Kufotokozera, zimayambitsa, zizindikiro, kupewa ndi kuchiza wa nephritis aakulu

Impso - chimodzi cha ziwalo zofunika kwambiri ya dongosolo excretory wa munthu. Ngati ntchito yachibadwa ya zida za kusefera anagwiriridwa, ndi zinadzala ndi autointoxication wa thupi, kukula kwa edema, kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda kagayidwe kachakudya.

Kapangidwe ka impso ndi

Impso m'thupi awiri mu maonekedwe, iwo amafanana nyemba ndipo ili mu malo retroperitoneal mbali ya msana pa mlingo m'chiuno. Aliyense, kamodzi anapirira ndi yotupa matenda a dongosolo excretory, ndi kudziwa zizindikiro za nephritis aakulu, mwangwiro akuimira komwe iwo ali. impso ang'ono kukula ndi kulemera alibe upambana 200, thupi tichipeza zigawo ziwiri: kunja (yokhudza kotekisi) ndipo mkati (oziziritsa). Pa gawo la msana zikugwirizana ndi impso ndi mitsempha ya magazi, pali wapadera M'mimbamo - mafupa a chiuno aimpso, imene munthu ureter.

Kapangidwe ka matupi awa ndi zovuta ndi kuphunzira pa mlingo tosaoneka. Mumadziwika zofunika structural mchitidwe ndi ntchito impso - nephron ili mu wosanjikiza yokhudza kotekisi ndi ongokhala capillaries glomerular, wopangidwa kapusly ndi tubules. The capillaries anapanga chifukwa cha kubweretsa nthambi ya mtsempha wamagazi ndi aimpso, ndipo ine ndiyenera kunena, kuthamanga mu izo kwambiri. Tangoganizani za izo kwa mphindi 4-5 magazi onse mu thupi la munthu lili nthawi kudutsa impso, ndi utali wonse wa tubules ndi aimpso ukufika 100 Km.

ntchito impso

chiwerengero cha nephrons mu impso ndi chidwi: awo miliyoni mu aliyense wa iwo. Kudzera mayunitsi structural glomeruli patsiku osasankhidwa dongosolo la malita 200 mkodzo chachikulu, chimene zikuchokera ndi ofanana ndi madzi a m'magazi, koma wopanda mapulotini lili ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zogwirizana thupi. The convoluted tubule reabsorption akupezeka magazi ambiri mwa mankhwala, komanso katulutsidwe, kuti n'kopanda magazi mu mkodzo angapo a zinthu. Kuchuluka yomaliza ya mkodzo ndi kale lita 1.7-2. Imagwera mu mafupa a chiuno ndi aimpso ndi chikhodzodzo. impso ntchito zikusintha malinga ndi zikhalidwe za chilengedwe kunja ndi mkati ndipo ndi Lamulo chapakati mantha dongosolo.

Kuwonjezera kugwira ntchito excretory, impso kuchita endocrine ndi kagayidwe kachakudya komanso kukhalabe madzi khola ndi electrolyte ndi asidi-m'munsi bwino, ndi zochitika mu hematopoiesis mobwerezabwereza masana ikukoka mwa inu mwazi wonse mu thupi la munthu ndi chiyeretso kuti zinthu osafunika.

matenda a impso

Kwa matenda a impso amakhala ndi zizindikiro zina wamba. Kuyan'anila za ntchito zawo zosonyeza ululu isanafalikire mu dera lumbar, pa chimodzi kapena mbali zonse. Kutupa kwa nkhope ndi malekezero zimasonyezanso kuphwanya ntchito za ziwalo zimenezi. Ululu ndi kuchuluka pafupipafupi pokodza, kusintha mu mkodzo mtundu, pamaso pa magazi mwa - zizindikiro zimenezi zikuonetseratu poyera kuti impso wosweka. matenda yotupa ziwalo izi nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi malungo ndi ena zizindikiro zosonyeza: kutopa, kusintha mu khungu, chilakolako osauka, ndi ena.

Nephritis - si chimodzi, koma gulu la matenda chomwe chili pamaso kutupa mu zimakhala impso. Ndi chikhalidwe cha otaya ndi pachimake ndi aakulu nephritis. Akusiyana kumachititsanso kutupa ndi impso zigawo kachilombo. The kutupa ingafalire kwa impso lonse (akakufunsani mawonekedwe), ndipo zitha bwanji ulemu wake (mawonekedwe ochagovavaya). Mu zizindikiro pachimake kuonekeratu umaonetseredwa, kutentha thupi limatuluka kwambiri, koma aakulu nephritis - matenda amene akanakhoza bwino bwino kukhala asymptomatic.

The mitundu ikuluikulu ya nephritis. pyelonephritis

Pyelonephritis - ambiri yotupa matenda a impso, ndipo amayamba ndi tizilombo toyambitsa kuti akulowa impso kapena m'magazi, kapena pa mundawo mkodzo. Pa nthawi yomweyo anakhudzidwa dongosolo pyelocaliceal impso. Amadwala nephritis aakulu mtundu uwu munthu amene zowawa kamodzi gawo pachimake matenda ndi mankhwala ake ndi sanamalize mpaka kumapeto. Choncho anthu ayenera kwambiri kuyan'ana mkhalidwe wawo kuti: lamanja kumanga zakudya, kupewa hypothermia. Ali pachiopsezo cha kudwala pyelonephritis amayi oyembekezera, chifukwa mwana wosabadwayo kukula compresses ureters.

glomerulonephritis

Amatchedwanso glomerulonephritis glomerular nephritis. Tanthauzo lake nthawi zambiri m'thupi kutupa kwa glomeruli wa nephrons ndi, akuwuka atamwa mankhwala akupha thupi yekha, koma matendawa akhoza kukhala ndi matupi awo sagwirizana khalidwe pambuyo matenda yapita monga chiyambi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zimene poizoni (mowa, mankhwala, Mercury) ungakhalenso chifukwa cha glomerulonephritis.

Tanena kale kuti glomeruli kutumikira monga Zosefera mu thupi. Ngati kusokonezedwa iwo ntchito bwino, mkodzo kuyamba kutenga zofunika thupi zinthu, ndi kwa iwo simuzikhalanso mankhwala kuwonongeka. Munthu akudwala kufooka ambiri, kupweteka kwa nsana, nseru, edema, kufupika kwa mpweya, ndi kuphwanya pokodza. The peculiarity a mtundu umenewu nephritis aakulu kusinthana kwa nyengo chikhululukiro ndi nkhani ya exacerbation zizindikiro. The matenda, pakalibe chithandizo chokwanira kungachititse kulephera aakulu aimpso.

interstitial nephritis

Interstitial nephritis - matenda amene kugonjetsedwa kwa minofu wapakatikati ndi tubules mu nephrons lapansi. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha ntchito mankhwala, makamaka mankhwala, okodzetsa ndi odana inflammatories, ndi zina matenda bakiteriya ndi tizilombo, amene mu nkhani iyi si chifukwa koma chothandizira kuti amakwiya matenda china. Ngakhale zimayambitsa matenda zimachitika poizoni poizoni ndiponso kuwonongeka mwangozi ionizing cheza. Popeza nephritis interstitial pali kuphwanya ntchito tubular, ndi aimpso mafupa a chiuno kutupa sizikhudza, kudwala iyi akutchedwa tubulointerstitial nephritis.

Adzakhululukidwa anazindikira kuti anafotokoza mtundu wa matenda ali ndi nthenda khalidwe wonse mpaka kupeza aakulu tubulointerstitial nephritis. Akutukuka ndondomeko pathological n'kukumana ndi maonekedwe a zizindikiro za kuledzera. Ndi kovuta matenda mtundu wa nephritis aakulu. Odwala amadandaula pakamwa youma, ludzu nthawi zonse, koma voiding, wafala matenda ena aimpso ali pa siteji oyambirira koma anati mu ululu m'munsi kumbuyo wofatsa koma kawirikawiri chodabwitsa - zikamera wa totupa thupi lawo siligwirizana pa thupi. Ngati aakulu tubulointerstitial nephritis - mosadziwika matenda ndi molondola kutsimikizira kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa matenda chingatithandize yesero ili matenda monga singano biopsy a impso ndi.

Chithandizo cha nephritis aakulu

Matenda nephritis impso - ndi pafupifupi nthawi zonse chifukwa cha undertreated pachimake nephritis. Nthawi zina, ngakhale mawonekedwe aakulu angathe popanda siteji pachimake m'mbuyomu, koma ndiye, osalephera, panali ena matenda ena opatsirana. Mu matenda aakulu a impso kusintha awo anatomical zinadzachitika makwinya matupi.

aakulu nephritis chithandizo kumatengera kumene mtundu wa matenda. Koma n'zotheka kudziwa angapo malamulo ofanana. Sitepe yoyamba ndi kudzera medicaments kuthetsa matenda foci mu thupi. Pewani zolimbitsa yovutayi, nkhawa, kukhudzana ndi ozizira. Pa exacerbations amafuna okhwima bedi zina. Chakuti kusankhidwa kwa mkulu wa okodzetsa, kuchititsa timadzi m'malo mankhwala. Komabe, mankhwala ayenera kuperekedwa pokhapokha dokotala. Impso mavuto - izo kwambiri za kupereka kudzimvera medicate.

The zakudya mankhwalawa matenda a impso Cholinga kupewa overloading thupi mtima ndi kusintha excretion zinthu nitrogenous, koma chakudya ayenera kukhala wolemera mu mavitamini. Kwenikweni okha kapena kwathunthu inathetsedwa mchere wambiri. Nyama ndi nsomba bwino yophika kapena wophikidwa, koma osati mwachangu. Kumwa madokotala madzi akulangizidwa kuchepetsa kwa madzi okwanira 1 patsiku. Mowa, chocolate, khofi, mchere zokometsera yoletsedwa.

kupewa

Mu aakulu kupewa nephritis ndi kuonetsetsa kuti zonse kumatanthauza kupewa exacerbation la matenda. Ndipo ichi Ndi bwino kuti mupewe matenda, hypothermia ndi nagruzhatorganizm kwambiri thupi yaikulu. Komanso, mankhwala aliwonse mankhwala, kuphatikizapo mankhwala odana ndi yotupa ndi analgesics ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala, pokhapokha ngati anasonyeza ndi moyang'aniridwa ndi achipatala.