Lamanzere ventricle za mtima: kapangidwe, ntchito, kudwala

anthu ndi nyama apamwamba, mtima imakhala ya zipinda zinayi: atria awiri ndi ventricles awiri. Choncho, dongosolo la ventricles komanso ngati atria anawagawa lamanja ndi lamanzere.

The ventricle kumanzere ndi chiyambi cha kufalitsidwa zokhudza zonse.

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Post kumanzere ventricle ndi kumanzere atrium kudzera kumanzere atrioventricular kutsegula, kuchokera ventricle bwino ventriculus yolakwika okhaokha interventricular septum. Kuyambira izi m'chipinda chodyera cha mtima masamba msempha, mwazi pa izo limayenda ndi mpweya kudzera mitsempha ang'onoang'ono ikagwa ziwalo mkati.

Izo zikuwoneka kumanzere ventricle ngati phirilo mozondoka, ndi yekhayo wa makamera onse nawo mapangidwe a pamwamba mtima. Chifukwa chachikulu kuposa ventricle bwino, kukula, akukhulupirira kuti mtima ndi kumanzere, koma kwenikweni ndi pafupifupi pakati pa chifuwa.

kumanzere yamitsempha yamagazi khoma ali millimeters teni mpaka fifitini wandiweyani, amene ali kangapo kuposa zizindikiro zofanana mu ventricle bwino. Ichi ndi chifukwa kwambiri otukuka myocardium kumanzere chifukwa katundu apamwamba. Ndiko kuti, apamwamba buku la ntchito anachita, ndi makulidwe a linga mtima. The ventricle kumanzere amakankhira magazi, nawo makope zokhudza zonse, pamene ventricle pomwe amapereka magazi buku kwa bwalo yaing'ono. N'chifukwa chake, pa zinthu zachilendo, yotsirizira ndi bwino akupangidwa ndi wochindikala ndi safanana m'munsi.

Atrioventricular uthenga (dzenje) kumanzere chatsekedwa vavu mitral, wopangidwa mwa zapambuyo ndi timapepala ta zapambuyo. kutsogolo lili pafupi ndi interventricular septum, ndipo kumbuyo - kunja kwake.

Kuyambira mapiko onsewo kuwonjezera poyambira - tendon m'magawo amene akugwira lamba wa pamimba kwa minofu papillary. Kudzera minofu imeneyi valavu ndi amagwira ntchito zake, kutanthauza kuti, pa systole, palibe kubwerera kwa magazi kubwerera atrium lapansi.

minofu Papillary amagwira ku yeniyeni protrusions m'mnyewa wamtima (minofu trabecula) amene anakonza mkati mwa M'mimbamo ndi yamitsempha yamagazi. trabeculae oterowo makamaka bwino anayamba m'dera la interventricular septum ndi pamwamba pa mtima, koma chiwerengero cha iwo mu ventricle kumanzere n'chochepa ufulu.

M'litali ndi chiwerengero cha makodi ya kumanzere ventricle payekha. Ndi zaka, kutalika pang'onopang'ono kumawonjezera, pokhala inversely zokhudzana ndi kutalika kwa minofu papillary. nthawi zambiri ndi poyambira amene amapita ku minofu atakolekedwa tsamba limodzi. Komanso, wapezeka makodi kuti kulumikiza minofu papillary kuti trabeculae lapansi.

Mu malo ya kuchoka kwa msempha ndi valavu semilunar, kudzera mmene magazi sabwerera kwa msempha mumtima.

Mitsempha mopupuluma kumanzere yamitsempha yamagazi myocardium wolowera mtengo Hiss (mwendo wake kumanzere). Tikumbukenso kuti yekha kumanzere ventricle zimachitika ali anauza nthambi awiri - ndi kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo.

Makamaka kwa ventricle kumanzere ndi ntchito zake

Wachibale kuti mbali zina za mtima, ventricle kumanzere ndi pansi, kumbuyo ndi lamanzere. M'mphepete akunja a anamaliza ndi amatchedwa m'mapapo mwanga pamwamba. Pa moyo wa buku la ukuwonjezeka chipinda kwa 5.5 masentimita ³ (makanda) mpaka 210 masentimita ³ (khumi ndi wa zaka twente faifi).

Poyerekeza ndi kumanja, ndi ventricle kumanzere ali yapadera kwambiri chowulungika ndi mawonekedwe oblong zambiri akulu ndi pang'ono yaitali kuposa izo.

Anachoka yamitsempha yamagazi dongosolo kuzindikiridwa angapo m'madipatimenti:

• Front (infundibulum) amalankhulira ndi msempha mwa wolumikizira kutsegula.
• Kumbuyo (makamaka yamitsempha yamagazi M'mimbamo) kuti amalankhulira ndi auricle bwino.

Monga tanena chifukwa kwambiri anakamba myocardium la kumanzere yamitsempha yamagazi khoma makulidwe ndi khumi ndi zinai millimeters.

Kumanzere yamitsempha yamagazi ntchito ndi kutuluka kwa magazi mpweya mu msempha (kapena kufalitsa zokhudza zonse) kenako kupyolera zopezera mitsempha ang'ono ndi capillaries amapezeka ziwalo chakudya ndipo zimakhala za chamoyo wonse.

Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa

M'mikhalidwe wabwinobwino, ndi lamanzere ndi lamanja ventricles opareshoni synchronously. ntchito yawo chikuchitika mu magawo awiri: systole ndi diastole (motero, ndi chidule ndi zosangalatsa). Systole nawonso, ndi kugawidwa m'mbali ziwiri:

1. Voteji: zikuphatikizapo asynchronous ndi isometric chidule;
2. Kuchotsedwa: Monga kudya ndi wosakwiya athamangitsidwe.

Asynchronous voteji yodziwika chidule m'goli ulusi minofu ya myocardium, monga chifukwa cha likamaomba malemeredwe. vavu Atrioventricular chatsekedwa pa nthawi ino. Pambuyo malemeredwe chimakwirira ulusi onse m'mnyewa wamtima, ndi kuthamanga mu kuwonjezeka ventricles, vavu usanatseke, ndipo M'mimbamo chatsekedwa.

Pambuyo kuchita khoma yamitsempha yamagazi wa magazi ukuwonjezeka kuthamanga kwa eyite mamilimita Hg. v., ndi kusiyana ndi kachulukidwe mu msempha ndi 2 mm Hg. Art., Semilunar vavu atsegula, magazi amatuluka msempha. Pamene osiyanitsidwa panopa ku kutseka kuti uchiwo usatuluke kung'ambika magazi semilunar mavavu zikumenyetsedwa.

Kenako pa myocardium yamitsempha yamagazi pansi ndi mwa vavu mitral kwa magazi matenda akulowa ventricle. Dongosololi ndiye akubwereza.

Kumanzere kukanika yamitsempha yamagazi

Kusiyanitsa systolic ndi diastolic kukanika kwa zipinda za mtima.

Pamene systolic yamitsempha yamagazi kukanika, yafupika luso kukankhira magazi M'mimbamo mu msempha, chimene ndi chifukwa ambiri kulephera mtima.

kukanika amenewa zambiri kumachitika chifukwa chidule cha zochitika, zomwe zimachititsa kuchepa buku sitiroko.

Kumanzere yamitsempha yamagazi diastolic kukanika - kuchepa mphamvu yake kudzaza ndi magazi a M'mimbamo (ie kuonetsetsa diastolic kudzazidwa). chikhalidwe Zimenezi zingachititse kuti oopsa sekondale (onse venous ndi wolumikizira), amene anatsagana ndi dyspnoea, chifuwa ndi paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.

zopindika mtima

Pali kobadwa nako ndi zinazake. Yotsirizira amachitika chifukwa cha zipolowe mu nthawi embryonic. gulu m'gulu kobadwa nako mavavu malformed, owonjezera mu ventricle kumanzere ndi mwina sikuthandiza poyambira kutalika mphanga septum pakati pa ventricles, transposition (nthenda malo) ziwiya lalikulu.

Ngati pali mwana wa chilema matenda kapena makoma yamitsempha yamagazi, venous ndi magazi wolumikizira ali osokonezeka. Ana olumala ngati ndi kaphatikizidwe iwo ndi transposition ziwiya ndi khungu bluish, amene poyamba ndi chisonyezo chokha.

Ngati transposition alipo ngati chilema akutali, hypoxia kumabweretsa kuukira yomweyo imfa. Nthawi zina (pamene detects chilema asanabadwe) n'zotheka kuchita opaleshoni.

Kuchititsa chithandizo opaleshoni m'pofunika ndi wopunduka ena kumanzere yamitsempha yamagazi (mwachitsanzo, nthenda ya valavu kung'ambika kapena valavu mitral).

Kumanzere hypertrophy yamitsempha yamagazi

Yodziwika chisindikizo yamitsempha yamagazi khoma.

The zimayambitsa matenda zingakhale:

• Lekeza maphunziro yaitali (akatswiri masewera).
• Wongokhala.
• Kusuta fodya kumachitira.
• Uchidakwa.
• Farben matenda.
• Akulu Dystrophy.
• Kupanikizika.
• Zotumphukira mtima kudwala.
• Kunenepa.
• Atherosclerosis.
• Shuga.
• Ischemia.
• Oopsa.

Poyamba, matenda ndi asymptomatic, ndi kupitirira la ndondomeko ukapezeka onyenga angina, kukomoka, chizungulire, kutopa. Ndipo amayamba mtima kulephera yodziwika ndi dyspnea (kuphatikizapo mu mpumulo).

kumanzere kulephera yamitsempha yamagazi

Nthawi zambiri kumachitika chapansipansi:

• Kung'ambika zopindika.
• Glomerulonephritis.
• Oopsa.
• M'mnyewa wamtima infarction.
• Chinzonono aortitis.
• Atherosclerotic cardio.

kudwala Izi amakhala ndi kupata cyanosis, kufupika kwa mpweya, kufooka, kupweteka mtima, kuphwanya matupi zina ndi zina zotero.

Matenda a kuvutika kumanzere yamitsempha yamagazi

• Ultrasound (motsimikiza malformations kobadwa nako);
• ECG;
• Kujambula;
• CT;
• pachifuwa X-ray;
• PCG;
• echocardiography.

Kodi kuchitira anachoka ventricle za mtima

Monga tanena zopindika mtima nthawi zambiri amafuna chithandizo opaleshoni.

Hypertrophy wa ventricle kumanzere kwa mtima angathe kuchizidwa ndi osakaniza blockers beta ndi "Verapamil". Njira imeneyi amachepetsa mawonetseredwe matenda a matenda. Komanso mankhwala osavomerezeka kudya pang'ono ndi kukana makhalidwe oipa, kuchepetsa kulemera ndi kuchepetsa kudya mchere.

The zakudya ayenera ogwira thovu mkaka ndi mkaka, zipatso, nsomba ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Komanso, kumangako ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta, maswiti ndi zakudya kukhuthala. Yovomereza kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Kuwonjezera mankhwala ndiwofatsa komanso chithandizo opaleshoni umagwiritsidwa, umalimbana kuchotsa gawo hypertrophied myocardium. Kumbukirani kuti kudwala izi akufotokozera patangopita zaka zochepa.

Pankhani kumanzere kulephera yamitsempha yamagazi, mu nkhani iyi, ntchito yapadera "mtima" mankhwala "Korglikon", "corazole", "Strofantin", "camphor", "Kordiamin", komanso mpweya inhalation ndi bedi zina.