Mitundu ya kuyankhulana

nkhani iliyonse - kuuzana maganizo. M'menemo mabwanawe ndi maudindo ofanana. Koma kucheza amatchedwa kuwombola maganizo sizikanakhala zoona kwathunthu, chifukwa - kuti mudziwe. Mtolankhani amafuna kudziwa, choncho kukambirana zambiri zosavomerezeka.

Utolankhani mitundu kuyankhulana angaonedwe m'njira zosiyanasiyana. America izo zimagawidwa monga izi:

- malingana ndi nkhani zimene motere (zambiri, munthu ndi zina zotero.);
- ndi mtundu wa bungwe (mwachisawawa, ndi msonkhano, atolankhani);
- zokambirana pa phunziro (chochitika, ndale, upandu);
- pa interlocutor a mtundu (nyenyezi, pakuona, wochenjera, odziwika bwino);
- pa zinthu chikhalidwe (zigawo zigawo apamwamba ofanana mtolankhani m'munsi);
- malinga ndi njira kulankhulana (telefoni, msonkhano munthu).

Ife kawirikawiri mitundu kuyankhulana anawagawira motere:

- kuyankhulana protocol (cholinga - kuti malongosoledwe nduna);

- mudziwe (cholinga umene - kupeza kuchokera woyenera munthu zambiri pa nkhani apakhungu kuyankhulana otere kuyandikira kumalankhula bwinobwino, amene sakhoza ankamuona ngati mawu a mayankho interlocutor.);

- kuyankhulana-chithunzi (Kuwulura Pawokha);

- kuyankhulana-zokambirana (akudzizindikiritsa mfundo zotheka maganizo);

- kuyankhulana-mbiri (kukonza maganizo a anthu osiyanasiyana, koma funso limodzi lokha).

Ndi mlingo wa standardization mitundu kuyankhulana anawagawa:

- mosamalitsa yovomerezeka;
- polustandartizirovannye;
- osati yovomerezeka;
- osokonezeka.

Mosamalitsa mitundu yovomerezeka kuyankhulana ndi pasadakhale. Iwo kukuonekera nkhani kuti atolankhani kutsatira, popanda kunyamuka kapena ku dongosolo kapena ku chiphunzitso cha. Mafunso amenewa akhoza anatumizidwa ku mbali ina pasadakhale (kufufuza ndi yokonza mayankho).

Polustandartizirovannye mitundu kuyankhulana ofanana ndi yovomerezeka (mafunso anakonzeratu), koma pano mtolankhani ali ndi ufulu kusintha mafunso kufunsa zina akufufuza mpata kapena kusinthasintha kwa woyankha lapansi.

ufulu kuyankhulana (sanali yovomerezeka) Musapereke mafunso okonzeka. Mtolankhani wina akhoza kupanga ( "likuonetsera") kukonza njira ya kucheza ndi mafunso ofunikira kuwala. Mukhoza kusintha ndondomeko yokonzedwa, malingana ndi njira ya zokambirana.

Palinso ali osokonezeka kucheza pamene inu simungakhoze kutsatira bwino wasenza pamaso dongosolo (mwachitsanzo, kusowa umboni kuthandiza kungoganizira).

Mitundu kuyankhulana anasiyanitsidwa ndi chikhalidwe cha mfundo zimene analandira. Zimakhala:

- mfundo yoona;
- powunikira mfundo kapena maganizo kwa munthu wina ndi mzake (kapena vuto);
- deta wotulutsa "chithunzi" cha woyankha payekha.

Komanso, mitundu kuyankhulana zimatengera ubale woyankha a ku zokambirana. Ena ofunsidwawo ku mtolankhani amagwirizana mwaufulu, ena - osayanjanitsika (musati achoke oyandikana, koma salankhula mofunitsitsa kwambiri), ndipo ena - kukana ndi mwinamwake kunyalanyaza kuyankhulana.

Nkofunika kuvumbulutsa zachisinsi chifukwa chimene gwero zinthu mwa njira inayake. Mtolankhani athe kulimbikitsa ndi kufooketsa zolinga zabwino kulepheretsa, wodziwa kucheza mkati mutu anapatsidwa pasadakhale. kuyankhulana njira n'chofunikira kwambiri.

Mitundu kuyankhulana kwa siteji kafukufuku lagawidwa:

- kuyambirira (woyendetsa phunziro);
- zofunika (kutolera mfundo zofunikira);
- kuwunika (zofunika pa nkhani ya mfundo osakwanira kapena powunikira analandira).

Ndi chiwerengero cha ophunzira mafunso misa, gulu, munthu.

chidwi kwambiri ndi mafunso pachiyambi (ndi mwamsanga Kupereka mayankho patsogolo mafunso). Blitz Kafukufuku mwina kuchitikira paulendo gulu lonselo ankaliphera pamodzi ndi munthu aliyense payekha, munthu, Intaneti (mafunso pafupifupi pa malo).