Konkire msewu: zomangamanga

Nkhani zikuluzikulu zomwe kumanga misewu ndi phula. Patatha zaka zitatu chofunika kuzikonza, ndiyeno ayambe pachaka katundu ntchito. Konkire msewu phula apamwamba kwambiri kuposa m'njira zambiri, koma ntchito zake ndi zochepa.

The zifukwa motere:

• kuchepa zomangamanga bajeti;
• otsika zokolola;
• nyengo;
• magalimoto potsegula;
• kusowa kwa mitundu kofunika simenti;
• mtunda.

Mu US, chuma fuko ndi njira yowona (chithunzi m'munsimu).

Back mu 50 mu America ndi West kumvetsa ubwino ndi kumanga anali pachimake.

Poyamba, misewu konkire mu Russia anawaika mbale, kuyendetsa galimoto zinkafanana ndi kayendedwe ka sitima pa mfundo zii. Tsopano kuwathira pansi ndi ❖ kuyanika ndi yosalala.

Kodi njira yowona?

Konkire msewu Ubwino:

• tisaletse kukonzekera kwa konkire Kusakaniza ;
• Liwilo stacking;
• mphamvu yapamwamba ndi durability;
• yosalala pamwamba, ndi guluu wolimba wabwino ndi tayala;
• aone bwino poyerekeza phula chifukwa cha reflectivity wabwino.

Misewu Konkire ndi ubwino ntchito, zomwe MUKACHULUKIDWE anasamutsa katundu ku okhwima slab konkire pa ambiri a m'munsi pa. Izi zimaonekera makamaka m'chaka. Kuchimwa phula zambiri amapezeka irreversibly, umboni ndi maonekedwe a ruts mafunde. Konkire pansi kumachepetsa kuchimwa zimenezi, pamene kukwaniritsa ndalama mafuta a mpaka 20%.

ubwino Environmental zokhudzana ndi kupanda kuipitsidwa nthaka ndi mankhwala mafuta kuti aime kwa phula la. ndalama mafuta amachepetsa mpweya. Akukhulupirira kuti ❖ kuyanika olimba umabala phokoso kwambiri, koma kuwonjezeka kotereku zonyozeka.

Mphamvu ya mtunda yomanga misewu

Automotive konkire msewu ndi ikumangidwa ndi thandizo la umisiri osiyana. Aliyense ntchito ndi zosiyana. M'madera a mapiri, msewu amatsatira mtunda.

Pa misewu ikuluikulu kuyesera amaiwongola: maganizo backfilled, mapiri tadulidwa mwa mapiri unachitikira ngalandezi overpasses ndi milatho zimamangidwa. Kuonetsetsa kuti mkulu-liwiro mode omanga kupewa akutsikira phompho, obadwa ndi motsatana.

yosiyanasiyana misewu gulu zofunika zachokera topcoat, amene angakhale phula kapena konkire. Phula liyenera kukonzedwa mu zaka 3-4. Ena wautali kwambiri kuposa msewu kuyamba kuchira yomanga si anamaliza panobe. Konkire msewu ndalama 80% zodula, koma sikutanthauza kukonza zaka 10 ntchito. durability ake kumachepetsa ndalama yokonza. Pamene atagona njira yowona anachita qualitatively, ali zaka zambiri popanda kukonzanso.

Kapangidwe ka panjira ya

Kupanga misewu konkire ikuchitika zigawo izi:

• zina,
• underlayment;
• konkire ❖ kuyanika.

kukonzekera nthaka

Kuthira konkire patsogolo pokonza nthaka ndi kupanga mayikidwe wosanjikiza. nthaka ayenera wandiweyani. Izi mosavuta kutsimikizidwa ndi kum'mamatira kuti bala zitsulo 12 mamilimita wandiweyani. Iye ayenera kukhala membala kuti akuya zosaposa 60 cm. Ngati chisindikizo singakwane, ndi khushoni zina prosyadet ndi kugwa konkire.

Phunziroli chisanadze ukatyvayut. Makamaka kulabadira izi zofunda ake. Pankhaniyi, pakubwezeretsa zichitike zigawo. compaction nthaka zachitika pa zili akadakwanitsira chinyezi. Mtundu ndi chiwerengero cha mipita ya wodzigudubuza kuti anasankha experimentally ndi kutulutsa mayeso kugudubuzika. Ngati chinyezi ndi pansi pa mtengo chovomerezeka, nthaka ayenera wothira. Ngati kwambiri zopanda pake, ndi zouma kwambiri kumasula, Kuwonjezera mchenga, slag kapena njira zina.

madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito

Pamene anamanga msewu konkire, luso amapereka achire kwa iwo thawed, mvula ndi madzi kusefukira ngakhale pamaso yomanga roadbed lapansi. Ntchito m'dera limeneli ikuchitika onse mu mzinda ndi kupitirira.

Zida konkire msewu ndi kachizindikiro mpweya zofunika kuonjezera moyo utumiki ndi kutukula galimoto. Pamwamba pa msewu woopsawo kunyamula madzi pa kayendedwe ake. Kuwonjezeka guluu wolimba kwa nsalu, utsi kuchokera mawilo kuteteza mwachidule, ndi ayezi inakhazikitsidwa m'zaka kuzizira. Kufufuta pamwamba msewu ayenera linapendekeka mu yopingasa malangizo ndi kotenga, anapangidwa monga zigawo kukhetsa. M'munsi ndi angaimbidwenso ndi mtengo ndipo amalenga kukondera kuti mwina kapena kutsamira-matabwa. Malo kumene madzi Sungani, limagwirizana wokutidwa ndi nedreniruyuschim nthaka.

Kunja madzi mzinda ku mayendedwe atachotsedwa mu selo magalimoto. m'lifupi awo ndi 1-2.5 mamita The madzi amatenga nawo ndipo amachoka mu kulandira madzi :. m'ngalande, masoka kapena yokumba madzi, ndi mtsinje bedi. Chifukwa chaichi, selo amalenga kukondera 1-4% udzu yamalinga udzu, miyala, mwala kapena detrital konkire.

M'madera kudutsa trays madzi akupita ku mzinda kuchimbudzi. Zipangizo Anabweza ake nthawi zonse kutsukidwa kukwaniritsa matulukidwe chofunika.

The madzi kuti seeps mu nthaka, ngozi msewu. Icho chaperekwa mwa zigawo za seepage, monga miyala. Iwo anaika mipope ngalande ndi slits kapena mabowo. Iwo akhoza kukhala a pulasitiki, simenti kapena ceramic.

Ntchito pa Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa magulu magalimoto thawed, mkuntho osefukira isanayambe kumangidwa kwa roadbed.

Kuika zofunda wosanjikiza

Pa nthaka mchenga ndi 20-40 masentimita wandiweyani pilo. Popanda n'zotheka kusamalira, koma kwambiri saphunzira otaya chinyezi kuchokera pansi, ndipo bwino ngalande. M'pofunika kuteteza blurring ndi chisanu chikhamu, zikubweretsa maonekedwe a cavities ndi ming'alu mu monolith konkire. Vuto lalikulu amalenga nthaka dongo, peat kapena wina aliyense, okhoza kupeza madzi. Izo pang'ono kudula ndi pansi pa tuzigawo twa coarse ovuta miyala, kenako miyala. Kutalika kwa zigawo pambuyo potero ndi za 30 cm. Kuchokera ndalama maphunziro awo ndipo amadalira nthawi yochuluka bwanji adzamanga misewu konkire. The makulidwe osachepera m'munsi amadalira mtundu nthaka ndi zone nyengo. Iwo akufotokozera magome. Pakati pa zigawo zonse zosiyanasiyana anaika geotextile.

Kusalaza aliyense wosanjikiza opangidwa mogwirizana ndi mamangidwe a kotenga ndi yopingasa otsetsereka.

Stone zipangizo m'munsi zambiri kulimbikitsa zinthu ndi katundu kumangako. Izi zikhoza kukhala simenti kapena zinyalala mafakitale: granulated zitsulo slag ndi Kuwonjezera ya laimu mwamsanga, kuuluka phulusa la okwerera matenthedwe mphamvu, pansi slag. zigawo ayenera monolithic, kuti zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito nyimbo kumanga ndi kusamala kugudubuzika.

Pochitika makina yomanga amafunika ponso ena mphamvu ya wosanjikiza m'munsi. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kumalimbitsa nyimbo cementitious.

formwork

Formwork anapanga matabwa kukhuta kutalika, umene uli 100-150 mm. Kusankha msinkhu wake, tisaiwale kuti m'mbali mwa slab konkire anapanga nthiti kuti kuonjezera mphamvu yake. The makulidwe a matabwa ayenera kukhala osachepera 50 mm. zikuchokera awo TACHIMATA, zosavuta m'zigawo ku slab achisanu. Ndi formwork nkhuni ndi zofunika za mphamvu ya cholinga chachikulu cha konkire atsopano ndi magulu akuwuka pa ntchito tamper.

Ngati inu ntchito katundu makina msewu compaction ndi kuwamaliza konkire, mphamvu ya chitsulo formwork. Zilibe kuwalepheretsa ndipo kwambiri yaitali. Yekhayo ali maziko ake, amene kumawonjezera bata.

Gawo shuttering anaika mu mzere ndi adzatsekeredwa ananamizira. Zimenezi n'zofunika kwambiri makamaka ngati mukuchita katundu konkire akututuma makina. Mu malo kuchepetsa milingo m'munsi pansi formwork kutsanulira zigawo Taphunzira konkire kwa bata wamkulu.

Konkire msewu: mbale kupanga njira

Pamaso atagona likulowa konkire kuwonjezeka mfundo kulola slabs kupita vertically ndi horizontally kukula awo kapena psinjika.

1. Kukula zimfundo

Akuponya zigawo ndi kwathunthu. Pakuti grouting zinthu umagwiritsidwa, zimatenga mphamvu: zokutira zitsulo paperboard, mitengo yofewa, Nkhata Bay ndi phula. Ndi kuteteza ku fumbi ndi miyala ya msoko m'dera cham'mwamba akuya 40-50 mamilimita m'pofunika kuti kumatira sealant. Ngati sanachite mu nthawi yowonjezera slabs konkire miyala akhoza kusiya.

Mtunda pakati pa stitches mu nyengo ofunda a 20-30 mamita Wodalirika ❖ kuyanika kwa slabs yaitali ndi 50% ndi yochepa -. 85%. Iwo amakhala ndi kukana kuti akulimbana pakati overhauls. Monolithic ❖ kuyanika amapereka mwa ndodo zitsulo, anaikidwa matabwa a.

Iwo anaika mwa mbali nkhope kapena ndi chipangizo wapadera pavers. Pamene mipata pakati mbale pafupi ndi pa mtunda wa kuposa 6 m, chivundikiro pamwamba wokwera seams wapakatikati kuti akuya 1/3 kakakulu konkire. Chotero mfundo zabodza ndi kupanga olamulira msewu.

M'lifupi mwa magulu awiri a msewu ndi 6-9 m. Chidindo kutentha-kuotcha amadziwikanso adapangidwa pakati pa iwo ndi ming'alu kotenga sanali kupangidwa.

2. Kuika konkire

Zinyalala wosanjikiza atseka pepala madzi, kumatira kapena wothira. Konkire aikidwa pa makulidwe pa nthawi imodzi. Ngati zolimba ndi amenewa, choyamba wodzazidwa wosanjikiza makulidwe a 30-40 mm, yaikidwa pa izo gululi, ndiyeno kudzazidwa kwa shuttering mapeto.

The osakaniza konkire ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mofulumira, chifukwa ndi yotheka nthawi yochepa. Diluting madzi sizingatheke, chifukwa kungachititse kuti kuwonongeka kwa katundu makina a mbale.

Chifukwa ndalama waukulu wa okonzeka kuika fakitale konkire akubwera kuthira. Pambuyo katundu galimoto iye angaimbidwenso makina wapadera zida ndi masamba lotengeka. osakaniza amachoka pa 1 mita ³ ndi uniformly anaikidwa, kapena adzakhala ndi mulu waukulu mu lolemererapo pansi kuposa malo ena. Mu ndondomeko ya kusalaza unevenness izi wapulumutsidwa, tingayambe kuchuluka malo shrinkage malouplotnennyh. Choncho padziko mbale anapanga matendawa,. Njira ndi yunifolomu stacking konkire mu zigawo 2-3.

3. Konkire Kusindikiza

Zida za compaction konkire ndi matabwa matabwa kapena zitsulo, zimene bwanji kupenyetsetsa adalira nyundo pneumatic. Ndi kumizidwa mu konkire Kusakaniza ndi kusuntha mkati mwake. Pamene processing gawo umatha, mtengo wakwezedwa ndipo umasamutsidwa ku malo ena.

Pamene ntchito vibratory armature bala akhale kuchokera pa mtunda wa masentimita 5-7 pamwamba.

Akututuma makina komanso limapangidwa kupatula screed akututuma lomwe lili patsogolo.

Ndi plasticity wa simenti kusakaniza amafuna wapadera. Izo ziyenera kukhala mokwanira mafoni, koma osati kwambiri wochepa thupi, kapena china izo zikuchitika dislodging, wosefukira kudzera formwork wa - mphamvu chatsitsa.

Patapita oipa pang'ono ndi slab konkire udzathiridwa ndi madzi kupewa ming'alu ku atayanika kunja. chivundikiro lake la mchenga, mikeka burlap kapena lona. Njira zamakono za chitetezo nthunzi sprayed kuzibweretsa slab pamwamba oipa sealant. The filimu-kupanga wothandizila umagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse ndipo konsekonse. Zisanafike chofunika kuchotsa chinyezi owonjezera kuchokera ❖ kuyanika.

Low khalidwe konkire osakaniza kumabweretsa kufunika kukonza pafupipafupi msewu.

Pomaliza

Sayansi ya kumanga misewu konkire zonse zilibwino, chifukwa zotsatirazi:

1. Kusintha ndi zinachitikira akatswiri.
2. Pamaso pa Mipikisano ntchito ndi luso mkulu-ntchito.
3. kusintha kwa zipangizo luso, zimene zimathandiza kuchepetsa ntchito zamanja.
4. Ntchito zipangizo zatsopano zapamwamba.

Ngakhale mtengo okwera mtengo wa kukonza misewu mwala ndi mmene zosakwana kukonza phula.