Kodi kutanthauziridwa monga malumikizanidwe koyefishienti ndi mtengo wa

Mu dziko lathu, chirichonse chiri cholukanalukana, kwinakwake ndi kuonekera kwa apoyera, ndi zina anthu sakudziwa nkomwe za kukhalako kwa ubwenzi woterewu. Komabe, ziwerengero potchula kudalira pa mgwirizano, amagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "malumikizanidwe". Iwo nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu mabuku a zachuma. Tiyeni tiyese kuti adzaone zomwe ndicho lingaliro ili, kodi zinthu ndi kuzindikira mfundo analandira.

maganizo

Choncho, kodi malumikizanidwe? Monga ulamuliro, akuti limeneli ubwenzi zowerengera pakati pa magawo awiri kapena kuposa. Ngati inu kusintha kufunika chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa iwo, zivute zitani zimakhudza mtengo wa ena. Pakuti tanthauzo masamu mphamvu kudalirana amenewa ndi ofanana ntchito zosiyanasiyana zinthu. Tikumbukenso kuti mu nkhani kumene kusintha chizindikiro chimodzi sichichititsa kusintha zachirengedwe ena, koma amene amadza pa aliyense wa zowerengera khalidwe chizindikiro, ubwenzi woterewu si malumikizanidwe, koma monga zowerengera.

History akuti

Pofuna kumvetsa bwino zimene malumikizanidwe, tiyeni tifufuze nkhaniyo. Mawu amenewa anaonekera mu zikomo XVIII m'ma cha khama la French paleontologist Zhorzha Kyuve. wasayansi Izi zachitika otchedwa "chilamulo cha malumikizanidwe" ziwalo ndipo mbali ya zamoyo, zomwe zimathandiza kuti abwezeretse maonekedwe a malasha wakale wa nyama, ndi ena okha mtembo wake zilipo. Mu ziwerengero mawu awa anabwera ku ntchito mu 1886 ndi dzanja kuwala ziwerengero Chingelezi ndi zamoyo Francis Galton. Mutu kwambiri akuti wapeza kumasulira kwake: osati osati aya - «ubale», ndi ubale ndi wina ndi mzake chinachake nawo - «co-ubale». Komabe, momveka bwino kufotokoza mwamasamu kuti malumikizanidwe Izi zikhoza kokha wophunzira Galton, ndi zamoyo ndi masamu Karl Pearson (1857 - 1936). Iye ndiye anali oyamba chilinganizo lenileni kuwerengetsa ndi koefishienti kake.

awiri malumikizanidwe

Kotero ife timachitcha ubale mfundo ziwiri yeniyeni. Mwachitsanzo, imatsimikizirika kuti mtengo wa pachaka wa malonda mu United States zikugwirizana kwambiri ndi kukula kwa mankhwala aakulu m'banja. Akuti pakati pa mfundo izi mu nthawi kuchokera 1956 kuti 1977 mulungu malumikizanidwe koyefishienti anali 0,9699. Chitsanzo china - chiwerengero cha maulendo ku sitolo Intaneti ndi buku la malonda ake. The ubwenzi anapezeka pakati pa mfundo izi ngati malonda a mowa ndi kutentha mpweya, kutentha pafupifupi kwa malo enieni mu chaka panopa ndi yoyamba ija, ndi zina zotero. D. Kodi kumasulira koyefishienti wa peyala malumikizanidwe? Tsopano, tiona kuti zimatengera kufunika kwa -1 1, mmene nambala zoipa limasonyeza n'zosiyana ndi zabwino - kudalira mwachindunji. Zotsatira zikuluzikulu wagawo chizengerezo; wamkulu ukulu wa chikoka pa wina ndi mzake. A ubwino ziro akuimira chosowa mtengo kudalira zosakwana 0.5 limasonyeza osauka, ndipo mwinamwake - kuti zodziwika bwino ubale.

malumikizanidwe Pearson wa

Malinga ndi zimene lonse anayeza zosintha kwa kuwerengetsera ntchito chizindikiro (Fechner koyefishienti Spearman, Kendall ndi T. D.). Pamene ayesedwa mfundo imeneyi, zofala kwambiri ntchito chizindikiro, anatulukira Karlom Pirsonom. chiŵerengero Izi zikusonyeza mlingo wa ubale liniya pakati pa magawo awiri. Pamene anthu kulankhula za malumikizanidwe, ambiri a iwo ndi kukumbukira. chizindikiro umenewu wakhala wotchuka kuti ali chilinganizo mu kupambana ndi zingakhale zothandiza kwambiri ngati mukufuna kumvetsa zimene malumikizanidwe popanda kupita intricacies wa mitunduyi zovuta. The malembedwe a ntchito imeneyi ndi mawonekedwe: Pearson (array1, array2). Pamene magulu loyamba ndi lachiwiri la manambala lolingana ranges zambiri mmalo.