Kuyatsa nyali: mitundu, maonekedwe, cholinga

Moyo wa munthu masiku ano zodabwitsa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi. Pakali pano, zambiri za magwero kuwala - mphamvu. 15% kuchuluka okwana magetsi kwaiye chimadyedwa kuyatsa mindandanda yamasewera. Kuchepetsa mowa mphamvu kuonjezera linanena bungwe kuwala ndi zokulitsa moyo wa kuwala gwero, m'pofunika ntchito magwero kwambiri ndalama za kuwala, pang'onopang'ono kusiya akulu ndi Anzawo poponya mphamvu kwambiri.

nyali kuyatsa

Taonani gulu wamba. Pamaziko a mfundo za magetsi magetsi mawu a akuyatsa mitundu zotsatirazi mababu kuwala: nyali incandescent, kuphatikizapo nyali halogen ndi nyali kumaliseche komanso anatsogozedwa, omwe m'zaka zingapo zapitazi yawo ayamba otchuka.

Dziwani kuti mababu ndi osiyana mu mawonekedwe, kukula, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kudyedwa ndi kutentha kutengerapo-wa-moyo phindu. Choncho lingalirani nyali, magetsi kuyatsa mwatsatanetsatane ndi kudziwa ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mtundu uliwonse.

mitundu ya nyali

Ndani wa nyale ndi wotchipa ndi zovuta zotani? Izi zonse bwino incandescent kuyatsa - msirikali wakale mu zipangizo zambiri zapakhomo. Low mtengo ndi chomasuka ntchito kupanga iwo wotchuka kwa zaka zambiri. Iwo sali owopa kusintha kutentha, iwo nthawi yomweyo kuyatsa ndipo mulibe woopsawo nthunzi ya mankhwala enaake. Ndisonyezeni osiyanasiyana nyali mphamvu ya Watts 25 150. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa maola ntchito mu nyali amenewa ndi otsika, 1000 yekha ndi mowa mphamvu ndi apamwamba kuposa Akhristu mphamvu imayenera. M'kupita kwa nthawi, chifukwa cha ntchito ya nthunzi nyale mandala amakhala mitambo ndi kutaya kuwala. Chifukwa sali ndakuwonetserani, ndipo m'kupita ndisiye. Mwachitsanzo, m'mayiko ambiri European kupangidwa ndi kugulitsa anasiya ndi ndikoletsedwa ndi lamulo.

nyali imaonetsa

Akhala ntchito ndi imaonetsa babu. Ali ngati mababu incandescent, kusiyana kokha - ndi siliva pamwamba. Ntchito kulenga kuwala mbali pa mfundo zina Mwachitsanzo, mu zenera kapena chikwangwani. Mark iwo R50, R63, ndi R80, kumene chiwerengero chikusonyeza awiri a. Iwo yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, malinga ndi zitsulo yamazinga wa E14 kapena E27 masaizi osiyanasiyana.

nyali fulorosenti

Monga amadziwika, kuunikira ayenera pafupifupi 15% ya magetsi onse kwaiye. Gwirizanani, ndi zambiri. Kuchepetsa chithunzi ichi kukhala kosangalatsa kwa mafuta-imayenera magwero kuwala. M'malamulo panopa, mu 2014 mphamvu ya mababu kuwala sayenera upambana 25 Watts. M'malo mwa mwachizolowezi incandescent nyali mphamvu zopulumutsa fulorosenti anabwera kulakalaka kasanu wochepa mphamvu pamene kuyatsa mlingo akanali yemweyo. Kodi n'chiyani? Izi babu galasi ndi woyera, TACHIMATA mkati ndi phosphor ndipo ali ndi mpweya inert ndi pang'ono Mercury nthuzi. mwansanga pakati pa ma elekitironi ndi Mercury nthuzi amapereka ultraviolet poizoniyu, ndipo nawonso, chifukwa phosphor ali n'kukhala kuwala, limene ife anazolowera kuona. The moyo utumiki wa nyali izi - pafupifupi chaka, kapena maola 10,000 opareshoni mosalekeza. Koma kuyatsa nyali za mtundu uwu ndi drawback: zili Mercury. Choncho, iwo amafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mosamala kwambiri ndiponso kutaya zinthu zapadera. Iwo sangakhoze kusiya kapena basi kuponya mu zinyalala za - chifukwa, monga inu mukudziwa, Mercury nthuzi, ngakhale zedi ang'ono ndi choopsa kwambiri. Komanso, kulowa mlengalenga, iwo alibe kupasuka, ndi kukhala chochita chiphe zonse. Choncho, kuchuluka kwa Mercury nthuzi kwa nyali wosweka za 50 mg ^{mpaka 3,} ndi mlingo yovomerezedwa ndende mpweya wa 0.01 mg / mamita ^3.

sangathe wina wa nyali ngati: mtundu wa ena a iwo zosasangalatsa m'maso, akuyatsa iwo ndithu aukali. Pali njira yothetsera: posankha nyali kuganizira mtundu kutentha. Iwo amayezedwa Kelvin (K). Choncho, zofewa kwambiri, mthunzi ofunda kupereka nyale amalembedwa 2700K - 3000K, fanizo ili ndi mulingo woyenera kwambiri kwa diso la munthu pamene ntchito m'nyumba monga pafupi kwambiri kwa dzuwa achilengedwe.

Ntchito nyali fulorosenti

Mwa kuchuluka yaikulu magetsi pali iwo amene chachikulu ntchito - kuthamanga mosalekeza kwa maola ambiri. Iwo ntchito zipinda za mtundu winawake: zipatala, amagulako, malo, maofesi. Akukhulupirira kuti ambiri mwa kuwala pafupi zachilengedwe, choncho dzina: fulorosenti kuyatsa.

Nyali opangidwa mu mawonekedwe a elongated galasi chubu ndi maelekitirodi kukhudzana pa konsekonse. Iwo akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba. Iwo ntchito monga ndiwo kuwala pa denga kapena wokwera pa khoma zapadera. yabwino Mwachitsanzo, ku khitchini, padziko ntchito pamene muyenera ka kuyatsa kapena kuunikira monga kukongoletsa mu niches, pansi maalumali ndi zithunzi, chifukwa m'chere zokhala m'malo owetera kuunikira, magetsi zomera m'nyumba pa nyengo yozizira. iwo ntchito pa Intaneti lililonse ndipo amafuna palibe mphamvu zapadera converters. nyali amenewa amaonedwa kukhala mphamvu imayenera, poyerekeza nyali incandescent, zitsanzo zaka pafupifupi magetsi, zimawononga maulendo 10 wochepa mphamvu, ndi masuku pamutu nthawi yawo ndi okwana 10,000 maola ntchito mosalekeza. Koma pali chenjezo: Kuphunzira ichi kawirikawiri ntchito m'nyumba pa kutentha madigiri 15-25. Pa kutentha m'munsi, amangoika sizigwira ntchito. Kuwonjezera woyera ndi wachikasu, nyali awa akhoza zimatulutsa mitundu ina: buluu, wofiira, wobiriwira, buluu, ultraviolet. Kusankha mtundu zimadalira cholinga ndi ntchito.

nyali halogen

Chibwenzi, osati ntchito mtundu umodzi wa mababu kulakalaka kawiri zochepa mphamvu kuposa akapolo anzawo akale. nyali awa a kalasi magetsi. Izi mababu halogen kuwala ankagwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Ndi miyeso yake yaying'ono abwino ntchito zipangizo kuyatsa monga nyali pansi, nyali khoma, nyali denga ndi kuwira zachilendo, chifukwa kukongoletsa anamanga-mu kuwala. Kwa kudzaza ngati nyali babu, ndi mipweya wapadera kwa bromine kapena ayodini nthunzi. Pamene olumikizidwa kwa filament maukonde (tungsten mwauzimu) ndi mkangano ndi kupereka luminescence. Mosiyana ndi mababu ochiritsira magetsi, apa tungsten pamene mkangano Kodi kukhazikika pa makoma a botololo ndi molumikizana ndi mpweya amapereka luminescence kukuwalira yaitali, maola 4000. nyali amenewa zimatulutsa kuwala ultraviolet, lomwe ndi zoipa kwa diso. Choncho apamwamba mababu ndi wapadera ❖ kuyanika zozitetezera. Iwo ali tcheru kwambiri Voteji madontho mofulumira kwambiri angalephere.

Mphamvu yopulumutsa nyali

Mosalekeza ndi mphamvu imayenera kuwala gwero lero ndi iwo amene anali kugwira ntchito kangapo wochepa mphamvu, ngakhale kuchepetsa mphamvu kwaiye otaya lapansi. Monga nyali mphamvu yopulumutsa anapangidwa kwa zogona ndi ofesi danga. Iwo mosalekeza ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyatsa zipangizo za mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Zochita za mtundu wa mababu kuwala: magetsi ndi kangapo wotsika kuposa mababu incandescent, lomaliza maulendo 10 yaitali, osati kutentha, palibe kukulowa, palibe kulira, mphamvu zokwanira ndi lilibe zigawo woopsawo.

Mwa zolakwa akhoza kuwasiyanitsa: Kutentha pang'onopang'ono (kwa mphindi 2), ntchito pa kutentha si poyerekeza 15 madigiri. Iwo sangakhoze ntchito kunja luminaires lotseguka.

Ubwino waukulu LEDs

Koma mmodzi wa yopindulitsa kwambiri mwa mawu a mphamvu zopulumutsa anatsogolera anaona kapena LED-nyale. Mu English inatsogolera - kuwala emittingdiode -. «Kuwala emitting diode" The linanena bungwe kuwala kwa nyali izi 60-100 lm / W, ndi utali wamoyo avareji 30 000-50 000 maola. Mu ichi nyali ano kuyatsa kwa mtundu uwu si mkangano ndipo amakhala otetezeka ntchito kwathunthu. Chabwino, ngati mmodzi wa mababu a osapsa, izo sikungawononge ntchito limagwirira lonse, udzapitirizabe ntchito.
Mtundu kutentha simukhala zosiyanasiyana - kuchokera zachikasu zofewa kwa kuziziritsa woyera. Kusankha mtundu zimadalira kugwiritsa ntchito malo ndi zokonda wa mwini. Mwachitsanzo, ofesi bwino kusankha woyera yowala ndi chizindikiro cha 6400K, abwino achilengedwe kuwala, si monga aukali, 4200K kwa chipinda mwanayo, komanso chifukwa chogona - pang'ono chikasu kulocha, 2700K.

Ndipo kuphatikiza wina: iwo alibe mwayi waukulu nyali fulorosenti: ndi mphekesera ndi kukulowa, ndi maso ndi kuunika zabwino kwambiri. zotani pa ochiritsira 220 W ndi zokuzira ndi muyezo zitsulo E27 ndi E14.

Ntchito LEDs panyumba

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ngakhale zaka khumi zapitazo kunalibeko chinthu monga anatsogolera nyali panyumba. Kodi kusankha ndi kukhazikitsa iwo, ndinatha kudziwa koma umakaniko - chifukwa ntchito makamaka pa galasi lakutsogolo kwa galimoto ndi kuwala. Lero, masuku pamutu kunyumba kwawo wakhala bwino kuti tilibe n'komwe kusankha pakati LED-nyale ndi nyale akale wamasiku, kotero kusankha ndi zoonekeratu, osati mokomera otsiriza. Yapadera: anatsogolera nyali apano - zonse, choncho ndalama Kutentha ndi kochepa. Motero, kodi si kutenthetsa ndi monga nyali masana, angathe kutumikira kwa zaka zambiri. Ngakhale ngakhale mtengo awo okwezeka, iwo zingatipindulitse ntchito. Ndi wonyeketsa wochepa mphamvu, nyali amenewa kungathandize kuchepetsa malipiro apamwezi a magetsi. Mwa njira, kusankha LED mababu kuwala kwawo, ayenera kuganizira kusiyana mphamvu. Pali wina chinsinsi. Muyenera kudziwa mphamvu yochuluka akuyatsa nyale, cholinga ambiri, muchigawane mwa 8. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kusintha nyale ochiritsira 100 Watts, ndiye 100: 8 = 12.5. Choncho muyenera LED nyali mphamvu ya Watts 12.

chigawo china n'kofunika - ngati kuwala mindandanda yamasewera ndi kutentha osiyana. Kuyambira chithunzi ichi zimadalira m'mene omasuka kuyatsa adzakupatsani zinachititsa kuyatsa nyali mu chipinda. Wa mithunzi alipo kuwala woyera ndi hue mulingo woyenera mu osiyanasiyana 2600-3200 K ndipo 3700-4200 K. Kuwala uku ndi yofewa, pafupi kwambiri kwa dzuwa zachilengedwe ndi mmaso. Kusonyeza 6000 amapereka ozizira kwambiri woyera hue, ndipo pasanathe 2600 K - ogwetsa chikasu. Izi mithunzi ndi zoipa kwa diso, munthu amatopa msanga, mungachite mutu ndi masomphenya mkhutu. Choncho ndikofunika kugula okha apamwamba LED nyali panyumba. Kodi kusankha, uzani mlangizi pa sitolo, komanso kupereka zikalata zonse zofunikira khalidwe.

Ngati kapena ayi, ndipo nyali LED n'kopindulitsa mu njira zambiri.

- Iwo amadya kangapo zochepa magetsi.

- Mu ntchito, si mkangano, kulola ntchito ndi zipangizo flammable, mwachitsanzo, mu eaves ndi, inaimitsidwa denga. A ambiri mababu awa sakhala overheat mpweya mu chipinda.

- mababu izi kupsereza, ndipo kenako okha kutaya kuwala pafupifupi 30%.

- moyo Long utumiki kwa zaka 15.

Pofuna kukhala ndi chithunzithunzi cha mmene mitundu ya mababu ndi kudziwa makhalidwe waukulu awo, ubwino ndi kuipa, mukhoza bwinobwino kupita ku sitolo yapafupi. Koma pali mfundo ina yofunika, popanda zomwe ngakhale osavuta m'malo a babu kadzakulakani. Ndipotu, kukatenga nyali chipangizo kuyatsa, muyenera kudziwa chimene mtundu wa zitsulo zake. Kudzera nyali kapu ndi yomatidwa katiriji ndi kuti zimatengera magetsi mu nyale.

Kunyamula zitsulo zolondola

Kupanga kapu ya ntchito chitsulo kapena ziwiya zadothi. A anayikidwa mkati kulankhula kuti zimafalitsa magetsi nyengo ntchito chipangizo. Lililonse limakhala kuyatsa yatenganso makatiriji chimodzi kapena zingapo nyale ogwiritsa. Nkofunika kuti anapeza kapu nyale katiriji machesi. Apo ayi izo sizigwira ntchito.

Ngakhale zosiyanasiyana mitundu ya zisoti mababu moyo wawo zambiri ntchito mitundu iwiri: yamazinga ndi pini.

Yamazinga zitsulo umatchedwanso wononga. Title molondola transmits kugwirizana njira zake kwa katiriji chipangizo kuyatsa. Iwo tili m'mavuto mu mababu kuwala, ulusi amenewa kumakhala pamwamba pake. Ntchito chodetsa kalata E. Mtundu ntchito mitundu yambiri ya nyali mu zipangizo banja. zisoti amenewa amasiyana kukula. Choncho, chodetsa chipewa, pambuyo kalata Latin E limasonyeza Mlengi chofunika awiri a kugwirizana yamazinga. Tsiku ndi tsiku ntchito zamitundu iwiri mwake kawirikawiri - E14 ndi E27. Koma palinso wamphamvu kwambiri kuwala mababu, mwachitsanzo, kuunikira msewu. Iwo ntchito zitsulo E40. Kukula kwa kugwirizana kwa yamazinga sichinasinthe kwa zaka zambiri. Ngakhale tsopano, inu mosavuta m'malo ochiritsira getsi kutenthedwa mu chandelier wakale kwambiri ndalama, kuwala emitting diode. Miyeso ya kapu ndi katiriji iwo zikugwirizana ndendende. Koma mu United States ndi Canada anatengera magawo ena. Popeza voteji ndi 110V pa iwo, pofuna kupewa ntchito European-kalembedwe nyali awiri a kapu ndi osiyana: E12, E17, E26 ndi E39.

mtundu wina wa zisoti ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, pini izi. chofukizira izo chili ndi zikhomo ziwiri zitsulo. Iwo akutumikira monga kulankhula kuti zimafalitsa magetsi kwa babu kuwala. Zikhomo ndi osiyana awiri ndi mtunda wa pakati pawo. Pakuti chodetsa ntchito Latin kalata G, kenako digito signage ndi kusiyana chokanikiza. Izi zitsulo G4, ndi G9 ndi G13.

Tsopano mukhoza bwinobwino zimene zingafunike kukonza. Ndipo mulole redevelopment kapena yomanga mpanda akhoza akuchita kwa akatswiri, koma kusankha ndi m'malo a mababu kuwala ndingathe kupirira nokha bwino.