Kodi kusintha?

Masinthidwe amatchedwa kusintha mowiriza mu Kapangidwe ka DNA zinthu zamoyo, zikubweretsa zikamera wa kuvutika osiyanasiyana kukula ndi chitukuko. Choncho, ife tione kusintha kuti, zimayambitsa, ndipo alipo mu nzeru za gulu. Tiyeneranso kulabadira zotsatira za genotype pa kusintha chikhalidwe.

Kodi kusintha?

Asayansi amanena kuti masinthidwe kale ndipo pano mu thupi kwathunthu kwa anthu onse akukhala pa dziko Komanso iwo zingaoneke kuti mazana angapo mu thupi limodzi. Chiwonetsero cha kuwuma awo, ndipo amadalira zimene zifukwa iwo Anautsa ndi zomwe zowawa unyolo chibadwa.

Zimayambitsa masinthidwe

Zimayambitsa masinthidwe akhoza kukhala yosiyanasiyana, ndipo iwo akhoza mwachibadwa osati kokha, komanso chongopeka zasayansi. Asayansi geneticists kuzindikira zinthu izi chifukwa cha kusintha:

1) cheza (ionizing ndi X) - ndi kunyezimira nyukiliya kudutsa thupi zimasiyana elekitironi mlandu maatomu, chifukwa mu kusokoneza uziyenda yachibadwa ya mankhwala ndi njira kwachilengedwenso physico-mankhwala;

2) kuwonjezeka thupi kutentha akhoza kuyambitsa kusintha chifukwa wozingidwa ndi mphamvu pakhomo thupi;

3) fission ya DNA selo kungakhale kuchedwa kukula nthawi zina kwambiri mofulumira;

4) "breakage" selo DNA, kenako ngakhale kubwezeretsa n'zosatheka kubwerera atomu boma wapachiyambi, imbaenda kusintha mosalephera.

Gawo cha masinthidwe

dziko anafuula oposa 30 kusintha genotypes ndi maiwe jini ya zinthu chifukwa cha masinthidwe wamoyo, iwo nthawi zonse zili malformations kunja kapena mkati, ambiri a iwo ndi chabwinobwino ndithu ndipo amayambitsa nkhawa. Kuti tipeze yankho la funso lakuti: "Ndi kusintha Kodi" - angatanthauze gulu ndi mutogenov omwe m'magulumagulu malinga zimawayambitsa.

1. Mu kufanizitsa kwa maselo anasintha kusiyanitsa somatic ndi zobereka kusintha. Choyamba anati maselo zolengedwa zoyamwitsa zinthu zamoyo, imafalikira yekha ndi motsatizana. Monga ulamuliro, izo aumbike ngakhale pa chitukuko cha mwana wosabadwayo mu mimba (mwachitsanzo, mumtundu maso ndi T.). Chachiwiri zambiri akuwonetseredwa mu zomera ndi invertebrates, amayamba ndi akumane zinthu zina zachilengedwe (kukula kwa bowa pa mtengo ndipo T. D.).

2. malo maselo mutated kusiyanitsa masinthidwe nyukiliya kuti zimakhudza mwachindunji pa DNA (salabadira chithandizo), ndipo cytoplasmic - ikukhudzana bwanji ndi kusintha maselo onse ndi madzi kuti mucheze ndi ngale (n'ngochiritsika kapena troubleshoot, masinthidwe amenewa amatchedwanso atavism).

3. Malinga ndi zifukwa zimene chikwiyire maonekedwe a kusintha kusiyanitsa achilengedwe (poyera) masinthidwe zidzachitika mwadzidzidzi ndiponso popanda chifukwa chilichonse, ndipo yokumba (anachititsa) - kulephera kugwira ntchito yachibadwa njira mankhwala ndi thupi.

4. Malinga ndi kusalekerera cha masinthidwe a anawagawa:

1) kutengera mapangidwe - kusintha mu chiwerengero kukukhala DNA (syndrome Down a) ;

2) masinthidwe jini - kusintha mu ndondomeko nyukiliotayidi kumanga mu mapangidwe m'magawo atsopano DNA (phenylketonuria).

kutanthauza masinthidwe

Nthawi zambiri, iwo zimawononga thupi, chifukwa kusokoneza kukula zachilendo ndipo chitukuko komanso nthawi zina amatha kufa. masinthidwe zothandiza sanalembedwepo nthawi, ngakhale kukakambirana supernormal. Iwo chofunika kanthu yogwira wa kusankha zamoyo , ndipo bwanji kusankha zamoyo, zikubweretsa zikamera wa mtundu watsopano kapena alibe. Choncho poyankha funso ili: "Kodi masinthidwe" - Dziwani kuti ndi kusintha wamng'ono kukonza DNA, zimakhudza chitukuko ndi ntchito yofunika wa chamoyo wonse.