Kremlin zakale ndi maulendo. Mwachidule ndi ntchito ya Moscow Kremlin osungirako zakale

Museum-Thandizani "The Moscow Kremlin" anakhazikitsidwa mu 1991 pamaziko a boma analipo a zakale boma la Russia. Kufunika kuphatikiza mabungwe anthuwo chikhalidwe inali nthawi yaitali, koma kuchuluka latsopano polojekiti saloledwa ntchito chiwembu watsiku ndi kusakanikirana - kukonza mgwirizano wa anthu a zomangamanga watenga zaka zingapo. Chifukwa, kowonera zakale atsopano ndi wapadera analengedwa ndi boma la Russia. Moscow, likulu, ndi mzinda wa lonse lapansi, adapindulapo wina waukulu chionetsero zovuta.

zogona

Pambuyo angapo kafukufuku yaikulu mapulani gulu loyimba la Russia analandira udindo wa m'nyumbayi-otetezedwa. Mu 2001, Director General wa Association of osungirako zakale wakhala Elena Yurevna Gagarina, mwana wamkazi wa lodziwika bwino cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin. Museum-Thandizani "The Moscow Kremlin" ali mbiri nthawizonse wakhala malo okhala a tsars Russian, ndipo kenako - mapulezidenti. Pakali pano, izo m'nyumba mlingo mosabisa ndi mutsogoleli wa Russia Vladimira Vladimirovicha Putina.

Mbiri ya boma la Russia

Nsanja ndi makoma a boma la Russia zinamangidwa cha m'ma 15 mochedwa, mu ulamuliro wa Ivan kwambiri. Pa nthawi yomweyo tinamanga angapo nyumba mapulani ili mkati kukafika kutsogolo kwa boma la Russia. Masiku ano, wapadera Museum-Thandizani "boma la Russia" zikuphatikizapo aang'ono atatu: Mfundo, Annunciation ndi Angelo. Iwo onse ndi phindu mbiri. The gulu loyimba mulinso zinthu zakale ena a boma la Russia amadutsa popita Kosungira Zida, Mpingo wa mafunsidwe a Robe, Ivan Wamkulu Bell, Mpingo wa khumi ndi awiriwo Atumwi. Mu gawo m'munsi mwa Annunciation Cathedral wa kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane amasonyeza mutu wa boma la Russia zakale zokumba pansi. The zakale bwino ankaimira pafupifupi Mitundu yonse ya luso, amakhala osiyana kuwalitsa mwambo wa kunyumba yachifumu, atsogoleri apamwamba. Aliyense nyumba - ndi wapadera nyumba zomangamanga kuwalitsa nyengo ya nthawi zakale. The Interiors a katswiri wakale mapulani tisangalatse ndi ulemerero wawo, chithumwa alendo kudutsa ka zaka 16 ndi 17, komanso m'ma 19.

kutchuka

Moscow Kremlin, amene m'nyumbayi si mpando wa zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho rarest, koma iwo eni okha zipilala chikhalidwe, ndi pansi pa zothandizira mipingo yawo ya UNESCO, ndi apamwamba a mabungwe chitetezo. Kupezeka kwa waukulu owonetsera zakale lovuta Moscow zikufalikira zolembedwa zonse, chaka kudzera Borovitskie chipata Spasskaya nsanja pa Red Square ndi alendo oposa mamiliyoni awiri padziko lonse. chidwi cha anthu chikhalidwe wakale Russian si kufooketsa alendo hotelo - ophunzitsidwa bwino atsogoleri amene akufuna kulankhula za mbiri ya Moscow Kremlin, komanso banja lachifumu ndi anamuperekeza ake.

achifumu ophimba

Chuma chachikulu cha boma la Russia exposures ankaona Zida zankhondo, amene akuyamba maulendo onse pa khomo boma la Russia ku Borovitskaya nsanja. Moscow Kremlin, zinthu zakale amene zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho zosiyanasiyana, ali ndi kusonkhanitsa wapadera ngolo, amene adatuluka a ku banja lachifumu, oimira anthu otchuka apamwamba, anapita kwa mfumu, aphungu ndi olemekezeka. Ndinakumana ukufanizidwa zosiyana kuchokera yosavuta kwa tirigu chikuku Mipikisano. Personal mpandadenga Catherine pafupi ndi chaise wautali, ndi stroller msungichuma anaima pafupi adalira awiri kwa kukayenda madzulo.

A chipinda osiyana akudikira zovala kuti anali yapamwamba nthawi, malo apadera kulamulidwa ndi mipango achifumu, tizinthu ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali, chokongoletsedwa ndi ubweya sable. Chionetserochi chachikulu - chophimba cha Monomakh mphonje wolemera nakonza ndi emeralds ndi zamtengo wapatali. Mu chipinda pafupi ndi mndandanda wa "Isitala dzira Faberge". The khoti osula golidi Carl Fabergé ndi omuthandizira ake analenga mndandanda wa katswiri wa luso jeweler, amene anapanga kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane. Chionetserochi waukulu ndi kutolera Faberge Isitala Dzira "The Moscow Kremlin". Ichi ndi chithunzi stylized wa awiri nsanja wotchuka wa boma la Russia - Mpulumutsi ndi Vodovzvodnaya.

Nsanja kuponyedwa mkuwa aloyi, golide ndi siliva. Pakati pawo oyenerera mwachindunji "dzira lapapasaka", mkati limene jeweler anaika mkati Mfundo tchalitchi. Onani zithunzi kakang'ono pa iconostasis tyablovom zotheka ndi kuyang'ana mwa mazenera arched. Izi mwaluso za luso jeweler ndi wotchuka chifukwa chakuti iye sanasiye malire a Russia, ngakhale makampani chionetsero yachilendo akanaona kuti ndi mwayi ngati kuti nthawi monga mu expositions awo. A mankhwala lapadera jeweler wotchuka apuma pa maziko waukulu chidutswa umodzi wa onekisi.

manyuzipepala

Wapoyera waima mmodzi wa zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho wotchuka wa Moscow Kremlin, Tsar Cannon, wapadera Cannon, kuponyedwa mu mkuwa mbuye Andreem Chohovym mu 1586. Mfuti zimagawidwa monga "manyuzipepala", ndi gulu latsopano ndi matope a. Aliyense pakati akulemera pafupi 2 matani, awiri a mbiya ya mfuti - 890 mm, akulemera mfumu mfuti matani 42. Kuwombera matope akhoza theoretically yekha, chifukwa kuti mlandu, muyenera kuyesetsa kwambiri.

A mwaluso ya chitsulo chosungunula

Wina chionetsero chachikulu - ndi Tsar Bell. Mu 1730, mkulu wa Mfumukazi Anny Ioannovny ntchito yomanga kuponyera belu lalikulu kwambiri mu mbiri ya malonda foundry. Agwire ntchito motsatizana, bambo ndi mwana Matorina. Pa ntchito kukonzekera ndi Matorin mkulu anamwalira, ndipo ntchito yonse anali kuchita mwana. M'chaka cha 1735 zonse anali wokonzeka kudzazidwa ndondomeko, mu smelters asanu yophika mkuwa akamaumba dzenje anali wokonzeka kulandira achitsulo. Wokonzeka belu matani 200 ndipo msinkhu wake unali mamita 6.3. Komabe belu kuonongeka pa moto, chifukwa kutentha chimasintha zitsulo ali losweka ndi kuthyola ndi kulemera chachikulu chidutswa. Choncho, kapangidwe odzitukumula ali unatha pamene belu la mpingo chifukwa belfry ndi wakhala kowonera zakale chidutswa. Moscow Kremlin, zinthu zochititsa chidwi zimene atsopano kawirikawiri ndi rarities latsopano, wakhala malo kwa wapadera Tsar Bell.

kopanda Cathedral

Modzi wa Mipingo woyamba woyera mwala wa Moscow, Cathedral wa Akukwera, chinamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma 15 mochedwa ndi wamanga Aristotle Fioravanti. zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri pambuyo yomanga odziwika chizindikiro zojambulajambula Dionisiyo wayamba penti makoma a kachisi. Ntchito mpaka 1515. Pakati pa 17 m'ma Cathedral wa Akukwera anali utoto pa, koma frescoes akale akhala pang'ono kuteteza ndiwo amakezana chizindikiro-kupenta dongosolo pa dera lonse la boma la Russia.

The Mfundo Cathedral ndi necropolis lalikulu lomwe kugona mabwinja a mzinda wa Kiev, Moscow naini kholo la Moscow, amene anafa m'zaka 17.

Cathedral wa Annunciation

kachisi ili Cathedral Square mu Moscow Kremlin. Linamangidwa mu 1489 pa wakale woyera-mwala chapansi, unatsala pa tchalitchi akale. Mu 1547 tchalitchi kwambiri kuonongeka ndi moto ndi anamangidwanso yekha mu 1564, ndi mapulani kumanga machaputala awiri a matchalitchi guwa. Mu 1572, tchalitchi anamanga otchedwa Grozny khonde. The iconostasis ali mizere iwiri ya mafano, "Deesis" ndi "tchuthi" ndi Andrei Rublev ndi Feofana Greka. Pa khonde pali fano la Agiriki: Aristotle, Homer, Anaxagoras, Plutarch, Ptolemy. Zipata kumpoto chokongoletsedwa ndi Antiokeya-reliefs ya Roma wakale aneneri sibyls. Kugonana tchalitchi unapangidwa mbale yade.

Mpaka m'ma 18, kachisi ntchito monga mpingo nyumba ya Moscow tsars. Ndipo pamene Petersburg ulamuliro Annunciation kachisi ndi chizindikiro protopresviterianstva.

Cathedral wa Angelo

Zisanu ozungulira mpingo wa m'matchalitchi eyiti zinamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma 16. Chokongoletsera mkati mwa tchalitchi kwathunthu titsiriza 150 kenaka, kudzera mwa ojambula zithunzi Fedora Zubova, Stepan Ryazantsev, Iosifa Vladimirova. Kenako m'katikati anaonekera tyablovy iconostasis matabwa, utoto golide. msinkhu wake unali mamita 13.

Angelo Cathedral anatchuka chifukwa necropolis chilengedwe, womwenso 54 m'manda pakati pawo - Woyera kachisi wa Prince wotchedwa Dmitry Ivanovich ndi Chernigovskogo Mihaila. Necropolis mulinso tombstones 46 zokongoletsera ndi maliro housings zamkuwa. Mu 1928, mu chapansi chipinda cha nyumba ya mabwinja a Romanov akazi ndi Rurik anatitumiza, lomwe kale anapumula Mpingo wa Ascension obisika.

Kremlin osungirako zakale, akafuna opaleshoni

Mmodzi wa malo ofunika kwambiri chionetsero cha Russia ukugwira ntchito mu chaka kalendala. Mmunsimu muli ndandanda tsiku la zisudzo, m'gulu la "Kremlin" owonera zakale. maola oyambirira a Boma m'nyumbayi amafalitsidwa motere:

zipinda zonse owonetsera zakale ali otsegula pa 10 m'mawa mpaka 17 koloko tsiku. Nthawi ya chilimwe - kuchokera maola 10 kuti 18.

Lachinayi - tsiku.

Tikiti ofesi ndi lotseguka tsiku (kupatula Lachinayi) ku 9:30 kuti 16:30, m'chilimwe - maola 17. Matikiti akhoza kugulidwa ku Alexander Garden, ndi okwerera sitima siteshoni "Lenin Library".

"Amadutsa popita Kosungira Zida" Zinthu ndi lotseguka pa magawo malamulo: 10,00, 12,00, 14,30, 16,30. Matikiti amagulitsidwa ku ofesi bokosi Mphindi 45 pamaso gawoli.

Chionetsero "Antiquities a boma la Russia", yomwe ili Annunciation Cathedral ndi lotseguka tsiku lililonse (kupatula Lachinayi): maulendo motsogozedwa pa 10,15, 11,15, 12,15, 13,15, 14,15, 15,15, 16,15.

The tikiti mtengo khomo la Cathedral Square - 350 rubles akuluakulu, 150 rubles ophunzira.

Tchuti ndi kumapeto kwa sabata zimaperekedwa matikiti banja zochokera awiri akuluakulu ndi ana awiri. Mtengo wa tikiti imodzi - 100 rubles.

mtengo tikiti pa zankhondo - 700 rubles akuluakulu ndi 200 rubles kwa pensioners, ophunzira a sukulu.

Alendo ndi mapositi kadi

Kremlin osungirako zakale, zisudzo, zionetsero za zojambulajambula, thematic ndi zochitika zina imvera dongosolo, nkhaniyi anapeza zaka. Lililonse mlendo kwa boma la Russia moni monga mlendo wokondedwa, kuonetsetsa kuti ali athandizira zonse zofunikira. Timabuku, Kamangidwe, alendo, makadi - zonse zilipo zambiri iliyonse. Moscow Kremlin, zinthu zochititsa chidwi zomwe ndi chidwi kwa anthu padziko lonse, akupitiriza kulandira alendo.