Likulu la Russia wakale: woyamba ndi wotsatira

Chidwi m'mbiri ya mafuko Asilavo, makamaka nthambi kum'mawa, lero zikuchulukirachulukira tsiku lililonse. Nthawi zonse atolankhani pali maganizo ndi malingaliro kuti kuphwanya mfundo anakhazikitsa, kutsutsa kapena kutsimikizira iwo. Pali kutsutsana padziko nkhani ya zimene mzindawo unali mutu wa likulu la Russia wakale. Tiyeni tiyese kumvetsetsa zimenezi.

Nkhani ya nthawi olden

Ngati inu mukukhulupirira nthano ndi mbiri, watsikira kwa ife kuchokera nthawi makedzana, ndi Kyiv anali mayi wa mizinda ya ku Russia. Polyansky akalonga ogwirizana mafuko Asilavo namsenza mzinda phiri, amene analengeza monga nyumba yake. Mozungulira atumwi kachisanu (tsiku maziko a makono Chiyukireniya likulu) mzinda anakula anayamba ndi anakula mphamvu ndi dziko naye. Pamene phompho banki ya Dnieper tidakocheza ku Scandinavia, Kiev anali kale malo kugula odziwika bwino m'chigawo. Ruric wachita kwambiri chifukwa boma ndi m'munsi ulamuliro wake wapamwamba ku dziko akale.

boma unakula, ndipo panali ana ambiri a banja kalonga. Aliyense ankafuna kuti alamulire ndi anayambitsa mzinda, amene ankati ndi kalonga. Choncho, choyamba likulu la Russia wakale thandizo zochepa, Otsutsa ambiri. Ndipo pamene chuma ndi mphamvu mu Kiev chimatha, panali chiwerengero chachikulu cha mizinda imene ayamba kudzitchula ya Capital. M'malo wa ukulu wa Kiev, amene wataya mphamvu zake pa dziko lonse anabwera ena: Smolensk, Novgorod-Seversky, Ryazan, Chernigov, Vladimir-Suzdal, ndipo kenako Moscow. Choncho, likulu la Russia wakale sanali yekha.

Golden-ozungulira Kyiv

Ngati mphunzitsi nkhani m'kalasi ndikaonekere kwa wophunzirayo ndi funso, kuitana likulu la Russia wakale, sanazengereze kuyankha, ndi Kiev. mzinda Michael anaima pa mapiri asanu ndi awiri, monga Rome, Yerusalemu kapena Constantinople. Iye ali ndi modabwitsa zaphindu malo m'mayiko ambirimbiri ndiponso ndi pa mphambano ya njira zikuluzikulu malonda. Popeza pochimanga mpaka nthawi ya Mongol-Chitata goli ndi chiwonongeko cha lake Khan Batu, iye anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri mu moyo wa m'deralo. Choncho, 1020 likulu la Russia wakale - ndi Kiev.

Kuuka kwa phulusa, ngakhale kuti iye anali pa chifundo cha anansi amphamvu kwambiri, koma kukula ndi kukhala popanda kutaya nkhope yake wokongola. Komabe, akadali chikumbukiro anthu a mumzindawo anakhalabe makamaka monga anaika moyo chikhalidwe chauzimu.

Veliky Novgorod

Mbiri yake akuyamba kuzungulira kwa zaka chinayi ndi lakhumi. Ngakhale ofukula amanena kuti dera la anthu amakono Novgorod anakakhala kale kwambiri kuposa ambiri amaganiza. mzinda uno, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ndi Asilavo, inamangidwa kutsatira chitsanzo cha Kiev. Apa anamangidwira ngati Court St. Sophia Cathedral wa dera lalikulu kwa Anthu. likulu ili la Russia wakale kuyambira maziko zinthu ngati malonda mzinda wolemera ndi chosiyana chikhalidwe, demokalase ndi makhalidwe abwino. Koma Iye analipira msonkho kwa Kiev ndipo anatumiza asilikali ake pa pempho la akalonga Capital.

Pamene Kiev anagwa pansi kulasa ndi asilikaliwa, Novgorod anathawa. Izi zinamuthandiza kuti apewe otsala a maukulu Russian, ndi Republic Novgorod akhala linatukuka wamira amadyerera.

likulu ena

Akatswiri ena kudziwa anayi likulu la Russia wakale. Ali:

• Kiev;
• Novgorod, anadzatchedwa Grand;
• Staraya Ladoga;
• Vladimir.

Woyamba awiri ife anayang'ana pa Nyumbayi. Mu XI zana (1020), likulu la Russia wakale - mzinda wa Kiev, ndipo iye adali mkulu pamene iye sanali anagwira mu 1240 ndi asilikaliwa. Kuyambira pamenepo, boma akale ali unatha, choncho akulankhula za m'mizinda ikuluikulu ndi tanthauzo.

Ladoga Vladimir pa-Klyazma

Staraya Ladoga lero - ndi m'mudzi waung'ono, kumene Rurik anakakhala kwa zaka ziwiri anamuitana kuti Novgorod. Imakhala ndi lodziwika bwino Prince amapereka ufulu akusonyeza nambala madigiri mitu ya limati wakale. Komabe, pali chinthu chimodzi, monga akatswiriwa anatsimikizira kuti mzindawo unali linakhazikitsidwa ndi Varangians, ndipo anthu inkakhala makamaka ochokera kumayiko Scandinavia. Otsala a likulu lakale la Russia, monga Novgorod, Vladimir ndi Kiev zinamangidwa ndi anthu Asilavo, chifukwa ndi bwino kwambiri kuyitana mizinda waukulu. Ndipo boma ngati kulibe, icho anatuluka kenako, pamene Aulosi Oleg limodzi ndi matalala Kiya.

Vladimir - mzinda umene wasankhidwa yekha Prince Andrew Bogolyubskii pambuyo pa ulendowu pa Kiev. The ukulu pa nthawi anali amphamvu ndi achuma, kotero mutu wa likulu anapereka Vladimir pa-Klyazma kutukuka kwambiri. Ichi chinali chiyambi cha ntchito yomanga aang'ono ndi akachisi, nyumba zachifumu wapamwamba. Kumayambiriro kwa m'ma chakhumi ndi chinayi, apa kunditumiza ku archdiocese lapansi. Pambuyo nkhondo Mongol ndi kuwuka kwa Moscow Vladimir kenako ulamuliro wake weniweni, koma yokhala anakhalabe likulu.

m'malo epilogue ndi

Tafotokoza likulu wakale wa Russia, zomwe kuboma monga. Izi kuthetsa wakale ndi mbiri olemera ndi nthano wokongola. Pa dziko lawo, ndipo lero mutha kuona nyumba otchuka amene amakumbutsa ulemerero zapitazi. Onse a iwo pa nthawi ina anachita ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa boma akale a kum'mawa Asilavo. Ndipo lero iwo ali kukopa alendo ndi zokopa wapadera, omwe adamangidwa mwa ambuye zabwino mu Europe.

ndi likulu la Russia wakale chiyani? Inu sadzamva yankho limodzi, chifukwa aliyense digiri woyenera kuvala mutu, komanso midzi ina ambiri amene akhala malikulu a maukulu, ndipo lero iwo ali chuma pa mapu a dziko lapansi.