Lamiaceae banja: kufotokoza mwachidule

Oimira banja lalikulu Lamiaceae, Labiatae ndi kale, ndi ubiquitous pa dziko - mu M'madera a zitunda ofunda a ku Ulaya, ku South America Asian, mu mabacteria ndi otentha wa Central ndi South America. A mderalo mabanja zomera amadziwika mayiko Mediterranean, mapiri ndi zigwa za Africa American la Europe ndi ku Asia, koma Titafika pamalo Arctic kukumana mbewu kuchokera Labiatae - ndichithu bwino. Timaphunzira zambiri za makhalidwe a nthumwi za banja labwino.

N'lofala kwambiri ndi ntchito zawo

Lamiaceae banja, salakwa ankaona munkapezeka mbewu ufumu ogwirizana 221 mtundu ndi mtundu oposa 6000 a zomera. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi zakutchire, koma anthu a genera 65 ntchito horticulture yokongola, ndipo ngakhale mafakitale. Ambiri zomera za banja yasnotkovyh - mbewu wapatali mafuta, zomwe apeza ntchito kuphika, mankhwala, chakudya ndi makampani mafutawo. Ndi zomera monga ndimu mankhwala, timbewu tonunkhira, lavender, oregano, Basil, thyme ndi mbewu zina zambiri. Ena oimira Labiatae muli colorants.

zinthu zosiyanasiyana kudziŵitsa owerenga za chiwerengero osiyana mitundu ya banja. Nenani chiwerengero ife sititero, tiona yekha kuti mitundu ya zomera ndi kwenikweni kwambiri. Koma onse kusiyana ndi mphamvu chidwi ndi luso lalikulu atengere akufuna, zinthu zambiri nkhanza kwambiri. N'chifukwa chake amafalitsidwa mu M'madera a zitunda kotentha ndi otentha, T. E. M'madera kumalo ozizira ndi zikhalidwe zosiyana nyengo.

Lamiaceae banja: makhalidwe ambiri

mamembala ambiri m'banja la - busa chimodzi, ziwiri, kapena osatha, kawirikawiri zitsamba ndi boma zitsamba. Treelike chomwecho mawonekedwe (mitengo kapena mpesa) n'zochepa kwambiri, iwo ali ochepa kwambiri.

Banja yasnotkovyh chimasiyanitsa zimayambira mawonekedwe - anasonyeza tetrahedral. Good chogwirika mbali zina mitundu - pang'ono adzakhale otukukira kunja, kapena mosinthanitsa, concave. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zimayambira zosiyana: chilili kapena Kudzilambatitsa, koma iwo ali mwangwiro angathe kutenga mizu pa mfundo za.

Muzu waukulu zambiri timavutika chikhalidwe cha moyo akufa, m'malo mwa Akumakambirananso. Akuluakulu yasnotkovyh mawonekedwe rhizomes, pamene ena - suckers.

Masamba lonse kapena kuligaŵa ena mitundu - makamaka pubescent. Stipules kwina. Iwo ili mphukira awiriawiri, moyang'anana, gulu lirilonse la masamba ili crosswise ndi kulemekeza awiriawiri yapita ndipo wotsatira. Lamiaceae banja la wolemekezeka ndi chakuti ambiri mwa nthumwi zake mu masamba muli mafuta n'kofunika. N'chifukwa chake masamba Labiatae ndi kukoma yowala.

maluwa

Primordial dzina Labiatae anali analandira chifukwa chofanana ndi duwa akanaona pakhosi, milomo anapangidwa ndi awiri - pamwamba ndi pansi. Mu mitundu ina, iwo anawagawa lobes angapo. maluwa ang'ono, zisanu ziwalo, bisexual, kawirikawiri pamodzi ndi maluwa bisexual zimapezeka akazi okhaokha komanso yosowa kwambiri - wina kwa amuna. mtundu zawo zosiyanasiyana: pinki, wofiirira, Lilac, chikasu, choyera kapena pestrookrashennye. Iwo anapanga mu axils tsamba, labwinobwino kapena chapamwamba, kusinthidwa kapena kugula mawonekedwe bracts. Iwo anabwera limodzi, awiri kapena anasonkhana inflorescences ochepa pa mapesi yochepa. Mugulu la ojambula inflorescence maluwa ndi wotsatira atamukoka achilendo onyenga maluwa mphete. Pamene wabwino moyandikana mphete mu gawo apical a mphukira anapanga wokongola onyenga kukwera, burashi kapena whisk. masamba Upper kuthawa pang'onopang'ono yafupika kukula ndipo amaganiza mawonekedwe a bracts. Chitsanzo spikes onyenga zingaoneke mu nettle, timbewu tonunkhira, catnip, mankhwala, etc ..

Kapangidwe ka duwa

calyx zambiri pyatizubaya, belu woboola pakati, gamophyllous otsala ndi kucha zipatso. Ndi chipatso akuti kucha ikamauma ndi mano kukhala spiky. Nthawi zina, malingana ndi mitundu, chikho bilabiate. Corolla - chubu kutha mu yofanana osiyana. Kuchuluka kwa mitundu zinagwira zosiyanasiyana za corolla lapansi. Mwachitsanzo:

• Ndi nthambi bilabiate. Mlomo chapamwamba aumbike ndi 2 pamakhala zinaphatikizidwa, ndi pansi - ndi 3. The gawo pakati pa mlomo wa mmunsi zambiri dvunadrezana. beaters lotere lochokera nettle, tchire, galeopsis.

• Odnoguby nepolnoguby kapena Mwachitsanzo, mu Dubnica.

• cropping (mu timbewu).

Kuchuluka kwa stamens - 4, iwo amagwira kwa corolla chubu, 2 iwo, kawirikawiri yaitali kuposa ena awiri. Iwo akhoza kutha pansi mlomo chapamwamba, kapena concave kunja poyera pamene kudula kapena corolla nepolnoguby. Mu mitundu ina, 2 okha stamens. Mitundu ina ya munsi yochepa zokuzira akutulukira pakati lobes 4- kapena 5-lobed n'kuwasanganiza. Pakuti kubereketsa zomera banja Lamiaceae amagwiritsa ndime woimira kugawanika pakati spout. Chimakopa tizilombo, koma chindiletsa kudziletsa kubereketsa zomera. Ananena mwini ngati chipangizo ndi tchire. zipatso kucha momasuka igwera mu mtedza 4-seeded.

Anapeza kuti Lamiaceae ndi felemu chimanga chosakhwima ndi stamens otchuka amafalitsidwa makamaka kum'mawa kwa Ulaya, ku Asia, kumpoto kwa Africa ndi ku America. Mwina izi ndi kugawa yomweyo tizilombo mungu. Izi ndi khalidwe ambiri a banja Lamiaceae, ikhala yokhayo yodziwira mbali ya mapangidwe chipatso cha zomera.

zipatso

Zipatso, otchedwa cenobia kumizidwa mu chikho, fractional, nthawi zambiri imakhala ya zipinda zinayi, mbali ndi mbewu uniformly anayamba oreshkoobraznymi. Ngati nkotheka maldevelopment chiwerengero cha zipinda zochepa - 1 kapena 3. Choncho, mmene fractional yasnotkovyh zipatso, iwo sangakhoze ndi tanthauzo kukhala zipatso mabokosi kapena zipatso.

Banja Lamiaceae: oimira

The kuwolowa manja kwa chilengedwe, anaonetsetsa zosiyanasiyana genera ndi mitundu, ndi ogwirizana m'banja ndi zodabwitsa. Kwa iye tikuchipeza chakuti zomera ndi odziwika padziko lonse. Nawu mndandanda tsankho la genera amapanga banja la Lamiaceae:

• agastash (Mexico hisope);

• zmeegolovnika;

• galeopsis;

• akufa nettle;

• Lavender;

• motherwort;

• Melissa;

• timbewu;

• Basil;

• oregano;

• zamwano.

pomaliza

Onsewa, komanso sanatchulidwe buku wa oimira genera yosiyanasiyana ya banja - zokongola zomera kuti atumikire anthu kwa zaka zambiri. Osadandaula kuti ena a iwo kale kuŵetedwa ndi kubweretsa madalitso ambiri, kupereka osowa mafuta zofunikira ndipo utoto, pamene ena zili yekha kuthengo, zokongoletsa kukongola understated nayonso meadows ndi otsetsereka lamapiri.