Chinyama choyamba mu mlengalenga. Belka ndi Strelka - agalu chombo

April akhumi dziko lonse amakondwerera Cosmonautics Tsiku. Zinali Ndiyeno, kumbuyo mu 1961, kuchoka oyamba m'mlengalenga anapanga Soviet cosmonaut Yuriy Alekseevich Gagarin.

Kuti munthu akanakhoza kupita mu mlengalenga, popanda mantha umoyo wawo ndipo popanda kuika miyoyo yawo pangozi, zaka za kafukufuku ndi zatsopano zambiri zothandiza zofunika.

Ndi palibe chinsinsi kuti kale anthu anaona Earth mwa porthole wa spacecraft ndi nyama akhala danga. chombo Shaggy ankafika pa ndege, chomwe chidzachitike kutsidya lina m'mlengalenga, munthu wayesetsa kutsatira ndi khalidwe la nyama yoyamba danga ndi maganizo. zipangizo zina zapadera zimathandiza kuti penyani, ngakhale kusintha zazing'ono machitidwe thupi lawo. deta izi zathandiza kusintha machitidwe a sayansi ndege kupititsa patsogolo kotheka kukhazikitsa munthu mu malo opanda chiopsezo chilichonse thanzi lake.

Mfundo ambiri

Kodi nyama ku malo choyamba kwambiri? Ambiri a funso zingaoneke pulayimale. Ambiri Amalalikira Poyankha, tamva kuti nyama choyamba, pakuwona danga, anali angapo agalu maonekedwe achirendo dzina lake Belka ndi Strelka. Ndipo, chodabwitsa kwa ambiri, tili ndi kukanena kuti yankho ili ndi cholakwika.

Ndipo amene onse ndi ofanana anali woyamba?

Mu masiteji koyamba kafukufuku, US asayansi ku anyani danga. Nyama zimenezi anasankhidwa chifukwa cha moyandikana awo thupi kwa anthu.

The yoyamba suborbital ndege zinachitikadi mwa akatswiri NASA June 11, 1948. Mwatsoka, nyani sanakhale ndi moyo pa kuyesera. Yotsatira amathamanga ochepa zamoyo ndi zotsatira chomwecho. Koma pamene ndege awa akadali wakwanitsa kusonkhanitsa mudziwe kuti athe luso bwino ndi nyama kuti anawuluka mu mlengalenga, zitsulo bwinobwino ku Earth moyo komanso thanzi labwino. Mu 60 ntchentche tinayamba kugwiritsa ndege komanso kupeza njira yake ndi.

Okwana mapulogalamu kafukufuku ochitidwa ndi United States pakati pa 1948 ndi 1969, unayambitsidwa mu danga 32 Kanyaniko.

Space Travel Dog

Pa nthawi yomweyo mu kufanana ndi United States Soviet Union unachitikira malo kufufuza ake. Kwa iwo, agalu ankagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Kodi mukudziwa nyama yoyamba, anasungunuka mu danga kuchokera cosmodrome Russian?

Dezik ndi Majipise - izi agalu awiri pabwalo July 22, 1951 anapita kwa chida ballistic m'mwamba. Akufika malire makonzedwe ndi danga, limene lili pamalo okwera 100 Km, iwo ali kapisozi wapadera inatera bwinobwino pansi. The ndege inatenga mphindi 20, ndipo pambuyo agalu awiri kumva kwambiri. Chimodzimodzi sabata imodzi chidaperekedwa ndege ina, imene inatha zochepa bwinobwino. Dezik mobwerezabwereza ku danga, ndipo wina wina wa mzinga, ndi galu dzina lake Fox, anagundidwa pamene tidakocheza, monga parachuti, amene amayenera kuonetsetsa ankafika yosalala kapisozi si anatsegula.

Wozunzidwayo loyamba la akatswiri danga atsogoleri kuona kuyesera. Ofufuza sadaleka. Okwana pakati pa 1959 ndi 1960, 29 kum'mwera yozungulira ndege zinachitikadi limene agalu kukhala, akalulu, makoswe woyera ndi mbewa. Ena a nyama oyamba mu malo paulendo wake anali pogonekedwa ndi mankhwala - kuti athe kuphunzira chikhalidwe thupi la thupi.

Animal flights mu kanjira

The ndege yoyamba ya spacecraft ndi asafike kanjira, onyamula zamoyo anapangidwa November 3, 1957. Ndipo ngati pamaso nyama anawatumiza awiriawiri, tsopano Soviet zonyamula ngalawa "Sputnik-2" anakhala yekha galu Laika dzina lake. Ngakhale mwaukadaulo osati galu adzabweranso zikanakhala zotheka, koma iye anafa akali ndege, pambuyo maola 5, atacita 4 ankasinthana zonse padziko lapansi. Chifukwa cha imfa yake inali kwambiri maganizo ndi kutenthedwa kwa thupi. Iwo Laika - ichi ndi nyama yoyamba, anasungunuka mu danga kuti kumayenda pamtunda woyenera pozungulira ndipo mwatsoka, sanabwerere.

Nthawi yotsatira ilili ndi anthu moyo pa gulu anatumizidwa ku kanjira zaka zitatu kenaka. Izo zinachitika pa July 28, 1960 The ndege komanso zinalephereka, ndi spacecraft chakumene pambuyo masekondi 38 atayamba injini. Mu kuyesera, agalu anaphedwa chombo Chanterelle ndi mbalameyi.

Ndipo August 19, 1960, spacecraft "Sputnik-5 'analowa kanjira, anapanga 17 kusintha padziko Lapansi ndipo tidakocheza bwinobwino. nthawi ili yonse pa bolodi anali lowopsya Belka ndi Strelka. Pambuyo ntchito mu March 1961, angapo a ndege zimenezi zitheke, anaganiza kutumiza munthu mu malo oyamba.

Masankhidwe a nyama zatsopano danga

Nyama yoyamba danga sanali monga choncho, iwo anali kuwasankha ndipo anali ophunzitsidwa pamaso ndege. N'zochititsa chidwi kusankha agalu nawo paulendowu, anapereka mmalo bwalo, anthu outbred, chifukwa iwo ali ndi matenda kwambiri Hardy.

Pakuti flights yozungulira zofunika agalu wathanzi masekeli pogwiritsa osachepera asanu ndi masentimita 35 m'litali, zaka zapakati pa zaka ziwiri sikisi. Ikani masensa kuti kuwerenga nkhani ku yabwino kwambiri nyama shorthaired.

Asanayambe kuwuluka agalu anaphunzira m'zipinda chatsekedwa kuti yesezera ndi spacecraft kanyumba, usaope wa mapokoso okweza ndi Phokoso kudya, ntchito chipangizo wapadera kuti amapereka chakudya weightlessness.

Zosangalatsa za ndege yoyamba Belka ndi Strelka mu kanjira

Akuti ndege ya Belka ndi Strelka danga anatsegula anthu njira nyenyezi.

anthu ochepa chabe amene akudziwa kuti mfundo agalu awa wokondeka otchedwa Albina ndi Marquis, koma isanayambe zimenezo zimangosonyeza m'malo nicknames zakunja Union, ndipo tsopano nyama yoyamba danga, anapita njira yake mosamala anabwerera Lapansi, ndi bwino kuti ife pansi mayina muvi ndi gologolo.

Agalu anasankhidwa kuchokera ambiri ntchito, koma, pambali pa magawo zofunika thupi zinali zofunika odula mtundu. The mwayi nyama anali woyererako zimveke kuwayang'anira iwo kudzera oyang'anira a. Chinthu china chofunika anali galu ndi pempho, monga mu nkhani ya bwino kuyesera awo kwenikweni anapereka kugulu.

Ngakhale kuyembekezera nthawi ya ndege ya Belka ndi Strelka tsiku limodzi, koma pa maphunziro ndi chiyesedwe cha nyama mu zinthu zoyerekeza ndege kwa masiku atatu.

Pa ndege bolodi ntchito moyo thandizo dongosolo, ndi ntchito yapadera zida agalu mu zikhalidwe za weightlessness anadyetsedwa chakudya ndi madzi. Ambiri, nyama bwino ndi lokha pa Roketi Launch anapeza mtima palpitations. chithunzi Izi dekhetsa pamene spacecraft wafika kanjira.

Kamodzi anatsiriza chitukuko bwino malo nyama, zinadziwika - munthu akhoza kupita kunja m'mlengalenga ndi kubwerera sanamuvulaze.

nyama zina anali malo

Kuwonjezera anyani ndi agalu panja m'mlengalenga zafikapo ndi nyama zina monga amphaka, akamba, achule, nkhono, akalulu, mbewa, mphemvu, newts, ndipo ngakhale mitundu ina ya nsomba. Ambiri adzakhala ndi chidwi kudziwa kuti March 22, 1990 pa m'mlengalenga "Mir" anatha zimaswa mwana wankhuku mazira zinziri. Izi ndi mfundo yoyamba kubadwa kwa chamoyo m'malere.

Kungayambitse nyama danga?

Koma chakuti dzira kale ukala akhoza kukhala ndi zimaswa mwana wankhuku mu mlengalenga, sizikutanthauza kuti nyama ndi zomera ku malo kungayambitse. NASA asayansi anali atatsimikizira kuti cheza dziko zimawononga mphamvu pa ntchito za uchembere wabwino wa zinthu zamoyo. Nyongolosi maselo chifukwa mitsinje angapo a mapulotoni ndi danga, salinso ntchito yake. CHAKUBADWA motero kumakhala kovuta. Komanso mu njira ya zatsopano sakanakhoza kupulumutsidwa ku mawu a danga kale zarozhdonnye mazira. Iwo pomwepo zidaleka kukula ndi kufa.