Kodi Mzimuyo ya mabacteria okwera? Okwera lamba wa Caucasus

Kapangidwe ka mabacteria altitudinal wa Caucasus - ndi wopambana kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mapiri ena Russian. Malinga ndi akatswiri UNESCO World Heritage, dera amakhala ndi zosiyanasiyana mwapadera nthaka, m'chilengedwe ndi mitundu, lili timapepala kwambiri nkhalango phe phiri wapadera pamlingo European. Taganizirani chitsanzo cha yaikulu dongosolo phiri, amene amasankha ya zone mkulu-nyamuka. Tiyeni tione mmene anthu ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe ndi chuma cha aliyense mabacteria ndi choimirira.

malamba Altitudinal m'mapiri

Ofukula magawidwe - kapena zone okwera - chitsanzo enieni amene kumaonekera kusintha m'madera mbewu kuchokera m'tsinde pamwamba. Chosiyana ndi ufulu wa kusinthana kwa malo achilengedwe pa zigwa, amene amayambitsidwa ndi kuchepa kuchuluka cheza dzuwa kuchokera equator kuti mitengoyo. Zogwiritsira zonse za mabacteria okwera kwake mapiri atali, zomwe zili mabacteria ndi yamphamvu ndipo otentha. Tikungotchula zotheka ofukula mabacteria zonse zachilengedwe (kuchokera phazi pamwamba):

1. M'madzi kunyanja nkhalango (mpaka kutalika mamita 1200).
2. nkhalango phiri.
3. nkhalango mapiri ataliatali (3000 m).
4. Undersized, mitengo zopotoka, zitsamba (mpaka 3800 m).
5. Alpine madambo (4500 m).
6. Miyala bwinja lokhalokha, wosabereka miyala.
7. Snow, phiri oundana.

Kodi Mzimuyo ya mabacteria okwera?

Kuli okwera mabacteria chafotokozedwa ndi kutsitsa kutentha, kuthamanga, ndi chinyezi ndi kuwonjezeka mu msinkhu. Air pa kuwuka pa 1 kukafika ali utakhazikika ndi avareji 6 ° C. Pakuti yense mamita 12 kutalika ndi mumlengalenga kuthamanga kuchepa kwa 1 mamilimita Hg.

M'mapiri, zomwe zili pa mtunda wosiyana equator, ndi magawidwe ofukula losiyana kwambiri. Mofanana kumpoto monga nthawizina pali machitidwe osiyana achilengedwe.

Tikungotchula, amene amasankha ya mabacteria okwera, kodi zinthu zimakhudza mapangidwe awo:

• Udindo Hrs a mapiri. The kwambiri equator, m'pamenenso ndi mabacteria choimirira.
• Otsika amakhala otanganidwa nazo ndi mudzi zachilengedwe, limene limalamulira m'chigwa ozungulira.
• Kutalika kwa phiri. Kuposa iwo ali apamwamba, ndi watanthauzo ya malamba. Patsogolo kwa M'madera a zitunda ofunda ndi mapiri m'munsi, n'kupita m'munsi (a North Urals pali 1-2 kokha).
• The moyandikana mwa nyanja ndi nyanja, amene anapanga pa mpweya ofunda ndi chinyezi.
• Mmene mpweya misa ozizira kapena otentha youma akubwera kuchokera Africa lapansi.

kusintha ofukula za malo achilengedwe ku mapiri a Western Caucasus

Pali okwera lamba wa Caucasus, zokhudza mitundu iwiri ya magawidwe ofukula: chokhala ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja (mwanyanja). chachiwiri akuyimiridwa mu mapiri a Western Caucasus, kuona mphamvu ya Atlantic, chinyezi apanyanja mpweya.

Tikungotchula waukulu okwera lamba kuchokera m'tsinde kuti nsonga za:

1. dambo steppe interruptible clumps thundu, hornbeam, phulusa (100 m).

2. Forest Zone.

• Broadleaf montane nkhalango (mpaka 600 m). mitengo zina coniferous (spruce zimapezeka m'dera lino Caucasus Oil). M'madera ena amafanana ndi chinyezi subtropical yobiriwira m'tchire imene mipesa kukula, boxwood, yew, mlombwa.
• Lamba nkhalango wosanganiza (pamwamba 1200 m).
• Mdima coniferous nkhalango zomera.

3. subalpine wopotoka maganizo ndi wamtali udzu (okwera 2000 m).

4. otsika-udzu ya m'mapiri meadows, mabelu wolemera, monga chimanga ambulera zomera.

5. nival zone (pa msinkhu wa 2800-3200 m).

Nivalis Latin mawu amene anawamasulira kuti "ozizira." M'dera lino, koma popanda kanthu thanthwe, matalala ndi motowu, pali Alps zomera: buttercup, primroses, plantain ndi ena.

Okwera zone ya kum'mawa Caucasus

Kummawa, pali ena okwera lamba wa Caucasus, amene mChipangano chokhala kapena Dagestan mtundu ofukula magawidwe. Mu m'tsinde mwa theka wamba, zomwe m'malo mwa steppes youma ndi predominance wa udzu ndi sagebrush. Pamwamba ndi m'nkhalango ya zitsamba xerophytic, kawirikawiri nkhalango zomera. Kenako Alpine zone zachilengedwe ankaimira phiri m'chipululu, udzu monga chimanga. Kumapiri a mbali kulandira mpweya lonyowa ya Atlantic, pali nkhalango ya mitengo ikuluikulu-Ndalankhula (thundu, hornbeam ndi mumamera). The East Caucasus lamba nkhalango m'malo mwa subalpine ndi ya m'mapiri meadows ndi predominance zomera xerophytic pamalo okwera za 2800 mamita (ku Alps malire a zone ili pamalo okwera 2200 m). Nival zone chimafika pa msinkhu wa 3600-4000 m.

Yerekezerani mabacteria altitudinal a East ndi West Caucasus

Number okwera mabacteria East Caucasus zosakwana West, chifukwa chikoka pa mapangidwe malo achilengedwe mu mapiri a misa mpweya, zimachititsa chilumbachi ndi zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, ofunda ndi chinyezi Atlantic mpweya pafupifupi Kodi mkatikati kum'mawa, izo lofotokozabe lokwera chachikulu. Pa nthawi yomweyo sakhala ozizira mpweya kotentha kumadzulo kwa dziko la Caucasus.

Kusiyana waukulu wa mkulu-nyamuka nyumba ya kum'mawa Caucasus n'kupita ku West:

• pamaso pa theka-m'chipululu m'tsinde ya;
• m'munsi lamba youma steppe;
• yopapatiza zone nkhalango;
• m'nkhalango xerophytic pachitsamba m'malire m'munsi mwa lamba nkhalango;
• palibe coniferous zone nkhalango
• Steppe mu sing'anga ndi mapiri ataliatali gawo;
• Kukula kwa zone phiri dambo;
• apamwamba malo chisanu ndi oundana.
• nkhalango zomera zokha m'zigwa;
• pafupifupi sizidzachitikanso mitundu mtengo coniferous.

ntchito zachuma cha anthu

The zikuchokera madera achilengedwe a Caucasus chifukwa kusintha mu magawo nyengo mwa dongosolo phiri kuchokera m'munsi pamwamba ndi kumadzulo kum'mawa. Kudziwa chimodzimodzi chimene izo zimatengera ya mabacteria okwera, tisaiwale kuti dera ali mkulu anthu osalimba, makamaka pa Black Sea gombe. Yachonde steppe zigwa Ciscaucasia pafupifupi mwathunthu analima nakhala ndi mbewu mbewu monga chimanga ndi mbewu vwende, minda ya mphesa. Yopangidwa ulimi subtropical, kuphatikizapo kulima tiyi, zipatso zipatso, mapichesi ndi walnuts. Mountain mitsinje ndi malo lalikulu mphamvu madzi, ntchito ulimi wothirira wa madera osaya. Steppe, theka-m'zipululu, meadows ndi msipu. Mu migodi ndi nkhalango lamba anagwira kukolola.

Onse lamba mkulu-nyamuka ku Caucasus Mountains mipata yokwanira zokopa alendo. Dongosolo la ranges sing'anga ndi mapiri ataliatali okutidwa ndi nkhalango, mitsinje ndi matalala, amakopa mafani kutsetsereka ndi snowboarding. Njira kumafuna miyala kugonjetsa, chipale anaphimba otsetsereka a mitsinje phiri. mpweya wabwino ndi nkhalango wosanganiza, mitunda kwabasi, ndi nyanja - waukulu zamasewela chuma cha Caucasus.