Kwambiri wapadera mtundu chithandizo

MFN udindo - mawu amene mu mgwirizano wa mayiko a zachuma Mzimuyo udindo wa dziko, amene amakonda yafupika tariffs ndi kuchepetsa zopinga malonda. Iye anali kupereka awiri (kapena zambiri) mayiko amene ali mapangano malonda.

Choncho, anthu onse WTO apatsidwa udindo. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti kukhala ndi ubwino malonda. Ichi ndi chofunika kwambiri kwa mayiko ang'onoang'ono nawo mapangano malonda, chifukwa amapereka ufulu kuchepetsa phindu la wolowa kuwapanga mpikisano. dziko limene analandira udindo MFN, sakhoza ankamuona ngati zochepa wapatali kuposa wina aliyense anayamba (ndi udindo) lomwe lili ndi chuma zingamuthandize. Choncho, MFN kuchuluka wolowa ndi vuto la zachuma a boma. Kuchotserapo kuwerengera mankhwala mokondera a m'mayiko osauka, dera ufulu m'madera malonda ndi mabungwe miyambo.

The sangathe wa MFN ndi mayiko ena sangathe kuteteza mafakitale awo kuchokera katundu mtengo opangidwa ndi amuna achilendo. Ndipo vuto makamaka zosangalatsa. Mwachitsanzo, pamene ena boma lili ndi katundu chakudya wotchipa ku msika US, ndi zoona, kutaya ulimi wake chifukwa alimi a m'dera saposa chakudya kuwathandiza mu United States ndi EU. Akakamizidwa kusamukira m'mizinda kufufuza ntchito. Komabe, amalonda kuonjezera mitengo, ndipo zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti zachiwawa chakudya.

Mulimonsemo, chithandizo dziko ndipo ambiri mtundu woyanjidwa ndi chithandizo ndi mfundo yaikulu ya ufulu WTO malonda. Woyamba akunena chakuti makampani zakunja anzanga mayiko malonda ndi malo ofanana ndi anthu am'deralo lapansi.

Mayendedwe a mbiriyakale ya mizu angapezeke kale m'zaka khumi. Koma maonekedwe, izo zinayamba kutuluka m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu. Mu zaka zoyambilira za chitukuko cha malonda , icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa maiko awiri. M'chaka cha 1794, ku United States, "Jay Pangano" anapereka udindo malonda a UK.

Mu 19 mochedwa - m'ma 20 mogwirizana ndi vuto amphamvu Western Ufumu ŵakwenera chithandizo anali ndi akapolo pafupifupi yokakamiza ku Asia, zinaoneka ngati chida mfundo zolusa. Chitsanzo chimodzi chapadera cha Mchitidwe umenewu wosiyana umalimbana kulanda chuma cha limati ofooka, ndi Pangano la Nanking (1842) pakati pa Qing Ufumu (China) ndi United Kingdom, anamaliza pambuyo Choyamba Opium nkhondo, imene Britain muli Hong Kong Island.

Mu Korea mbiri buku limanena kuti pangano malonda ndi United States mu 1882 - ndi wosiyana anagwirizana analola US kupeza mwayi mokondera ya Mafumu Joseon. Komabe, anthu ambiri amaona kwambiri woyanjidwa mmene nyengo mayiko ndi chuma underdeveloped, kupereka mwayi kuteteza ufulu wawo. Zikuoneka kuti iwo akulondola. Monga amadziwika, mayiko m'mbuyomu ngati mukufuna sichidzawalaka kuwononga kwathunthu chuma cha mayiko ofooka, kaya ndi udindo kapena ayi.

Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, mapangano malonda anali anasaina imodzi pakati pa mayiko ambiri kudzera sikapangano General pa tariffs ndi Trade, zimene zinachititsa kuti potsiriza pake 1994 WTO.

sikapangano WTO - ndi zovuta, anatsimikizira mwa zikalata zaboma likufotokoza osiyanasiyana ntchito. Zokhudza ulimi, makampani nsalu, zakubanki kutumiza zogula anthu, mfundo mafakitale, chitetezo mankhwala, ukhondo chakudya, nzeru katundu , ndi zambiri. Mfundo yaikulu ndiyakuti kuti WTO amafuna kuti ophunzira anapereka mzake ŵakwenera chithandizo. Akatswiri Trade ndikukhulupirira kuti ambiri a zinthu MFN adzalandira ubwino waukulu, ndipo amamuchititsa tizikhala malonda mopanda tsankho ndi malonda ufulu wonse.