Kugunda: khalidwe zimachitika, zimachitika tebulo pafupi zaka

Pa chidule cha mtima mu dongosolo mtima ndi kukankhira kunja gawo lina la magazi. kugunda zake khoma mtsempha wamagazi amalenga Phokoso limene kufalitsa kudzera ziwiya, kuti periphery pang'onopang'ono zokha. Iwo anatchedwa zimachitika munthu.

Kodi zimachitika?

Anthu, pali mitundu itatu Mitsempha: mitsempha, mitsempha ndi capillaries. Kumasulidwa kwa magazi kuchokera mu mtima mwa njira ina amakhudza aliyense wa iwo, kuwalamulira oscillate khoma. Kumene, monga mtsempha wamagazi pafupi ndi ziwiya mtima ili zambiri pansi pa chikoka cha linanena bungwe mtima. Kusinthasintha mu nyumba yawo bwino anatsimikiza mtima palpation, ndi zotengera lalikulu ngakhale kuoneka apoyera. N'chifukwa chake wolumikizira zimachitika ndi lofunika kwambiri kwa matenda.

Capillaries - ziwiya magazi laling'ono mu thupi, koma ngakhale akukumana mtima. Makoma awo kunjenjemera nthawi ndi kugunda kwa mtima, koma mlingo wa zingadziŵike okha mothandizidwa ndi zipangizo zapadera. Chochititsa chidwi kwa maliseche diso capillary zimachitika - chizindikiro cha kudwala.

Mtsempha kuchotsedwa mtima kuti malinga awo sanalembedwe ndinazembera. Otchedwa venous zimachitika - ndi Phokoso kutengerapo ndi mitsempha kwambiri spaced lalikulu.

N'chifukwa chiyani kudziwa zimachitika?

ndi tanthauzo kwa matenda a makoma mtima ndi Phokoso chiyani? N'chifukwa chiyani zimenezi ndi zofunika?

Kugunda amalola kuti uweruze haemodynamic, mmene bwino yafupika mtima minofu, pafupifupi chidzalo cha bedi mtima, pa kayendedwe ka heartbeats.

Mu njira zambiri pathological zimasiyanasiyana zimachitika, ndi zimachitika khalidwe amathera kutsatira mwakale. Izi zimathandiza kuti akuganiza kuti dongosolo mtima si bwino.

Kodi magawo kudziwa zimachitika? Zochita za Kugunda

1. Mungoli. The mtima yachibadwa ukugunda fupipafupi, motero kugunda kwa mtima ayenera kukhala rhythmic.
2. Pafupipafupi. Kugunda yoweyula yachibadwa monga mmene mtima ukugunda pa mphindi.
3. Voteji. mlingo Izi zimadalira kuthamanga systolic magazi. The apamwamba ndi, zimakhalanso zovuta kuti compress mtsempha wamagazi ndi zala zanu, ie, mkulu voteji zimachitika.
4. Kudzazidwa. Izo zimatengera buku la magazi ejected ndi mtima pa systole.
5. Kuchuluka. Mfundo imeneyi umabweretsa pamodzi zili ndi mavuto.
6. Fomu - ndi chizindikiro china kuti ndiyo zimachitika. Kugunda mbali mu nkhani anapatsidwa zimadalira kusintha magazi m'zotengera pa systole (chidule) ndi diastole (zosangalatsa) za mtima.

arrhythmias

Pamene kuyan'anila kapena m'badwo wa nyemba ndi contractions mtima minofu ya kayendedwe mtima zimasiyanasiyana, ndi izo, ndi chimasintha zimachitika. Ena kusinthasintha mtima khoma ayamba kugwa, kapena kuoneka mofulumira, kapena kutsatira wina pa intervals osasamba.

Kodi arrhythmias?

Arrhythmias kusintha ntchito nkusani (m'mnyewa wamtima gawo lomwe amapanga nyemba chifukwa mu kuchepetsa minofu mtima)

1. Nkusani tachycardia - kuchuluka pafupipafupi contractions.
2. Nkusani bradycardia - kuchepa pafupipafupi contractions.
3. Nkusani arrhythmia - kugunda mtima pa intervals osasamba.

Ectopic arrhythmias. maonekedwe awo imatheka pamene zofunika mu myocardium ndi ntchito kuposa mfundo nkusani. Mu zinthu izi, pacemaker watsopanoyo adzaphulitsa ziletsa ntchito yotsirizira ndi zoika mungoli awo kugunda kwa mtima.

1. Ukugunda - zikamera wa msinkhu kugunda. Malinga ndi kutanthauzira za cholinga ectopic wa malemeredwe kumenyedwa ndi matenda, yamitsempha yamagazi ndi atrioventricular.
2. Paroxysmal tachycardia - chinawonjezeka kugunda kwa mtima mwadzidzidzi (mpaka 180-240 heartbeats pamphindi). Ngati kumenyedwa kungakhale matenda, yamitsempha yamagazi ndi atrioventricular.

Kuphwanya zimachitika wa myocardium (blockades). Malinga ndi kutanthauzira za mavuto yolepheretsa zachilendo kwa mitsempha mopupuluma pa mfundo sinoatrial, anatseka misewu m'magulu:

1. Sinoauricular chipika (zimachitika pongopereka ndi mfundo nkusani).
2. Intraatrial chipika.
3. Atrioventricular chipika (Apa si inasamutsidwa kuchoka atria kuti ventricles a). Pamene wathunthu atrioventricular chipika (digiri III) imatheka kuti pali awiri pacemaker (mfundo sinoatrial ndi likulu la malemeredwe mu ventricles mtima).
4. Intraventricular chipika.

Payokha ayenera kukhala ndi m'kuphethira wa flutter matenda kapena fibrillation. zinthu izi amatchedwanso arrhythmia mtheradi. Nkusani mfundo Pankhaniyi salinso pacemaker, ndi myocardium wa atria kapena ventricles anapanga angapo ectopic foci wa malemeredwe kuti amaonetsera mtima kayendedwe ndi kuchepetsa kwambiri pafupipafupi. Mwachibadwa, mu zinthu izi, minofu mtima sangathe mokwanira yafupika. Choncho, kudwala (makamaka ku ventricles a) oopsa.

kugunda kwa mtima

Mpumulo kugunda kwa mtima munthu wamkulu ali 60-80 kumenyedwa pa mphindi. Kumene, chithunzi ichi zimasiyanasiyana pa moyo. Kugunda ndi zaka losiyana kwambiri.

Kungakhale zikusiyana pakati pa chiwerengero cha heartbeats ndi chiwerengero cha mafunde zimachitika. Izi zimachitika ngati m'magazi ejected ka magazi buku (insufficiency mtima, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kufalitsidwa magazi). Pankhaniyi oscillations makoma chotengera zisadzachitike.

Choncho, zimachitika munthu (zachilendo kwa zaka tanena) si nthawi zonse zili mitsempha zotumphukira. Komabe, sizikutanthauza kuti mtima komanso si yafupika. Pakhoza kukhala kuchepa ejection nusu.

voteji

Malinga ndi kusintha kwa chizindikiro zikusintha ndipo zimachitika. Kugunda voteji khalidwe la Chigawo ake amapereka mitundu zotsatirazi:

1. Olimba zimachitika. Chifukwa kuthamanga kwa magazi (BP), makamaka systolic. Tsinani womwe ndi mtsinje ndi zala zanu mu nkhani iyi ndi yovuta kwambiri. Maonekedwe a mitundu izi zimachitika zikusonyeza kufunika kwa kudzudzulidwa atangochimwa magazi ndi mankhwala antihypertensive.
2. Zofewa zimachitika. mtsempha wamagazi ndi wothinikizidwa mosavuta, ndipo si zabwino kwambiri, chifukwa mtundu uwu zimachitika zimasonyeza mochedwerako kwambiri magazi. Izo zikhoza kukhala chifukwa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana: kuchepetsa voliyumu magazi, kuchepetsa kamvekedwe mtima, inefficient heartbeats.

kudzazidwa

Malinga ndi kusintha kwa chizindikiro ichi ndi mitundu ya zimachitika izi:

1. Full. Izi zikutanthauza kuti magazi aziyenda bwino mu mitsempha ya zokwanira.
2. Kanthu. Kugunda Izi zimachitika pamene buku ka magazi ejected ndi mtima pa systole. Chifukwa okhumudwa akhoza kukhala kudwala kwa mtima (mtima kulephera, arrhythmia ndi kugunda kwa mtima kwambiri) kapena kuchepa mu Volume magazi m'thupi (kutaika kwa magazi, madzi m'thupi).

Mtengo kwa mtima

chizindikiro ichi Chili zili ndi voteji zimachitika. Izo zimatengera makamaka pa kukula kwa mitsempha pa chidule mtima ndi zosangalatsa pa kuvunda infarction ake. Ukulu wa mitundu zotsatirazi zimachitika:

1. Large (mkulu). Kumachitika m'njira imeneyi pali kuwonjezeka ejection kachigawo ndi utachepa wolumikizira khoma kamvekedwe. Ukulu wa kuthamanga mu systole ndi diastole zimasiyanasiyana (wina mkombero mtima wa ntchito izo limatuluka zikuchepa kenako amachepetsa kwambiri). The zifukwa zikubweretsa pakutchulidwa wa zimachitika ikuluikulu kukhala kung'ambika insufficiency, thyrotoxicosis, malungo.
2. Small zimachitika. Magazi mu mtima wa ejected pang'ono kamvekedwe wolumikizira makoma ndi mkulu, ndi kusinthasintha kuthamanga mu systole ndi diastole otsika. Chifukwa boma: kung'ambika stenosis, kulephera mtima, kukha mwazi mantha. Nthawi kwambiri, mtengo zimachitika akhoza kukhala zazing'ono (uyu akutchedwa thready zimachitika).
3. Yunifolomu zimachitika. Iwo amakhala ngati mtengo kwa mtima yachibadwa.

The mawonekedwe a zimachitika oscillation

Pa chizindikiro ichi zimachitika ali m'magulu ziwiri:

1. Fast. Pankhaniyi, pa systole kuthamanga mu msempha ali kwambiri kuchuluka, ndipo diastole amachepetsa mofulumira. Mofulumira kugunda ndi chizindikiro khalidwe la insufficiency kung'ambika.
2. Pang'onopang'ono. The zinthu zosiyana, imene pali kwambiri kuthamanga dontho mu systole ndi diastole. Kugunda amenewa amachititsa akusonyeza pamaso pa stenosis kung'ambika.

Kodi kufufuza zimachitika molondola?

Mwina aliyense amadziwa zimene ayenera kuchita kudziwa zimene zimachitika munthu. Komabe, ngakhale oterowo mpheto yosavuta ndi zinthu zimene mukufuna kudziwa.

Kugunda aone zotumphukira (zozungulira) ndi thunthu (carotid) mitsempha. Nkofunika kudziwa kuti mtima linanena bungwe otsika pa periphery ya mafunde zimachitika sangathe wapezeka.

Taganizirani mmene palpate adzionere pa dzanja. mtsempha wamagazi zozungulira lilipo chifukwa kafukufuku pa dzanja basi pansipa m'munsi mwa chala choyamba. Akamaona adzionere palpated mitsempha onse (kumanzere ndi kumanja), monga pakhoza kukhala zinthu pamene kuthamanga nyemba zimasiyana mu mikono yonse. Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa psinjika za chidebe kuchokera kunja (mwachitsanzo, chotupa) kapena occlusion wa lumen ake (thrombus, atherosclerotic zolengeza). Pambuyo kuyerekezera zimachitika mpandawo pa dzanja kumene yabwino palpated. Nkofunika kuti kuphunzira kusinthasintha zimachitika mu mtsempha wamagazi sanali chala chimodzi, ndi ochepa (bwinobwino amuzungulire dzanja kuti zala 4, kupatula chala choyamba, anali pa mtsempha wamagazi ndi zozungulira).

Kodi zimachitika pa mtsempha wamagazi ndi carotid? Ngati mafunde zimachitika zotumphukira ofooka kwambiri, mungathe kufufuza zimachitika ziwiya kwambiri. Chophweka njira kuyesa kupeza pa mtsempha wamagazi carotid. Kuti tichite zimenezi, zala ziwiri (index ndi pakati) ayenera kuvala m'dera limene ntchito mwachindunji mtsempha wamagazi (pa nsonga kutsogolo kwa minofu sternocleidomastoid pamwamba apulo Adamu). Nkofunika kukumbukira kuti ufulu kufufuza zimachitika mbali zonse n'zosatheka. Tikule mwa awiri mitsempha carotid zingachititse msokonezo magazi mu ubongo.

Kugunda pa mpumulo ndi pansi ntchito yachibadwa hemodynamic mosavuta mtima mu zotumphukira ndi zotengera chapakati.

A mawu ochepa pomaliza

Kugunda munthu (zaka wabwinobwino ayenera kumwedwa nkhani mowerengera) amalola mumakumbukira nthawi za mmene hemodynamics. Izi kapena kusintha zina zimachitika magawo oscillation kawirikawiri mbali khalidwe la limati zina pathological. N'chifukwa chake kuphunzira kwa mtima uli wamtengo wapatali matenda.