Likulu la Australia: Sydney kapena Canberra? Australia: mapu

Kumene ili ndi dzina likulu la Australia? Sydney kapena Canberra - ena mizindayi ntchito mwa likulu? Kupereka mayankho olondola a mafunso amenewa kupita ubwenzi wopita kumtunda kutali. Patapita anapeza America, koma pamaso Antarctica. Kusiyana maganizo amene anthu a ku Ulaya woyamba anafika Australia, osati ziletsa mpaka tsopano. Komanso ndi kutsutsana komwe kulipo za mtundu wa mzinda mu dziko okongola kwambiri ndi liveable.

Chile Australia

Photo kangaroos ndi koalas - mtundu kutchula khadi la Africa laling'ono la Dziko lapansi. Australia pafupifupi 4.5 nthawi zosakwana mu Africa ndi kokha nthawi 2.5 kuposa chilumba lalikulu kwambiri - Greenland. Pa kulalikira, ndi boma lalikulu - Commonwealth of Australia. Ophunzira nthawi zambiri amavutika kuyankha funso lokhudza dzina likulu la Australia, Sydney kapena Canberra? Melbourne kapena Sydney? Ndipo izo osati maiko akutali ndi mayiko. Pali zifukwa zingapo kuganiza kaye munayimbila likulu. Fotokozani zinthu kuthandiza kudziwa mbiri ya anapeza ndi kuthetsa wa Africa ndi azungu.

yachitika chifungulo cha gawo loyamba mu mbiri ya anapeza ndi chitukuko cha Australia

Akufunafuna njira nyanja ku Ulaya India ndi China imachitika mwachangu mu nthawi ya chachikulu atulukira Hrs, Spain, Portugal, ndi pambuyo pawo, ndi Dutch. Isanafike chiyambi cha XVII atumwi ku Europe ife sitikudziwa kumene ndi Australia. mudziwe otalikirana za maulendo a panyanjawa ankadziwa Chipwitikizi ndi amalonda kuti kugombe la osadziwika dziko kum'mwera ali m'zaka za m'ma XVI, koma umboni anasonkhana sikokwanira.

Amadziwika kuti wofufuza Torres ku Spain mu 1606 anadutsa Khwalala kum'mwera kwa New Guinea, kutsimikizira kuti ndi chilumba, osati mbali ya osadziwika kum'mwera Africa. Torres anaona mwa chipata lokhala ndi dzina lake masiku ano, m'mbali mwa malo ena (Australia). Great chopereka kuphunzira Africa zachita Dutch. Kwa nthawi yaitali sizinkadziwika momwe kum'mawa akutambasula dera la Africa kum'mwera.

Azungu onse kwachilendo kutsegula m'mayiko awo ili kutali kum'mwera. Choyamba, amene anafika ku World Old kudabwa marsupials, dothi lofiira, atayanika mitsinje. The yabwino kwambiri pa moyo wa anthu ochokera ku Ulaya gawo kum'mawa, pamene mphepo lonyowa ku nyanja anachedwa mapiri akugwa mpweya kuposa pakati m'dzikoli.

Kusambira D. Cook ndi udindo British mu msasawu m'dzikoli

Amadziwika maulendo kuzungulira dziko England Dzheyms Kuk, podziwa komwe Australia anapita mu zaka 1769-1770 kuphunzira malire kwa gombe la kum'mawa. Wodutsa gombe ku New Zealand, Cook anafika kumpoto kwenikweni m'dzikoli. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo anayamba chitukuko cha izi nkhani m'mayiko a English Korona. January 26, 1788 loyamba la Britain anakhazikitsidwa. Mpaka cha m'ma XVIII akhalabe bwino anamvetsa mkati gawo amene alibe chinalepheretsa amanena British wonse njuchi Africa. Ndi maganizo a Aaborijini Tasmanian ndipo Australia sanali kulengeseka.

Komabe yomangika mtsutso ngati panali m'mbuyomu m'mbiri a kontinenti kupululutsa ya anthu zakwawoko. Palibe chikaiko yankho la funso limene chinenero mu Australia. Dziko ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha ophunzira Commonwealth of Nations. Yokhala ndi mafumu yapita ndi Mfumukazi panopa England - mutu wachokera ku bungwe la maiko ndi madera yozungulira. Mu Australia, ndi chinenero chake ndi Chingelezi.

Africa zing'onozing'ono za Earth: udindo Hrs (GP)

Kodi Chigawo ndi Australia? Tiyeni tione mapu. Monga mukuonera, kumtunda ndi kum'mwera kwa dziko, mwachitsanzo. E. Kodi ili kwathunthu cha Kumwera kwa dziko lapansi. Zinthu zazikulu za GP la Australia mu ufulu:

• York Peninsula - muyeso kumpoto kufika kumtunda.
• Malo ambiri kum'mwera mu Africa cha ali Cape South Point.
• M'dera la Australia chimafikira kufanana 10 ° S. yakumadzulo. mpaka 39 ° S. yakumadzulo.
• Pafupifupi pakati pa Africa anawoloka ndi Kumwera lotentha.

Kodi Chigawo ndi Australia: East kapena West? Chile osati intersect meridians 0 ° ndi 180 °, zikutanthauza kuti kwathunthu ili mu Chigawo cha kum'mawa. Zinthu zazikulu za GP la Australia Longitude:

• Malekezero a kumadzulo - M phompho Point ..
• The kwambiri kum'mawa malo amatenga m. Byron.
• Australia lili kum'maŵa kwa meridian 113 °. g., 153 ° kumadzulo. d.
• Malo okwana Africa ndi za 7.659.000. Km ^2.

M'dziko akutambasula kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kum'mawa za 4 zikwi. Km. Mtunda kuchokera kumtunda kumpoto kum'mwera kwa mfundo zake yakumapeto kwenikweni, polumikizirana ndi za 3,7 zikwi. Km.

gombe

Chile Australia kusamba:

• Timor ndi Arafura Sea kumpoto;
• Miyala, Tasman Nyanja kum'mawa;
• Magombe ndi m'mavuto ya Indian Ocean kumadzulo, ndi kummwera.

Kuti kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Australia ndi Tasmania, chilumba pa - kumpoto-kum'mawa. New Guinea. M'mphepete mwa nyanja kum'mawa ayambire padziko lonse lapansi limodzi la matanthwe - Wamkulu Barrier Reef. Natural "dongosolo" kufika kutalika 2 zikwi. Km. Miyala miyala, zilumba zimenezi zili njira yovuta kwa kugombe la kum'mawa kwa Australia kumtunda (chithunzi chimodzi mwa zilumba yaing'ono pansipa).

Commonwealth of Australia

Mpaka khumi zapitazo wa gawo XIX atumwi a Australia tichipeza 6 madera osiyana ndi maboma awoawo, asilikali ndi makhalidwe ena a ufulu. Mu chaka cha 1898 anayamba kukula kwa malamulo a Federation ankawalamulira. Tsiku loyamba la 1901 ku Australia kuwalandira monga nzika za boma limodzi - Commonwealth of Australia.

Mkangano pakati pa mizinda ya dziko, n'chinthu chofunikira chimodzi m'dziko mawu dera linayamba zaka zoposa 100 zapitazo. funso: kodi kukhala likulu la Australia? Sydney kapena Canberra - amene mizindayi wanji? Tikumbukenso kuti Australia ambiri amakhulupirira Africa awo wodabwitsa. Ku Sydney ndi Canberra akulira mzinda wawo, kuganiza kuti ali bwino. Mu Melbourne amati mzinda wawo ndi kwabasi, otchuka.

Kodi umatchedwa likulu la Australia: Sydney, Melbourne kapena Canberra?

maboma Federal pambuyo 1901 alipo pa mwapadera analenga Capital Gawo Australia. Anaganiza kuti padzakhala likulu la Australia. Sydney kapena Melbourne - izi ndi mizinda iwiri lalikulu kuti akhale malo oyendetsera a boma akali khumi zoyambirira pambuyo chilengedwe chake. Pamene Atamaliza kukambirana, anaganiza kuthetsa mpikisano anauka. Zokonda zapatsidwa kwa mongoyembekezera Melbourne. Izi womwe kale unali likulu la Australia, kumene yamalamulo feduro anali kotala zaka.

Ganizo akumanga mzinda watsopano kwa nthawi yaitali kukhalapo pa gawo cha New South Wales, koma osati mu Sydney, ndipo pang'ono motalikira gombe. Only mu 1908 izo potsiriza ovomerezedwa ndi malo a likulu ndi ndale ya dzikoli, ndipo mu 1911 anayamba kamangidwe kake ndi kumanga. ntchito Melbourne likulu anachita mpaka 1927.

Canberra: m'munsi ndi mzinda

Ndinadutsa kuposa zaka khumi pambuyo polenga dziko limodzi kumtunda, koma anthu ambiri zimawavuta kuti muyankhe funso ili: "? Likulu la Australia - Sydney kapena Canberra"

Mu 1911, mpikisano analengeza kwa kamangidwe ka mzinda watsopano. Iye anapambana iye American wamanga Walter Griffin. Olemba lingaliro la likulu ndi panali kukayikira dzina lake. Tikupereka mungachite zotsatirazi: Dzheyms Kuk, Shakespeare, Olympus, koma mapeto, adasunga dzina mbiri.

Mu March 1913 mwala woyamba ku maziko a mzinda anakhazikitsidwa. Dzina la likulu latsopano amachokera eponymous m'mudzi Canberra pa Molongo mtsinje. Mtunda kuchokera pano kuti Sydney kumpoto-kum'mawa - 280 makilomita kuti Melbourne kum'mwera chakumadzulo - 650 Km. mawu "Canberra" latembenuzidwa kuchokera ku chinenero cha Aaborijini a Australia zingatanthauze limatanthauza "malo". Loyamba m'Chingelezi kuthetsa anawonekera kuno mu 1820. A tchuthi dziko - Tsiku la maziko a Canberra - Australia anaganiza kukondwerera chaka (Lolemba wachiwiri March).

Growth, chitukuko, ndi lero zenizeni Australia Capital

Economic chipwirikiti cha Dziko Lonse Yoyamba anachedwa yomanga. Only mu 1927 Nyumba ya Malamulo ya Australia Federal anasamuka ku Melbourne ku Canberra. Kukula ndi chitukuko cha likulu kuti mochedwa pa Great Depression ndi nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Pokhapokha 1945 Canberra anachuluka. chiwerengero cha anthu ake kuzungulira 392 zikwi. Man. Mu likulu, mlingo ulova n'chozama ndi ndalama pafupifupi ndi apamwamba kuposa dziko lonse. Poyamba, ntchito zimene chilengedwe cha mzinda munda wokongola ndi omasuka moyo. Pa gawo la Canberra anakhalabe mbali yaikulu ya malo achilengedwe zomera, wosweka m'mapaki latsopano ndi mabwalo. Mu likulu, mpando wa nyumba yamalamulo ndi Supreme Court, ndi mabungwe ambiri boma. malo Yakale ndipo zokopa za Canberra motere:

• Nyumba ya Malamulo (poyamba ndipo panopa);
• Anglican Church of St. Ioanna Krestitelya ;
• churchyard wa St. John;
• National Museum;
• Nkhondo Memorial;
• National University ku Australia;
• Royal usilikali College;
• National Gallery.

Features wa utsogoleri-Kupititsa ndi anthu kachulukidwe

Kuwonjezera pa Federal Capital Gawo, Australia ndi mbali ya m'madera ochepa amene amasiyana kukula, chiwerengero ndi zikuchokera anthu. Pasanathe asezare ndipo anayamba m'dera - North. Komanso, pali 6 limati osiyana: Western ndi Australia South, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria ndi Tasmania. Lalikulu m'dera zigawo Australia - Queensland ndi Australia Western.

Kumzinda waukulu mu dziko ili m'mphepete mwa nyanja kum'mawa, osati chifukwa cha mbiri ya anapeza ndi kuthetsa m'dzikoli. Ku Pacific Ocean m'mphepete Australia akuthamanga unyolo wa mapiri, kutalika kwake pafupifupi - 1500-2000 mamita Izi Wamkulu kugawa osiyanasiyana, amene amateteza gombe Mzere ku otentha mphepo youma kuwomba kuchokera ku zigawo chapakati chipululu ..

Kumzinda waukulu pa Coast East - Sydney. chiwerengero cha anthu matauni ndi kuzungulira miliyoni 4.4. Man. Mu chithunzi cha mzinda inu mukhoza zambiri kuona kukongola chinyumba choyera wa Opera House, chokhala matanga yatchi kapena zigawo lalanje. Opera ku Sydney - mmodzi wa okongola kwambiri nyumba kamangidwe ka dziko - chizindikiro cha mzinda osati koma lonse la Australia. Chipangizo luso njira wolemba wa zisudzo nyumba (Jorg Utston) ophatikizidwa mu moyo wa zaka 10. Zachilendo internally za zisudzo chokongoletsera umatchedwa "dziko Gothic".

Melbourne ili kum'mwera kwa Sydney ndi Canberra, chiwerengero cha anthu ake ndi za miliyoni 3,9 anthu. mzinda ankaona masewera likulu la Australia: pali ndime mayiko tennis, okwera mtundu "chilinganizo -1". Chidwi choyambirira zomangamanga amakopa alendo Melbourne. City mu zaka zosakwana awiri, zinasinthika kuchokera ku nsomba m'mudzi mu mzinda wa.

Kufotokoza mwa chidule za waukulu zizindikiro umoyo ndi zachuma

Mwachidule Australia adzakhala chosakwanira ngati inu simutaya kapena kupereka zofunika zaziwerengero zizindikiro, osanenapo kiyi makhalidwe ena umoyo ndi zachuma cha dziko. Malo onse a boma boma la Australia ndi za 7,687 Km ^2. gawo akuphatikizapo osati kokha kumtunda, komanso chiwerengero pafupi izo zilumba zazikulu ndi zazing'ono. Chiwerengero cha dziko - malinga ndi kafukufuku cha 2014 - anthu miliyoni 23,8.

Anthu okhulupirira a mpingo wa England mu Commonwealth of Australia pafupifupi 26% ya chonse cha anthu. About yemweyo mu Australia Akatolika ndi otsatira a zikhulupiriro zina Mkhristu. Pa nthawi ya ankafika pa kumtunda atsamunda European anthu zakwawoko anali pa mlingo wochepa wa chitukuko. Australia zilankhulo chinkhoswe kusonkhanitsa zipatso ndi mbewu mu zakutchire, kusaka kapena kusodza.

Ochuluka a England anayamba kuitanitsa akaidi, njuchi woyamba ndi midzi ina okhazikika. Ku World Old ku Australia pamodzi ndi anthu amene anapita kukagwira ndi ziweto anali tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a anthu ndi nyama. Chifukwa cha matenda kwambiri chepetse chiwerengero cha anthu zakwawoko. Great kuwonongeka kwa zomera zakutchire anachititsa akalulu ndi herbivores ena ndinazoloŵera.

Australia ndi zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe, zomwe makamaka ncho mu kumpoto ndi kumadzulo kwa dziko. Mchere angatchedwe madipoziti gasi, mafuta, malasha, zitsulo akakhala ndi sanali akakhala golide, ureniamu. Unathandizira pa kumtunda zongowonjezwdwa zopangira magetsi: cheza dzuwa, mafunde, mphepo. Mitsinje yaikulu - ndi Murray Wokondedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa - kuthirira m'minda ulimi mu kum'mwera chakum'mawa. Australia - yaikulu ng'ombe kuswana dera, makamaka anayamba kuno bwino fleeced nkhosa ndi ng'ombe ana. Investment ndi makampani a m'dzikolo komanso akunja kuti aganyali mu zipangizo malasha mafuta yaiwisi (mafuta ndi gasi). The Commonwealth of Australia kukhala migodi ndi processing mafakitale, katundu ndi chakudya zipangizo, mphamvu ndi ulimi. Dziko ali anayamba gawo ukachenjede ya chuma (utumiki m'dera).

Ntchito ya ndalama ndicho Australia dollar Ankachita. GDP pa munthu wa Australia mwa mayiko pamwamba khumi, nduna chimodzi mu dziko. Australia, m'mayiko ndi Oceania likulu chidwi alendo. Waung'ono chilumba m'madera ndalama kuchokera gawo ili la chuma n'kofunika.

Australia kukhala mbali ya Oceania

Control Commonwealth imakhudzanso archipelagos ndi zilumba: Ashmore, Cocos, Cartier, Macdonald, Norfolk, Christmas, Hurd (ena mwa zinthu zimene si wokhala anthu).

Likulu la Australia ndi Oceania ali kwambiri amasiyana mzake zinthu zambiri. mitundu chilumba kwambiri chogwidwa ndi anthu kumeneko. Ngakhale madera waukulu mwayekha mukudalira mu makumi a nthawi zosakwana Australia. Kotero, dziko dera inali kumpoto kwa Australia - Papua New Guinea - ali pafupi 463 zikwi makilomita ^2, chiwerengero cha anthu anafika miliyoni 7.1 ..

Mikuluwiko yaing'ono Africa

Travel kwa Australia ndi wokongola kwa anthu ambiri, chifukwa Africa anatchuka chifukwa cha zosowa. Pali ambiri kuderako, anapeza nyama ndi zomera kwina. Monga ofufuza amasonyeza, kalelo unali mbali ya Australia wamkulu-Africa, koma chifukwa cha kugawanika wake ndi kulowerera kwa kum'mwera chakum'mawa inachotsedwa m'mayiko ena. Chifukwa kudzipatula ake mu Australia ndi za. Tasmania anasunga zomera chidina ndi marsupials, kuleza zinatha mu Africa Europe ndi ku Asia.

Malinga ndi zotsatira za zinthu zofukulidwa m'mabwinja, zojambula thanthwe mafupa anthu, zida wakale wa ntchito, ofufuza anatsimikiza nthawi ya kuthetsa m'dzikoli. Anapezazo amati Australia anthu atangofika kumene ochokera ku mayiko ena anthu. Mwina anthu alipo kale pafupifupi 50 zaka zambiri, koma amakhala kuti anthu oyamba panali 21 chikwi. Zaka zapitazo.

Akatswiri Australia kudziwa zinyama mu dera, kukhulupirira kuti ukhale nyama yakale kwambiri kudera la Dziko lapansi. Akukhulupirira kuti m'nyengo Paleozoic panali dziko chifukwa mbali Asian la Europe ndi ku Asia. Kenako pa zinyama kumtunda sanali osiyanasiyana. Long pamaso pa chiyambi cha nyengo Quaternary ku Australia anabwera nyama marsupial. Pa nthawi yomweyo panali kulekana kotsiriza wa dziko lonselo. Monga Australia sanathe kudutsa ndi ogwirira - oimira nyama apamwamba. Choncho, kwa zomera zamakolo m'dzikoli patsogolo pathu, si lililonse. Opezeka Australia wamkulu placental nyama - platypus ndi echidna, marsupials - kangaroos, koalas ndi nyama zina zachilendo.