzana. Palibe buku kudziletsa kulemekeza simungakhoze kuchita popanda izo, chifukwa izo atsegula plethora Nkhani zambiri ndi mwayi ofotokozera kwa mtolankhani kuthandiza kuuza owerenga ndi pazipita kuchuluka kwa mfundo za chochitika panopa kapena zenizeni chikhalidwe.

Mawu akuti "lipoti"

Kufotokoza kuposa lipoti ndi wapadera tanthauzo polemba chinenero chimenechi. Choncho, malipoti - utolankhani ndi mtundu wanyimbo cha zomwe cholinga chake chachikulu ndi kulanda mfundo zogwirizana mwachindunji kwa powonekera, ndi, "Maso" ya wolemba. Izi zimathandiza kuti mu wowerenga kuganiza kuti iye ali pano mu njira ya chitukuko cha zochitika, amaona chilichonse anafotokoza mu lipoti.

Tikumbukenso kuti mawu akuti "lipoti" inatuluka mu chinenero cha Chirasha ku lipoti English, kutanthauza "kutengerapo". Mabaibulo a lingaliro ili palokha zimasokoneza ukulu wa Mitundu malipoti dongosolo mfundo za utolankhani, kuyambira mudziwe zimafalitsa - osati yosanthula iwo, kuyang'ana chibwenzi, kufufuza chifukwa ndi kuganizira zotsatira zotheka. wolemba chabe ali ndi omvera zimene zikuchitika ndikuzindikira ena zinthu zazing'ono koma chofunika zosaoneka kwa adagona diso, ndi kuthandiza olandira kupanga kotheka bwino zimene zikuchitika, amene amafika pa zochitika anthu za chilengedwe.

History reportage

Mu lipoti koyamba mtengo - linanena apaulendo, anthu amene anali ku ntchito ya manja a chozizwitsa cha Mulungu, palibe ngozi, etc. Ilo silinali polemba chinenero cha utolankhani, ndipo wina akhoza kunena, anabadwa ake, pamaso .. mmene inakhalapo mu dongosolo coherent.

Mmodzi wa ndiAmene loyamba reportage unwitting anali wakale Greek wasayansi ndi wapaulendo Herodotus, amene afufuza Asia Minor, Balkans ndi Middle East. Iye analemba zonse zimene anaona. marekodi awa kenako udzayesedwa wotsogolera magazini kuti zoona, inali nkhani.

Mkubwela kwa a osindikizira anasintha lipoti. Pafupifupi anapanga mtundu wanyimbo kumene atolankhani asonyezedwa mosalekeza. M'zaka za m'ma 18 mu ogwira ntchito nyuzipepala England ali ndi ufulu misonkhano ya malamulo ndi Nenani "sadzakhalakonso." Atolankhani anamva mudziwe shorthand, notsi za gulu msonkhano umachitika ndi ofanana m'mabuku, ndithudi, mu mtundu wanyimbo wa reportage.

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19 ku America ndipo Europe anali "golide zaka" nkhani. Polemba chinenero potsiriza inkayenda ndipo ndayamba lero mbali. Atolankhani tcheru wapadera kupita kudziko lachilendo pa dziko (nkhalango, nkhalango), komanso zinsinsi za anthu ozungulira, upandu kwambiri egregious kuti zinali zovuta kuvumbulutsa zachisinsi. Uilyam Sted, Nellie bly, Genri Stenli - izi ziri basi Atolankhani ochepa amene anagwira ntchito polemba chinenero cha "reportage". Amenewa anali ambuye chenicheni cha luso lawo, njira wosimidwa ntchito kuthetsa vuto lililonse.

mitundu ya malipoti

The chidwi kwambiri khalidwe pafupipafupi mitundu ya mtundu wanyimbo Tchulani chochitika Kuphunzira, malipoti wapadera, malipoti, kufufuza ndi malipoti, ndemanga.

Chochitika malipoti - iyi ndi nkhani ya zochitika zofunika komanso mwachangu, komanso zochitika zimene kufunika kwawo kwa mumtima, osati kokha kufotokoza. wolemba silinena zonse zimene amaona. Iye ayenera kutenga mfundo chidwi kwambiri ndi nkhani. Zofunika kwambiri Report ichi - kulenga "kukhalapo zotsatira".

lipoti Special - izo mtundu kumatanthauza chitukuko ndi kufotokoza nkhani zogwirizana komanso omvetsera bwino zotsatira za vuto lina lililonse.

Reportage, kufufuza kumafuna kupeza mudziwe zina mabvuto ku magwero osiyanasiyana, ntchito zoyankhulana kulongosolerana chithunzi chonse cha zimene zikuchitika.

Report-ndemanga lolunjika pa phunziro mwatsatanetsatane za nkhope zotchulidwa. Mlembi ayenera mumvetse ndi kufotokoza chilichonse mwatsatanetsatane.

Ntchito, chinthucho ndi njira Nkhani

Ndi ku mawonedwe a magawo izi ndi zofunika kuti mufotokozere polemba chinenero chilichonse journalistic. Choncho, nkhani ya malipoti amachita chidwi leni chochitika, amene adzakhala chidwi kwa anthu. Chithunzichi ndi kusamutsa zitetezo za zidindo, nkhani za zomwe zikuchitika. Njira - kulengedwa kwa amatikhululukira "kukhalapo zotsatira".

The zikuchokera reportage

Kulemba lipoti lakuthwa, amene adzakhala chidwi kuwerenga, muyenera kutsatira dongosolo ena. Izo zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: kulongosola kanthu (kuyenera kuphatikizapo kukopa chidwi cha chochitika owala), gawo lalikulu (ofotokoza zimene zikuchitika) ndi zotsatira za lipoti la (la wolemba mtima kwa chochitika ndemanga zake). Nkofunika kudziwa kuti lipoti - si mtundu wanyimbo mawunikidwe, choncho mtolankhani polemba nkhani sitiyenera kuyang'ana kwa zimayambitsa, maubwenzi ndi kulosera zam'tsogolo.