Kupanga mabungwe a zachuma: chaka chimodzi. Kodi n'chiyani chinachititsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mabungwe a zachuma?

Soviet Union kuti nthawi zonse linakhalapo, lasintha ambiri muzochitika zonse. Pezani osachepera chakuti zikamera wa Soviet Union - Chifukwa cha kusintha: kuganiza worldview ya anthu, ndi ziŵalo khalidwe ndi maganizo a zinthu zawo. Kuyambira pa nthawi ya zikamera wa boma latsopano ambiri okhalamo anali osavuta wamba ndi ogwira ntchito, kusintha chachikulu moyo wonse wa maiko nkhawa ndi za chuma cha dziko.

Magawo a chilengedwe kumakonsolo zachuma siziyenda bwino nthawi zonse. Kapena zachilengedwe ndi bwino chawo kutali kukhalako. Mogwirizana ndi oyamba mobwerezabwereza thupi ili, kukonzanso ake kupitirirabe ndi chifukwa kulipira bungwe ili ndi tanthauzo nthawi yathu. Ngakhale izo zimanyezimiritsa mphamvu kachiwiri zobwerera mchitidwewu, ngakhale pansi pa dzina losiyana.

ndi mabungwe a zachuma Kodi

Ndi nsonga chuma, omwe anakhazikitsidwa kwa zopitirizira kugwira ntchito yanu. Choyamba linaonekera October 1917 ndipo ali wamng'ono kwa Council Economic Supreme pa CHP, amene nawonso, mu 1918, akulamulidwa ndi ulamuliro wa Komiti chapakati Executive wa Bungwe la Commissars Anthu a RSFSR lapansi. Ntchito yaikulu ndi makomiti zachuma bungwe anali kuonetsetsa mfundo Supreme Council Economic pansi. Matupi awa akhazikitsidwa mu zigawo, madera komanso ngakhale zigawo. Popeza kukhazikitsidwa kwa mabungwe a zachuma tichipeza ogwira ntchito osankhidwa, mamembala a chipanichi, omwe ofuna anali ovomerezeka pa misonkhano ziwalo.

Thupi waukulu kwa ntchitoyo zinali - kukhazikitsa dongosolo ndi kupereka ulamuliro pa kubwezeretsa chuma cha dziko pambuyo owonongedwa ndi kuwola. Komanso, oyang'anira kukhazikitsa ndondomeko ndi malangizo kukhala m'gulu la liwulo chofunika kuchuluka kwa zipangizo, mafuta a m'dera lililonse payekha.

ya gulu

Osachepera wagawo kuyambira pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mabungwe a zachuma anakhala chigawo, amene anali kulamulidwa ndi dera, ndi zina zotero. Monga mbali ya aliyense anali nthambi 14 ndi Maganizo a mafunso a mitundu yosiyanasiyana - kuchokera othandiza (mwachitsanzo, mchere ndi zitsulo) gulu (mwachitsanzo, nkhani banki).

Wamphamvu mabungwe ake zachuma analephera chifukwa malamulo a nationalization. Zimenezi zinatanthauza kuti makampani zambiri pa muyezo wa boma, chuma kwambiri pa kutaya ulamuliro.

Koma patapita zaka zingapo, chilengedwe cha mabungwe a zachuma anali pafupifupi tanthauzo, chifukwa cha malamulo a siyana za utsogoleli. Ichi ndi ufumu bwino, lotsogoledwa ndi Bungwe la Supreme Economic, silinalinso kutero.

Ambiri a distilikiti linathetsedwa ndi dera reorganized ndi anadzatchedwa Commissariat la Anthu.

Yoweyula yachiwiri

Pambuyo kuwonongedwa kwa nthawi yoyamba mfundo za makonsolo zachuma kukonzanso kulenga akubwera Nikite Hruschevu. Tikumbukenso kuti Mlembi General wa anthu amaona mmodzi wa okonzanso waukulu wa Soviet Union. Lingaliro la kubwezeretsa kukonza wochokera cholinga kukonza yomanga ndi kasamalidwe mabungwe makampani.

Kupanga mabungwe a zachuma kumapeto kwa 1950 anali kupereka patsogolo dongosolo kasamalidwe ndi ulamuliro wa chuma cha dziko. Ndipotu, anali watsopano boma, chifukwa limene lachititsa zikamera nkhani zingapo zofunika, akuti: udindo malamulo ndi chimango malamulo atsogoleri ndi kapangidwe ka thupi.

Kupanga mabungwe a zachuma zinachititsa kuti kufalitsa kasamalidwe zachuma pakati pa zigawo chuma, ndi zina mayiko. Nthawi zambiri, gawo la hotelo m'chigawo anali chizindikiro ndi malire a dera.

Mu yamtunduwu wa bungwe limodzi ndalama kunali makampani amene wakonza kuti kumwazikana chidwi cha thupi limodzi kwa mafakitale angapo.

kapangidwe nsonga

Mabungwe Economic anali m'makalata zinthu zachilengedwe. Kuti, yamtunduwu sitiyenera kupitirira makampani limodzi kapena kumanga, ulimi, malonda ndi zina zotero.

thupi langa silinali phunziro kwa bungwe lililonse departmental, ngakhale zimadalira amadalira Plan Boma mayiko munthu wa USSR wonse. ntchito ndalama ndi chilengedwe cha mabungwe a zachuma (chaka cha yatsoka - 1957 TH) kwathunthu amaperekedwa ndi boma. Nthawi zambiri zinthu zina mabungwe ndalama aphimbidwa pansi pa akuyendetsa gulu. Koma anaganiza pa mlingo boma.

Kuti akope anthu ogwira ntchito ku kasamalidwe makampani, anaganiza kukhazikitsa mabungwe monga thupi chenjezo. Chiyambi cha chilengedwe kumakonsolo zachuma taonera nawo yogwira antchito.

antchito Council

Zingatanthauze kuti otaya zaluso kwa ogwira ntchito wamba - ndizabwino, koma lingaliro lililonse zifukwa chofunika waukulu ndi kafukufuku. Apo ayi, anaika kukhala popanda kukhazikitsa weniweni. Ndiye anaganiza mu Council monga asayansi mu malo oyamba. Zimenezi zinachititsa chakuti zochita anatengedwa pa msonkhano, nthawi zonse kale ndi akuluakulu. Choncho, pabwino ndi olondola kwambiri.

Chifukwa cha zimenezi ena nsonga pamene makampani akhala odziwika ndi panali mtundu watsopano wa mpikisano - kumenyana ndi maganizo abwino zomveka. Malingaliro amenewo, amene analandira chiyanjo cha mabwana ake, kuyamba m'mafakitale kudutsa dziko ndi chikumbutso cha wolemba timu. Chithunzicho anapachikidwa pa mndandanda wa ulemu, ndi ntchito amakhala ngati otchuka. Ngakhale zolimbikitsa chuma imeneyi sanali ndipo sizikanatheka pa nthawi imeneyo chifukwa cha egalitarianism otchuka.

Kupha mautumiki

Kupanga mabungwe a zachuma, chaka ndi chaka kuti ali ochepa udindo wa mautumiki, ndipo ena a iwo anali msanga inathetsedwa. kasamalidwe ka chuma tsopano ikuchitika pa maziko dera lawo, zochokera - kufalitsidwa kwa malire pakati pa zigawo pamaziko a zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe. m'madera Border lifanane zambiri ndi malo kunja ndi zigawo zachuma.

The liquidation mautumiki ndi chilengedwe cha mabungwe azachuma anapereka kuwonjezeka udindo wa Republic osiyana mu chuma Union a.

Komanso, kugawa ngati mphamvu ungatithandize kuthetsa mavuto ambiri pa malopo ndipo kubweretsa utsogoleri kupanga wokha. Ngakhale kuti nthawi yachiwiri kukhazikitsidwa kwa mabungwe a zachuma ndipo anapereka zotsatira zabwino, pulogalamu wakhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali - zaka 8 zokha. Chifukwa chimodzi kulipira gulu lotero la chuma anakhala ndi yosiya wa Khrushchev m'chaka 64th. Pa nthawi yomweyo chinathetsedwa ndi kusintha zinthu zina zambiri.

sabotaging kusintha

Siyana mphamvu apeza kuti malo a dera makomiti ndi alembi mwayi anali kuchuluka kangapo. Mphamvu za membala atagwira zochepa, zambiri kuchirikiza dera. Kuwonjezera yekha, Nikita Khrushchev ali ufulu wambiri kwa makampani, kutanthauza kulimbikitsa udindo yake.

commissars ambiri poyera anatsutsa oyamba ya kusintha. Monga Kaganovich sanali afotokoze vuto, koma sanamvere malangizo poyera.

Ichi ndi chifukwa mfundo zambiri. Woyamba ndi kuwonongedwa kwa mautumiki mzere ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mabungwe a zachuma ikanataya maudindo ambiri a kanjedza zandale. Chachiwiri, commissars anthu ndi utsogoleri mbali ina adafuna kulamulira mlembi wamkulu ndipo mwinamwake kusintha izo. Yemweyo Nikita Sergeyevich nthawi yaitali kuti zocheza, koma mwina khoti jester.

Wopambana oyamba: Zoyambitsa

Ngakhale Pulogalamuyi inayamba. Ndipo ntchito mwake anaonetsetsa mwa dongosolo la zilango ndi mphoto. Mwachidule, kukhazikitsidwa kwa mabungwe a zachuma anapanga sitepe yoyamba ndi ulemu kukhazikika chilungamo. Pa aliyense kampani anapatsidwa dongosolo okwanira ndi chofunika mlingo wa ulimi. Ngati chofunika osachepera sanapangidwe, ndiye ife kukhwimitsa kwambiri - kuchotsedwa. Dziwani kuti njira zimenezi si nthawi zonse kukhala cholinga.

Ngati kulephera kwa dongosolo bwanji chifukwa chabwino, ndiye iye anavutika ndi wotsutsa.

Kuletsa mabungwe a zachuma

Chifukwa chachikulu kuwonongedwa kwa thupi lili mu ntchito zopanda nzeru chuma. M'madera ena ayesetsa gwetsa likulu monga mmene ndalama zotheka, kugonjera ntchito kulongosola pa mfundo za mavuto omwe si sakupezeka.

Chifukwa china - dera kugawikana mfundo ya zachuma. Ichi ndi malo a osiyana magetsi: mankhwala munthu ali mu mbale osiyana. Koma iwo ayenera kusakaniza saladi. Ndipo makampani a nthawi: akuchedwa chuma chifukwa cha zolakwa dera makonzedwe zinachititsa kuti kuyimitsidwa a ntchito zina. Chitsanzo: ndi Zomwe zinachitika pa kanema "Mfumukazi siteshoni petulo", pamene ntchito yomanga mlatho sakanakhoza kusonkhanitsa popanga zipangizo.