Kodi kalata yakale ya Asilavo ndi iti?

Kalata yoyamba ya Slavavic ndi chilembo chakale cha Chirasha, chomwe chinagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Russia konse. Pa nthawiyi, Russs idagwiritsidwanso ntchito mwachangu: mipikisano (pali lingaliro lakuti Runts linalembedwa mwa Asilavo, omwe iwo anali asanabatizidwe ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Cyrillic ndi Glagoliti), komanso kudula.

Zambiri zadzidzidzi

Chilankhulo chakale cha Chirasha ndicho chinenero cholankhulidwa ndi makolo athu. Ndi udindo wa munthu aliyense wa Chirasha kuti asunge chinenero chake ndikuchipereka kwa ana ake. Kufunika kwa zilembo zakale kumakhala kuti kumathandiza kumvetsa momwe chinenero cha Chirasha chimapangidwira ndi momwe zasinthira pamodzi ndi mbiri.

Chiwerengero chachikulu cha akatswiri a philolo amaphunzira zilankhulo zakale za Chislavoni, amafufuza m'madera awa ndikupeza zatsopano zatsopano za chiyambi cha chinenero chathu cha Russian chamakono, chimene mbiri yake ikugunda. Ndipotu, ndi momwe chinenero chathu chimasinthira, munthu amatha kuona mmene zinakhudzidwira ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana za mbiriyakale.

Kalata yoyamba ya Asilavo kalata yoyamba

Chilembo Chakale cha Slavic chimakhala ndi makalata 49 oyambirira. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi chifanizo chake ndi tanthauzo lake. Akatswiri ambiri amakono amati zilankhulo zakale ndi dongosolo lowerenga tanthauzo losabisika. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti powerenga zinenero zakale za chi Slavonic, kuganiza mophiphiritsira ndikofunikira. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti kuwerenga kwa foni yamakalata akale sikupereka mwayi womvetsetsa tanthauzo la mawuwo.

Chiwerengero cha makalata oyambirira

Ngakhale kuti magulu a chinenero ndi osiyana kwambiri, malingaliro aumunthu amazindikirabe kanthu kalikonse koganizira zithunzi zosiyana.

Zithunzi za zilembo zakale zili ndi mafano osiyanasiyana. Chifaniziro cha Chilavuniki chakale, ndipo kenako cha kalembedwe ka Chirasha cha Chirasha, chimachokera ku mayendedwe omwe makolo athu adawonetsera zowona. Mphindi si kalata, ndi syllable. Ndipo iwo omwe amati amakhoza kuwerenga mauthenga okhwima ndi olakwika kwambiri. Mndandanda ndi chithunzi chachinsinsi cha chodabwitsa chimene chinkawonetsedwa mundandanda wa runic. Chizindikiro chilichonse chiri ndi tanthauzo 50.

Ndipo tsopano ndikofunika kusonyeza, mwachitsanzo, mfundo yochotsera chidziwitso. Makalata akale anali kutchula dzina: az, mulungu, beeches, matanthauzo, abwino, ndi, ine, m'mimba, dziko, lapansi. Ndipo, kuphatikiza mawiri awiri a makalata ndikuwonjezera zithunzi zawo, timapeza mau akuti: Ndikumudziwa Mulungu, kunena zabwino, kunena zabwino-ndiko, moyo padziko lapansi.

Kalata yoyamba ya Slavic. Andrey Ivashko ndi maphunziro ake apadera pophunzira zinenero zakale za Slavic

Tsopano kuphunzira zilankhulo zakale za Chi Slavic ndizofala kwambiri. Choncho, pali chiwerengero chachikulu cha sukulu yapadera, magulu, omwe anakhazikitsidwa ndi akatswiri mderali. Komanso, mapulojekiti ambiri ndi maphunziro osiyana adapangidwa kuti aphunzire chinenero cha Chilavuniki Chakale.

Mpaka lero, mabuku a Andrei Ivashko ndi imodzi mwa maphunziro opindulitsa kwambiri komanso opindulitsa kwambiri pophunzira zinenero zakale. Ndikofunika kumudziwa wowerenga ndi phunziro lapadera "kalata yakale ya Chislav". Ivashko anagwira ntchitoyi kwa nthawi yayitali, kupanga videokurok iliyonse.

Sukulu yophunzira chinenero chakale chachi Slavic

Mnyamata wa zaka 26 wochokera ku Simferopol Andrey Ivashko, yemwe amagwira ntchito mumzinda womwewo monga mphunzitsi ku yunivesite, ndi wofufuzira wa Chirasha chakale. Andrei anapanga njira yapadera yophunzirira zilembo zakale za Chislav. Ivashko anatulutsa ziphunzitso zake pafupi ndi chaka cha 2013. Maphunzirowa ali ndi masewera khumi ndi limodzi okha. Ndipo chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti chilankhulo cha ophunzira chidzafunika maola 19 kuti amalize maphunziro onse. N'chiyani chingakhale bwino?

Mu magulu avidiyo a Ivashko, onse achikulire achi Russian ndi Old Slavonic amalingaliridwa poyerekeza. Izi zimathandiza ophunzira kumvetsetsa bwino kusiyana kwa zilankhulozi ndi bwino kuphunzira mfundo.

Andrey Ivashko amakhulupirira kuti munthu ayenera kukhala ngati chitoliro kuti adziwitse chidziwitso chake kwa wina. Iye akunena kuti izi ndi njira yowonjezera.

Mphunzitsiyo amasonyeza kuti kuphunzira zilankhulo zakale kumawunikira malingaliro ophiphiritsira a munthu.

Anthu omwe akufunadi kuphunzira phunziroli mwakuya akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya Ivashko powerenga kalata yakale ya Asilavo. Zoonadi, mabuku angaperekenso chithandizo choyenera pa kuphunzira, komabe muyenera kukumbukira nthawi zonse kuti munthu aliyense amawona zitsanzo zowoneka bwino. Ndipo mu maphunziro a kanema iyi zonse zimaperekedwa mwachilankhulo chophweka, munthu aliyense amatha kumvetsa mosavuta zonse zomwe zanenedwa pamenepo.

Udindo mu dziko lamakono

Ndizosangalatsa kuti tsopano, mu zaka za luso lamakono lamakono, zilembo zakale za Chirasha zimakhala ngati chinenero chokonzekera. Izi zimawoneka zodabwitsa, chifukwa ndi zovuta kulingalira kuti ntchito zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa zaka mazana ambiri zapitazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudera latsopano, monga mapulogalamu. Izi zikugogomezedwa ndi maganizo apamwamba a ounikira akale, omwe ntchito zawo zimatumikirabe umunthu ndikuthandizira kupanga zatsopano.

Kusintha kwa kusintha

Chilembo Chakale cha Slavic (kalata yoyamba) chinasintha nthawi yoyamba nthawi yomwe phazi la ounikira kuchokera ku Ulaya linayendetsa dziko la Russia. Owunikira athu a ku Russia anagwiritsanso ntchito pa izo.

Ndondomeko yopeza alphabets zamakono ndi yokondweretsa komanso yokwanira. Pambuyo pake, zilembo zakale zinasinthidwa ku nthawi yonse.

Ndipo kusintha kwakukulu koyamba kunapangidwa ndi kalata ya Kale Slavic pamene amonke a Cyril ndi Methodius anagwiritsa ntchito makalata achilendo kuti amasulire Baibulo mu Chirasha.

Wolamulira wamkulu Yaroslav Wochenjera anachotsa chinthu china kuchokera ku kalata yoyamba ya Slavic yomwe inkagwira ntchito zokhudzana ndi mayiko akunja.

Peter 1 anachotsa makalata asanu kuti asinthe kusindikiza ndi kusindikiza mabuku ngati mlingo umodzi.

Chinthu chinanso chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti kalata "Ё" idagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wolemba Karamzin mmalo mwa "Yoty" yomwe inalowetsedwa.

Nikolay II anachotsa zinthu zina zitatu mu kalata yakale ya Chislavoni. Koma ndizofunikira kuzindikira kuti awiri mwa iwo anali Greek "Xi" ndi "Psi", zomwe sizinkagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndipo ngati zinagwiritsidwa ntchito, zinangokhala m'mawu achigiriki okhaokha.

Owerenga akatswiri a zamakono amakhulupirira kuti kusinthidwa kwa zilembozi ndi koopsa kwa chinenerocho, chifukwa kusintha koteroko kwa mbiri yonse ya chinenero ndi chinenero chimachotsedwa pang'onopang'ono. Iwo amati kuyambira nthawi imene Russia inayamba kulandira zambiri za Ulaya, idayamba kuwonongeka mwachikhalidwe. Chifukwa, malinga ndi akatswiri a zilankhulo, Ulaya mwiniwake anali panthawiyo pa chikhalidwe cha kuwonongeka kwa chikhalidwe.

Koma akatswiri ena amachititsa chodabwitsa ichi kukhala kuphweka kwa chinenero, chomwe chiri chizindikiro cha mitundu yonse. Iwo samawona chirichonse cholakwika ndi izi.

Kufunika kosunga Chilakolako chakale

Makalata amasonyeza dziko lonse la makolo athu, Aslavs akale. Pambuyo popanga zilembo zakale, amaika moyo wawo wonse. Ndipo ife, mbadwayi, tinali ndi mwayi wapadera wowona cholowa ichi ndikuchigwiritsa ntchito. Komabe, ndi ubwino wonse, tinalinso ndi ntchito yosunga ndi kuyendetsa kupyolera muzaka mazana ano cholowa chachikulu cha Chirasha.

Ndicho chifukwa chake akatswiri a zilankhulo amagwira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku pa zilankhulo ndi zilembo za Kale Slavic, kupanga zatsopano zokhudzana ndi chiyambi cha chinenero cha Chirasha, pofufuza momwe kusintha kwake kuliri pa zochitika zosiyanasiyana za mbiriyakale. Ndipo ntchito yofunika kwambiri ndiyo kusunga chiyambi chake.