Liberalism - chiphunzitso ichi ufulu

Liberalism - ndi gulu chikhalidwe ndi umoyo ndale chiphunzitso, ozikidwa pa mtengo wa ufulu wa anthu ku muzochitika zones za moyo (wauzimu, chuma, ndale, etc.).

Mbiri yakale, malingaliro owolowa manja n'zogwirizana ndi munthu akuganiza kuti chuma, zomwe kudziwa awo chuma chawo ndi kuchuluka amalandira madalitso chikhalidwe zotheka.

Mfundo oyambirira, omwe unaonekera liberalism - izo amakedzana ndinaganiza atsogoleri. Choyamba, chiphunzitso cha Socrates boma chilungamo. Kenako Roma Asitoiki anayamba lingaliro la chikhalidwe chilengedwe anthu ndi kukonza postulates ufulu mkati wauzimu wa munthu ndi lamulo la zolengedwa.

malingaliro awa chidwi chapadera akatswiri a zaka 17-18. Malingaliro a Descartes, Spinoza, ndipo Milton mu chikhalidwe cha munthu ngati zomveka ndi chikhalidwe wokhalapo, boma, chipembedzo ndi mphamvu yakukhala maziko maganizo kwa pofuna kukwaniritsa liberalism European.

Zofunika kwa zimene zinapangitsa ndi bwino chiphunzitso cha postulates ndi malingaliro inanyamula liberalism - Mprotestanti-kusintha kayendedwe. nthumwi zake zinali zofunikira za anthu onse ufulu wa chipembedzo. Nthawi imeneyi, kulambira anayamba kufooketsa.

Ndi chitukuko cha ulimi capitalist ndi heyday a sayansi, Gona ang'onoang'ono mu Britain ndi France anayamba mofulumira poipa. The maudindo apamwamba anakhala zochepa kwambiri, pang'onopang'ono anapanga latsopano kalasi chikhalidwe - ndi bourgeoisie. Zonsezi kwachititsa kuti kungomanga malingaliro atsopano, amene anali yodziwika ndi ake dongosolo la makhalidwe abwino. Iwo zili mkati, zomwe unadziwika ngati "liberalism".

Nthawiyi anali yodziwika ndi chakuti anzeru anaona kuopseza waukulu ufulu anthu mu nkhope ya boma. kachikhulupiriro Political wa liberalism anayamba mfundo monga boma oyendetsera dziko zochokera Kulekana kwa mphamvu za mu wamkulu, malamulo ndi nthambi milandu; kulemekeza ufulu kwachikhalire anthu ufulu wa chipembedzo, akuti, kucheza m'gulu la chikhalidwe ndale.

Ufulu ndi sadazindikira monga Mtheradi, koma ngati mwayi kuganiza mwaufulu kusankha chipembedzo, kufotokoza maganizo, kugwirizanitsa chipani, malonda, kusankha olamulira ndi kutiumba gosustroystva.

Mawu akuti linaonekera nthawi yoyamba Spain mu 1812, olekerera otchedwa mgwirizano wa anthu amene anakonza mawu a malamulo a.

Ku Ulaya, chakale liberalism amagwirizana ndi maganizo a chuma English ndale amene anayamba kuganiza kuti chuma ayenera kukhala wopanda kusokonezedwa boma. Monga malangizo a nthanthi ganizo, liberalism kulimbikitsa chitukuko chongoganiza payekha. Mu mbali chuma maganizo kwake woyesedwa wolungama kufunika ufulu wochita malonda, mitengo, malipiro, zomwe osakaniza pakati pa iwo anali yotithandiza mpikisano pakati pa alimi munthu mu msika.

Liberalism - si chabe panopa aluntha. Mu njira zambiri, izo zikanakhala zolondola kwambiri kuyitana chiphunzitso zachuma, sociological ndi nzeru za anthu.

Malinga ndi maganizo a Rousseau ndi Locke, mwamuna ali ndi ufulu chibadwidwe ndi ufulu, amene ayenera kuteteza boma. Gululi maganizo awa anali Hume, Kant, Franklin, Jefferson, Condorcet, Montesquieu ndi ena. malingaliro amenewa anali amasonyezedwa Declaration za ufulu wa ku United States mu 1776, Chikalata za Ufulu wa Anthu ku 1789 ndi Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Liberalism ndi Wachiwiri-liberalism imayendera chakudya chawo kiyi. Last ndi maganizo pa zachuma ndi nzeru kuchokera 1930s lapansi.