Kuphatikiza bwino za mitundu. Mtundu gudumu. mtundu phale

Mlengi mu m'badwo digito, ndithudi, safuna kuti okha mitundu kuti akhoza kuwapeza utoto, inks kapena inki, ngakhale kufupi ndi chiwembu mtundu mu ntchito za luso chabwino, kwambiri ungaphunziridwe. Diso la munthu amatha kusiyanitsa mamiliyoni mithunzi osiyana, koma nthawi zina ngakhale osakaniza mitundu iwiri kungakhale kovuta.

katundu Amazing mtundu

Ichi ndi chifukwa kusankha mitundu ndi mapangidwe ake kwambiri zotengera malingaliridwe ndipo amafuna ena kudziwa. Choncho kodi okonza ofuna kulenga wokongola mtundu phale, kuti tizisankha kasitomala osangalala? Kaya mukufuna kapena ayi, koma kuphatikiza bwino za mitundu kupitirira zokonda basi, chifukwa iwo ali ndi luso lodabwitsa kuti bwanji maganizo, kutengeka ndi maganizo, kupeza phindu chikhalidwe komanso ndi kukopa tcheru - onse chikumbumtima ndi Subconsciously.

Ntchito okonza komanso kulima ndi kugwirizanitsa ntchito zovuta za mithunzi kulenga wokongola komanso zochititsa chidwi mitundu mitundu phale. Apa ndi zothandiza kudziwa chiphunzitso mtundu. Zikhoza kukuthandizani kumvetsa zimene mitundu bwino pamodzi (kapena ayi), ndipo zotsatira zimene adzalenga osakaniza osiyanasiyana mkati ndi kapangidwe anapatsidwa.

Mtundu gudumu: mtundu kuphatikiza

Pa sukulu maphunziro zojambula ana kulandira nkhaniyi, kotero aliyense Mwina mukudziwa mtundu wake anavula-pansi: wofiira, wachikasu ndi buluu mitundu yaikulu. Miyambo mtundu gudumu tichipeza mitundu 12 ndipo kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ojambula zithunzi. Izi ndi zithunzi njira yosavuta kumvetsa ubale wa mitundu.

Ntchito yaikulu anachita ndi mtundu gudumu, - osakaniza mitundu. Kusakaniza maziko kapena chachikulu mitundu (chikasu, ofiira ndi buluu) ndipamene sekondale: zobiriwira, wofiirira, lalanje. Kuphatikiza mawu lofunika imapereka mlingo lachitatu osiyanasiyana - ukachenjede mitundu. Zikuphatikizapo red-lalanje, lalanje-chikasu, lachikasu wobiriwira, zobiriwira buluu, buluu wofiirira, wofiirira-ofiira. mitundu pulayimale ndi sekondale ndi mbali ya sipekitiramu zooneka, kapena utawaleza. kuti awo ndi zosavuta kukumbukira ntchito mnemonic akuti "Aliyense mlenje amafuna kudziwa kumene akukhala fizanti": ofiira, achikasu, zobiriwira, buluu, enaake ndi violet.

Zimene kumvetsa kudziwika monga subtractive chitsanzo mtundu, chomwe mu kuyanjana ndi inki, monga utoto kapena inki ndi ntchito monga ochiritsira mtundu gudumu, ndi dongosolo CMYK ntchito makina osindikizira. Kumasiyana ndi chitsanzo zowonjezera, chomwe mu kuyanjana ndi mafurikwense osiyana kuwala (monga kompyuta kapena TV chophimba), chomwe ndi zosiyana mitundu zikuluzikulu: wofiira, wobiriwira, buluu (RGB).

Akonzi chithunzi ntchito Baibulo zosiyanasiyana za mtundu gudumu. mthunzi uliwonse akhoza anasankha ntchito hexadecimal malamulo ake.

terminology

ayenera kuphunzira terminology kuti adzakuthandizani kumvetsa losiyanasiyana mithunzi pamaso kukafola palettes:

• hue - n'chimodzimodzi ndi mitundu ndi kale amatanthauza munthu wa mitundu 12;
• Kuwala: mlingo wa remoteness ku hue a mtundu wakuda;
• lightness: mitundu moyandikana zoyera;
• machulukitsidwe - mwamphamvu kapena chiyero cha mtundu (hue kuyandikira pafupi ndi imvi, chindichepere izo ladzala).

Kuphatikiza bwino za mitundu

Wa mtundu gudumu, mukhoza kusankha angapo phale tingachipeze powerenga ntchito za akatswiri kwa zaka zambiri. Chifukwa chopanga kwambiri madera awa ayenera olekanitsidwa limodzi lalikulu mtundu - chiwerengero cha ntchito yake kapena kupatukana kwake kwa mitundu ina - chimodzi kapena zingapo kutsimikizira:

1. Monochrome chiwembu: Ntchito ya kuwala osiyana, lightness kapena machulukitsidwe wa malankhulidwe wina mtundu kuyambira kuwala mdima. Chitsanzo cha kuphatikiza bwino rekodi - wofiira wakuda ndi oyera. chiwembu Izi zimabweretsa wochenjera ndipo ndiwofatsa kamangidwe. Blue ndi woyera - kuphatikiza tingachipeze powerenga za Chinese zadothi m'ma IX. ndi French XVIII m'ma nsalu.

2. A njira imeneyi: mtundu, mbali ndi mbali pa mtundu gudumu. Ndi chilengedwe, ndipo n'zosavuta ntchito mu chitukuko cha ntchito. Chitsanzo ndi osakaniza violet kwa buluu violet.

3. The wowonjezera chiwembu ntchito malankhulidwe ili ku malekezero osiyana mtundu gudumu. Mwachitsanzo, buluu ndi lalanje, ofiira ndi obiriwira. mitundu Kugwirizana nawo mwamphamvu yapamwamba ndi mosiyana, koma amakhala ovuta kutsatira woima ndi kusamala mawonekedwe awo koyera, mwachitsanzo. K. Iwo mosavuta nalo kamangidwe.

4. kugawanika wowonjezera chiwembu: iliyonse gudumu kamvekedwe mtundu kuphatikiza mitundu iwiri pafupi womuyenerera ake. Mwachitsanzo, wachikasu ndi wobiriwira ndi wofiira wofiirira. dera uyu ali ndi amphamvu zithunzi mosiyana, ngakhale ofooka kuposa m'mbuyomu. Imakhala mtundu ma yabwino kwa atsopano kupanga, kuyambira n'zovuta mudzasokoneza.

5. triadic chiwembu: iliyonse mitundu itatu wogawana anagawira pa mtundu gudumu. Imakhala ndi ma mwachilungamo owala, ngakhale kamvekedwe ka wotumbululuka ndi unsaturated. Bwinobwino ntchito zofunika kuti tikwaniritse bwino wathunthu - mtundu wina akhale wamphamvu, ndipo awiri enawo - kumvera pa kulankhula.

6. Tetrad, kapena wapawiri wowonjezera: tichipeza awiriawiri awiri. chiwembu Izi wokongola kwambiri, koma ndi zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito kuposa peyala imodzi ya mitundu wowonjezera, mwachitsanzo. K. A ambiri malankhulidwe kovuta moyenera. Mu chiwembu izi, kusankha mtundu wina ngati wamphamvu ndi kusintha machulukitsidwe, kuwala ndi lightness wa hue ena kapena mitundu yonse kuti kupereka kuphatikiza bwino za mitundu m'madera osiyanasiyana a kamangidwe.

kudzoza

Kuwonjezera pa mtundu gudumu ma chikhalidwe amapereka zambiri okonzeka zopangidwa njira zogwirizana ziwembu mtundu.

Zosintha mtundu kuphatikiza monga kusunga kutentha awo (wotentha kapena wozizira), mwamphamvu (kuwala mitundu Opembedza amaoneka wamng'ono, pamene wotumbululuka - Mpesa), maganizo (yowala ndi wansangala, mdima ndi lalikulu), mitu (malo, nyengo, tchuthi) ndi makhalidwe ena.

China chachikulu kusaka njira ya mtundu kungakhale pempho kudzoza kwa panyengo zosiyanasiyana mbiri ndi mafunde luso: ofunda, kuwala mitundu ya Impressionists; yowala zosayembekezereka, ma postimpressionists; zofewa mitundu earthy wa Art Nouveau; yowala, molimba mithunzi ya soda luso.

The Psychology a mtundu

Mtundu paliponse. Ife tikuzindikira izo kapena ayi, koma n'chofunikira yaikulu pamoyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku. Inu mwaziwona pa msewu lero, lalanje kapena wachikasu msewu chizindikiro? Iye adayandikira chidwi cha cholinga zobisika. Mtundu ali paubwenzi chodabwitsa ndi vuto lokhala wosasangalala athu ndi malingaliro.

Koma si onse kumva mtundu womwewo. Tanthauzo ndi ophiphiritsa kuti ife imakhudzana ndi malankhulidwe osiyana, wodalira kwambiri pa chikoka cha magulu chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe chimene ife tili. Pano pali mfundo zofanana kugwirizana ndi mitundu yaikulu mu chikhalidwe kumadzulo.

wofiira

Mtundu uwu amapereka zambiri zosiyanasiyana malinga ndi nkhani yake. Kucheza ndi moto, akhoza kuimira kutentha kapena zoopsa. Monga wofiira - ndi mtundu wa magazi, amaona amphamvu, tikuyamba kamvekedwe, kotero zogwirizana zamumtima, ndi zina chiwawa.

mfundo zina m'madera ena kum'mawa, wofiira zimaimira zabwino zonse ndi chitukuko ndi mtundu ankavala mkwatibwi pa tsiku la ukwati. Padziko lonse Red amagwirizana ndi zosiyanasiyana magulu andale ndi kufanizira zisinthe.

The kutentha: zambiri amasonyeza mphamvu, chikhulupiriro ndi mphamvu ndipo ali otchuka kwambiri.

lalanje

Komanso kukhala mtundu wa moto, lalanje Chili chikondi ofiira ndi kukondwera a chikasu ndipo ukuyimira ntchito, mphamvu ndi chidaliro. Komanso, kugwirizana ndi zokolola kapena kugwa.

matanthauzo taphunzira: India duwa lomwe lili ndi kum'chitira chikasu wa lalanje, ndi yopatulika. Mu Japan, mtundu chizindikiro chikondi.

The kutentha: zambiri achinyamata ndi zilandiridwenso. Gold, amenenso mthunzi wa lalanje kapena wachikasu, limaimira mwanaalirenji ndi apamwamba.

yellow

Monga mtundu wa dzuwa, kaŵirikaŵiri limaimira chisangalalo, kukondwa, waubwenzi ndi kutsitsimuka kwa masika. Komanso m'nkhani inayake, angathe kupereka chenjezo chizindikiro kuchenjeza kapena kusamala. Ena yofanana (makamaka unsaturated ndi kum'chitira Kamaoneka) kuyang'ana opweteka kapena wosasangalala, n'zosadabwitsa T. Kwa. The mbiri chikasu nthawi zina kugwirizana ndi matenda kwaokha.

matanthauzo taphunzira: ena a kum'mawa kwa Asia zikhalidwe chikasu amagwirizana ndi kubadwa mkulu kapena kutchuka. M'madera ena a ku Africa ndi Latin America, kamvekedwe izi ndi mtundu mwambo wa maliro.

The kutentha: choyera kapena yowala chikasu anthu amakopeka, koma zikhoza nkhawa kapena ngakhale bwino amalembedwa (Mwachitsanzo, lemba woyera pa owala maziko chikasu kapena mosinthanitsa), ngati ntchito mosasamala.

wobiriwira

Ndi mtundu wa chikhalidwe, zomera ndi kukula. Iye kaŵirikaŵiri limaimira thanzi, kutsitsimuka, ndi makhalidwe achilengedwe. Mdima wobiriwira amaimira chuma ndi kukhazikika.

Njira makhalidwe mwa mbewu, Muslim, ndi wopatulika wobiriwira mtundu. Iwo unakambidwanso mogwirizana ndi Ireland, Tsiku St. Patrick ndi quatrefoil osangalala.

Mu kutentha: zopangidwa kapena mankhwala, ankayimiridwa ngati "wobiriwira" (.. Natural, wathanzi, organic, organic, etc.) zambiri ntchito zachilengedwe mitundu monga wobiriwira ndi zofiirira.

buluu

Mtundu wa nyanja ndi mlengalenga, nthawi zambiri imaimira mtendere ndi ungwiro. Mosiyana ndi mitundu mwamphamvu kwambiri ndi kutentha, buluu amaona ngati sedative a. Nthawi zina, zingakhale chisoni kapena kuvutika maganizo.

Njira matanthauzo: ku Middle East zikhalidwe ndi kale buluu amateteza ku zoyipa. Chifukwa anzanga ake ndi thambo azikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana mtundu likuimira chosafa ndi uzimu.

The kutentha: buluu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo ndi imodzi mwa mitundu wosinthasintha kwabasi. Kawirikawiri umasonyeza kudalirika, chitetezo ndi kukhazikika. Nyimboyi makamaka wotchuka pa nkhani makampani, monga amaona ngati ndi lalikulu, ndiwofatsa komanso akatswiri makhalidwe.

chibakuwa

Pachikhalidwe kugwirizana ndi otchuka, ukulu ndi ulemerero. Choncho, ali wauzimu, mwachinsinsi kapena chipembedzo osayenera.

matanthauzo taphunzira: M'maiko ambiri padziko lonse osakaniza wofiirira likuimira otchuka kapena chuma, koma Thailand ndi madera ena a ku South America, kugwirizana maliro.

The kutentha: mdima mithunzi wofiirira nthawi zambiri chizindikiro cha mwanaalirenji, pamene mbandakucha owala otchuka ndi akazi ndi ana.

wakuda

Monga wofiira, mtundu uwu ali zambiri mfundo (nthawi zina zotsutsana). Iwo amaimira mphamvu, moyo wapamwamba, kukongola ndi exclusivity. Komano, wakuda likuimira imfa, zoyipa ndi chinsinsi. Kavalidwe ndi chizindikiro cha mwambo kapena maliro ndi chisoni (monga maliro kale zakutha pamaliro).

Njira matanthauzo: m'mayiko ena mu Asia ndi Latin America, ankaona mtundu wamwamuna wakuda. Mu Egypt, ndi kubadwanso. M'madera ambiri, mtundu amagwirizana ndi zamatsenga, zikhulupiriro ndi tsoka, ndi osadziŵika kapena sakudziwika.

The kutentha: wakuda ndi choncho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, pafupifupi anayamba ndale, ngakhale kuti akhoza kuimira pamwamba, malinga ndi nkhani yake. ziwembu ambiri ali wakuda ndi woyera (mwadala kapena monga kupulumutsa mtundu yosindikiza).

woyera

Monga mtundu wa kuwala ndi chisanu, zambiri woyera ukuimira ungwiro, wosalakwa, ubwino kapena ungwiro (kale izo ndi chobvalidwa mkwatibwi), koma amatanthauzanso austerity kapena sterility.

matanthauzo taphunzira: China White - mtundu wa maliro. M'madera ambiri amaimira dziko - mbendera zoyera chizindikiro chilengedwe osayanjanitsika kapena kudzipereka.

The kutentha: White zambiri amalankhula kuphweka, ungwiro ndi modernity. Okonza kufunafuna zokongoletsa minimalist, nthawi zambiri ntchito kwambiri woyera.

mtundu kapangidwe

Sankhani mtundu kuphatikiza - ndi kuposa kusankha mithunzi awiri kapena atatu ndipo azipereke mulingo ofanana mu kamangidwe. ntchito yawo ali kwambiri ndi malire ndi zambiri mitundu inu ntchito, zimakhalanso zovuta kukwaniritsa.

Chophweka njira lingaliro ili ndiwo ndi kulekanitsa mitundu asankhidwa pa anthu ambiri ndi kumvera pa kulankhula. Nyimboyi lalikulu ndi zooneka kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kamangidwe, pamene mmodzi kapena angapo maganizo ake adzakhala yothandizana ndi bwino. Kuti Atchule mogwirizana kwa mitundu - pamaso kapena kusapezeka kwa Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, taonani momwe moyandikana mitundu, ndi maganizo analengedwa ndi mitundu mitundu ndi mithunzi, etc. - .. Ndithu kupeza phale wangwiro zolinga kamangidwe.

Ulamuliro ambiri amavomereza ntchito zofunika zitatu mtundu phale zambiri "60-30-10". Njira imeneyi kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kapangidwe mkati, komanso ungagwire ntchito ukonde kamangidwe kapena kusindikiza. Wokwanira anapatsa mtundu waukulu wa 60% ndi kumvera pa kulankhula awiri kupereka otsala 30% ndipo 10%. Chitsanzo chabwino kufotokoza lamulo limeneli, suti munthu: jekete ndi thalauza kwa 60% ya mtundu wa zovala, shati ndi 30%, ndi tayi - otsala 10%. Pamodzi, limatipatsa moyenera, kaso maonekedwe.

Njira ina kusunga kuphweka ndi muyezo kugwiritsa ntchito phale luminance ndi lightness (kapena Mabaibulo mbandakucha mdima wa kamvekedwe anasankha). Choncho n'zotheka zokulitsa osiyanasiyana mtundu popanda kuuza kapangidwe jumble.

Mtundu mu Marketing ndi chamoto

Brand kuzindikira amadalira kwambiri mtundu. Wokwanira kuganiza za "koka-Cola", "Facebook" kapena "Starbucks", ndipo adzakhala zosavuta kukumbukira kamvekedwe amene zopangidwa izi imakhudzana.

kafukufuku pa yunivesite ya Winnipeg, zasonyeza kuti maganizo choyambirira anthu za mankhwala ndi makamaka chifukwa cha mtundu (60-90% ya mphambu). Izi zikutanthauza kuti kamvekedwe mu kapangidwe - si ndi kusankha luso, komanso yofunika kusankha ntchito kuti zonse zimene - kuchokera maganizo a ogula 'a mtunduwu ndi kugulitsa katundu.

Komabe, posankha mtundu chiwembu cha chizindikiro kwenikweni si n'kudziphatika kwa miyambo, zizindikiro kapena dongosolo. Palibe foolproof kapena malamulo okhwima. Chofunika kwambiri, monga kamvekedwe ntchito ya kapangidwe ndi mogwirizana ndi msika nkhani ya mtundu ndi chikhalidwe.

RGB vs. CMYK

Pamene kukagwira ntchito kusindikizidwa kompyuta polojekiti sangathe kusonyeza mitundu monga iwo adzaoneka pa pepala. Kodi inu mukuona si chimene inu kupeza, chifukwa digito oyang'anira ndi osindikiza mabuku ntchito machitidwe awiri osiyana: RGB ndi CMYK. Woyamba zikugwirizanirana ndi madontho ka wofiira, wobiriwira ndi buluu kuwala imene kuphatikiza kupanga mtundu kuonekera pa zenera; lachiwiri tanthauzo la cyan, magenta, wachikasu ndi mitundu wakuda kulenga mtundu zipsera. Popeza RGB amagwiritsa osiyanasiyana onse kuposa CMYK, ena okonza pachiyambi analengedwa mu ntchito RGB yosindikiza kupulumutsa ambiri options mtundu ndi kusintha kapangidwe yomalizidwa kuti CMYK pamaso makina.

Pachifukwa ichi, ayenera chida amene amapereka mtundu khola pamene ntchito ndi machitidwe onse - mwachitsanzo, pamene kupanga chizindikiro kwa webusaiti ndi kusindikiza pa khadi malonda anu. kachitidwe kamodzi ngati ndi Pantone mufananize System (PMS). Iwo malankhulidwe akhoza chikufanana ndi Websites ndi kusindikiza (komanso mtundu uliwonse wa pamalo mwasindikiza), kupereka mtundu womwewo.

Mtundu: kumvetsa, kufufuza ndi kuyikonda iyo!

Okonza amakhazikika mu phunziro chiphunzitso mtundu, kuwerenga maganizo kapena neurobiology - nkhani zovuta kuti ali pa mphambano za luso ndi sayansi. Koma iyi ndi mbali ya zomwe zimapangitsa ntchito imeneyi kotero chidwi ndi amenewa chida champhamvu pa msika. Ngakhale bukuli limafotokoza yekha mbali zofunika, tikuyembekeza kuti kudzatithandiza kwambiri kudziwa ndi aluso kusankha mtundu ntchito kapena akatswiri.